My system is not decent

Comparing with handed down vessels, we can see that the five-section animal face pattern on the cong-shaped bottle is the only pattern on the official cong-shaped bottle of the Song Dynasty.

For example, the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln cong-style vases were collected in the Wanwan Palace Museum, the Neon Tokyo National Museum, and the British David Foundation.

And in October 1995, Shendu Hanhai Lot 10, the Song official kiln cong bottle, all of which are decorated with five-section animal face patterns;

The carcass of such a cong bottle is flawless, but the sound is like a tile when knocked. This is the most unique, different from the crisp sound of official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Of course, it is also different from the sound of gold and stone imitating official organs in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In particular, the slightly lustrous light gray fetal bone is not as delicate as the official kiln in Jiaotanxia in the Southern Song Dynasty, but it is firmer and far more moist than the Ru kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty.

This is in line with the law of the development of the times, and the condition of the fetal soil in the area where Bianjing is located;

The cong-shaped bottles of this period have thick and moist glazes that look like fat piles, and the glaze surface is slightly uneven, with a small amount of broken bubbles and glaze shrinkage spots.

Different from the smooth and bright glaze surface of Yongqian imitation organ, it should belong to the era style that the Northern Song Dynasty blue glaze should have;

The glaze layer is densely covered with large and small bubbles, which are uneven like "foam and beads".

Unlike Ming and Qing imitation organs, the bubbles in the glaze are relatively neat in size, dense and orderly;

The round foot is wide and thick, the foot is round and round, and the ridge of the foot shows clear bamboo scratches.

This is a common system for the ring feet of Ru Kiln and Longquan Kiln.

It is also the deduction of the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty on the basis of the Ru kiln's square corner box and the large circle foot Ru kiln washing;

The feet are coated with tire-protecting glaze, which has a deep color and luster, which belongs to the craft characteristics of famous kilns in the Song Dynasty.

Typical ones are the Jun kiln, Longquan kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Xiunei official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty. Sesame sauce glaze or ocher red glaze is often used for decoration and to avoid sticking to the kiln;

The inscription is chiseled, and the font is vigorous and standardized. As for whether it was engraved in the Northern Song Dynasty, further research is needed.

However, as far as the word "ji" in inscriptions is concerned, the Song Dynasty has the highest frequency of use among all dynasties.

The most classic application is the Song Dynasty, not only in porcelain, but also in seals, calligraphy and painting, etc., with a distinct flavor of the times.

In addition, in a modern cong-shaped bottle handed down from generation to generation, the originally transparent and colorless openings inside and outside the vessel have shown different degrees of light yellow;

The glaze inside the bottom foot is as bright as before, and the ice cracks are still colorless and transparent.

The first two items are probably related to the sun and moon worship and incense impregnation in "Guanyin Nunnery", as well as the wiping and touching of donors and collectors;

The latter item should be related to the fact that the straight wall of the utensil itself unintentionally acts as a barrier to block the intrusion of the outside world.

These also contain a lot of information, which is the truth about the Song Dynasty Cong style bottle and its strong evidence for nine centuries.

With such a classic shape, Chen Wenzhe naturally imitated it first.

When it was time to imitate the cong bottle, Chen Wenzhe discovered that this kind of bottle is really interesting.

For example, the cong-style bottle first appeared in the Song Dynasty, and it is generally believed that it first appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty.

However, it has been found that the production of cong-shaped bottles has been going on since the Northern Song Dynasty.

Now the Qilu Buyi Zhuang family has a collection of a cong-style bottle from the Northern Song Dynasty.

This confirms that the Cong bottle was first produced in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The collection is 6 centimeters high and 9.5 centimeters wide. The bottom foot and the mouth of the bottle are round, with a diameter of 9 centimeters.

The outside is square and the inside is round, with gossip printing patterns on the outer wall, fine workmanship, smooth lines, regular and atmospheric, and it is molded and synthesized.

The style of imitating the ancients prevailed in the Song Dynasty, and this bottle was modeled after the shape of the jade cong of Liangzhu culture in the Neolithic Age, and changed it.

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Both the official kilns and Longquan kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty had this shape.

Among the jade wares, the cong is generally a square column with a round hole inside, and it is a ritual vessel of the Neolithic period.

The shape of the vessel is a round mouth, a short neck, a long body in the shape of a square column, and the ring foot, mouth, and foot are of the same size.

The inside of the vessel is round and the outside is square, which is like the saying that the sky is round and the earth is round.

"Zhou Li" records: "Use jade as the six vessels, and honor the four directions of heaven and earth. Honor heaven with blue jade, honor earth with yellow cong, honor the east with green jade, honor the south with red chapter, honor the west with white amber, and honor the north with Xuanhuang. "

Porcelain cong-style vases follow the basic shape of jade cong, but the inner circle of jade is round, and the top and bottom are transparent, while the porcelain ones add ring feet and bottoms to evolve into a kind of vase.

Since its appearance in the Song Dynasty, the firing of cong-shaped bottles has also been carried down to the Yuan Dynasty. Cong-shaped bottles were common in Longquan kilns in the Yuan Dynasty.

During the Ming Dynasty, Shiwan Kiln in Guangdong Province produced many such bottles.

Ge kiln also produced cong-style bottles. Although this kind of Ge kiln cong-style bottles are rare, it is not uncommon for later generations to imitate Ge kiln cong-style bottles.

For example, the cong-style vase imitating the eight trigrams pattern of the Ge kiln in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and the cong-style vase imitating the gossip pattern of the Ge kiln in the Qianlong period.

A large number of cong-shaped bottles were fired in official kilns in the Qing Dynasty, including blue and white glaze, green glaze, white glaze, furnace uniform glaze, imitation Jun glaze, imitation official glaze, imitation Ge kiln glaze and other varieties.

What is a famous kiln, in fact, can be seen from the imitations of later generations.

The five famous kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty all have imitations in later generations, such as the imitation Ru glaze, the imitation Ding glaze, the imitation Jun glaze, the imitation official glaze, the imitation Ge kiln glaze and so on.

The earliest porcelain cong bottles were found in the official kilns and Longquan kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the Shiwan kiln of the Ming Dynasty, moon white glaze was often applied to this type of shape.

After entering the Qing Dynasty, the horizontal line decoration on the body evolved into eight trigrams patterns, so it was also called "eight trigrams bottles" in the later period.

This kind of bottle generally has a round mouth, a square body, a straight belly, and a round foot.

The four sides of the body are decorated with raised horizontal and vertical lines, and the mouth is about the same size as the foot.

Different dynasties have their own characteristics in shape.

Song official kiln cong style bottle, the bottle body is short and thick;

Long kiln cong bottle of Song Dynasty, with a long and thin body.

The Longquan kiln of the Yuan Dynasty also fired conjoined cong bottles.

Then there are the Ming and Qing dynasties, all these dynasties added up, the products of the Song Dynasty are still the best and the most rare.

In the auction market, any one is expensive.

In the mid-20s, Christie's in Hong Kong launched a Southern Song Dynasty "pink and blue cong bottle" in a spring auction, which was finally sold for 90 Hong Kong dollars;

At the Shendu Hanhai Autumn Auction, a Song Dynasty official kiln cong-style bottle was launched, which was sold for 902 million yuan.

In the Spring Auction of 2006, two lots were sold in the Shendu Hanhai, one was a Southern Song Dynasty official kiln cong bottle, and the other was a Southern Song Longquan kiln cong bottle.

Among them, the Southern Song Longquan kiln cong bottle was sold for 275 million yuan.

The Ru kiln also produced many cong-style bottles, but the Ru kiln produced a lot of bottles, and the variations of the bottles were relatively rich.

In addition to the well-known dishes, flower pots, and washers, Ru Kiln is probably most famous for its bottles.

There are many kinds of paper mallet bottles, jade pot spring bottles, cong-shaped bottles, gallbladder bottles, etc.

In the Song Dynasty, the ancients began to use porcelain as ritual vessels, and the shapes of porcelain ritual vessels were derived from bronze and jade vessels.

Among them, the jade cong with profound meaning is an important object to be imitated.

Porcelain cong-style bottles follow the basic shape of jade cong, and generally have two shapes, one is a multi-section long cong, and the other is a short square cong.

Among the cong-shaped bottles produced in the Northern Song Dynasty, there are powder-celadon-glazed cong-shaped bottles produced by official kilns, and sky-green glazed cong-shaped bottles produced by Ru kilns.

Cong-style bottles are characterized by square outside and round inside, with a bottom, short upper and lower necks and short ring feet are round, and the body of the bottle has horizontal and straight lines.