My system is not decent

Everyone in the world knows that the iron foot of purple mouth is because the body mud of official porcelain contains more iron.

After the reducing atmosphere, this mud tire will be reduced to iron-containing components.

Therefore, the feet are iron-brown and are called "iron feet".

The opening pieces of official porcelain are turtle back pieces and large opening patterns.

It's not as broken as Ge's enamel, nor as thin as Ru's enamel.

The color is self-colored, the powder is clear, the anger is clear, and the skin is like eel blood cracking ice... This is the opening technique of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty!

Finally, official porcelain is warm and moist like jade, with thin body and thick glaze, pursuing the texture of jade, which is also the characteristic of official porcelain.

Knowing these characteristics of official porcelain, what is the difference between the craftsmanship of official porcelain and other porcelain?

First, in terms of raw materials, all raw materials for official porcelain are raw materials from the surrounding areas of Kaifeng.

The most popular porcelain clay in Kaifeng is Chenliu's chalk clay.

According to historical records, it is one of the four major porcelain clays in China.

Nanhe is very rich in porcelain clay resources, such as Yuzhou, Ruzhou, Nanyang, Shangqiu, and Boai all have porcelain clay resources.

However, it is unquestionable that only the local porcelain clay in Kaifeng can be used to burn the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Second, the raw materials of official porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty are very particular. Jade and agate are used as materials, and jade is used as mud.

Only by adding this precious raw material can porcelain with jade texture be fired.

Before the Northern Song Dynasty, the country's ritual vessels were mainly bronze ware.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, because Song Huizong liked the Four Treasures of the Study, he liked calligraphy and painting.

Therefore, the shape of official porcelain is mostly related to the four treasures of the study, calligraphy and painting.

In addition to imitating the shape of traditional bronze wares, official porcelain has added Bogus and other ornaments, which are deeply loved by literati.

The official porcelain of the Song Dynasty was never faded, not painted or painted, not inlaid or inlaid, and pursued a heavy, simple and simple style.

Therefore, agate glaze is particularly important.

Fourth, the glaze color of official porcelain should be pink and green.

Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty believed in Taoism, the unity of man and nature, and the simplicity of the avenue, which is consistent with our country's traditional culture.

And pink green represents the color of life, so it has been developed on top of official kiln porcelain.

Fifth, the glaze color of official porcelain pursues jade texture, which is not only related to raw materials, but also related to firing.

In terms of glazing, the pursuit of thin body and thick glaze, but the more and thicker the glazing, the difficulty of firing will increase.

In the firing process, it is easy to appear flaws, resulting in low firing yield.

During the Huizong period of the Song Dynasty, the cost of firing official porcelain was not considered, so the official porcelain fired at that time had the strongest jade texture and the most classic shape.

As for the production process of official porcelain, how many processes are there? This really needs to be studied carefully.

However, there are more than 70 kinds in all, each of these steps is essential and needs to be studied carefully.

It's just that the most important step in it is the selection of materials.

And this step is not too difficult, except for the formula mentioned earlier, which is Kaifeng soil.

Because the official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty is made of kaolin, which is rich in various mineral elements in the surrounding area of ​​Kaifeng.

After selecting the raw materials suitable for firing Northern Song official porcelain, it is also necessary to understand the internal composition of the material.

Mainly feldspar, calcite, quartz stone, jade agate.

How to match these main materials occupies the majority of the weight, and still needs to be tested.

In addition to these materials, there are also ingredients such as plant ash and limestone.

After the formula is prepared, it needs to be carefully ground.

The raw materials after sinking are refined, crushed, and then ground with professional tools.

Since part of the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty was molded, there was another special process, grouting.

In modern times, this process is generally only used in large-scale industrial products.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, this was an advanced technology.

Of course, this technology is not used casually.

Especially the artisans of the ancient official kilns, even if they used molds to make porcelain, it was different from the modern ones.

The official kiln porcelain produced in ancient times is certainly not comparable to the rough-made grouting goods in modern times.

For example, when the grouting mold is being molded, the shape of the official porcelain is fed back, and the embryo is repaired.

Embryo repair is very important, one more point will make you fat, and one point will make you thinner.

Because the official kiln porcelain has particularly strict requirements on the shape, the shape of the official porcelain is the first element.

After the embryo making is completed, it is biscuit firing.

After the shape is dry, it is then bisque fired, and the furnace temperature reaches more than 900 degrees to finalize the shape.

After that, in order to pursue a thin body and a thick glaze, it needs to be glazed three times. Therefore, the glaze application technique is very critical.

After completing this step, the kiln is installed again.

The kiln installation is definitely not random. After the glazing is completed, the ready-made utensils need to be stacked evenly in the kiln.

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The placement should not be too dense or sparse, which is conducive to the circulation of flames.

Different placement of kilns will also produce different effects.

The upper, middle and lower kiln positions produce different color changes.

The last is kiln firing. In the past, coal and firewood were used to fire kilns. In recent years, due to environmental protection emission requirements, natural gas has been used instead.

In fact, coal burning and wood burning are more popular now.

The so-called coal burning and firewood burning means that we first use firewood and then coal, first use firewood to burn to more than 900 degrees, and then add coal last.

When reducing the atmosphere in the kiln, the mineral components of coal must be used to produce reduction. This is the secondary reduction firing method of official porcelain.

Therefore, there is a saying in the industry: "The success depends entirely on the fire of the kiln master".

Although there is scientific basis, quantitative analysis, thermometers at the kiln mouth, and many technological means, it is still inseparable from the traditional kiln firing experience.

It's just like the Chinese red porcelain fired by Chen Wenzhe before.

No matter what kind of porcelain, no matter what glaze color, as long as modern people are willing to study, they will be able to make more exquisite porcelain.

Therefore, official kiln porcelain is no exception. In terms of technology, the technology of modern people is even more powerful.

He knew that there was a master in China who had passed down and refired official kiln porcelain, and even fired an exquisite work.

This is a rare work with chrysanthemum as the theme.

There is no way, the chrysanthemum is broken, the chrysanthemum has been spoiled by modern people.

However, chrysanthemums are still very beautiful, especially after being made into chrysanthemum porcelain.

Chrysanthemum porcelain is still very special for the Song Dynasty, especially for the city of Kaifeng.

Kaifeng is a historical ancient capital with rich cultural connotations. It has many cultural symbols. It is not only a famous city of calligraphy and painting, but also a famous city of chrysanthemums.

Because the cultivation of chrysanthemums in Kaifeng has a history of thousands of years.

So coming to Kaifeng, not only the city makes people nostalgic, but also the beauty of Kaifeng makes people nostalgic.

Every year when chrysanthemums are in full bloom, the streets and alleys of Kaifeng are full of chrysanthemums, making people linger and forget to return.

This will give rise to the idea of ​​combining chrysanthemums with official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty and allowing guests to take away the "chrysanthemums that never fade".