My system is not decent

If you want to fire enamel, you have to arrange the porcelain according to the procedure, and then you can start firing the kiln. At this time, the temperature inside the kiln mouth rises sharply.

And the temperature rise is also particular.

Especially when it enters the kiln for the second time, when the lines are being fired, the temperature at this time should be controlled at 850c.

The whole heating process takes 5-6 hours.

During the heating process, the early heating speed should slowly reach 150c, so that the oil and water in the pigment can evaporate smoothly.

In the mid-term, the heating rate is fast, so that the overall temperature of the porcelain quickly reaches 650c.

In the later stage, the temperature rises slowly to 850c, and the gemstone pigment is completely melted, making its expansion coefficient close to that of ceramic glaze water, and the whole heating process is slow-fast-slow;

The last is to cool down. When the temperature reaches the predetermined 850c, stop heating and let it cool down naturally.

The entire cooling time varies according to the season.

The cooling time is 15 hours in summer and autumn, and 7-10 hours in winter and spring.

During the whole slow cooling process, the expansion coefficient of gemstone pigment and ceramic glaze water is close, so that they are completely fused;

This is the first line of firing, and there will be four more firings in the kiln after that.

The second time is painting and firing. The first step is to fire the base color. After the base color is painted, it is naturally dried in the shade and then fired in a kiln.

The conditions for drying in the shade, as mentioned earlier, are also very troublesome.

The next step is the third time to go into the kiln, this time it is color-coded firing.

The first is to register the color, and dry it naturally in the shade after the registration is completed.

According to the difference of the painting surface and the richness of the color, the number of times of color printing needs to be repeated 5-10 times.

The more firing times in the kiln, the lower the firing temperature, and the firing temperature of overglaze painting should be controlled between 600c-850c.

This process is repeated until the final firing is completed.

It is still very easy to make a pen holder. Of course, in order to avoid waste, it is absolutely impossible to fire only one pen holder at a time.

A batch of enamel colored porcelain was made by choosing simple shapes as much as possible, and soon Chen Wenzhe made dozens of pieces.

With so many enamel colored porcelain, as long as one tenth of them are successfully fired, his work will not be considered in vain.

In the process, he also carefully prepared many secret recipes, which can be directly exchanged for money in the ceramic market.

Not to mention anything else, just say pure kaolin, not everyone can prepare it.

Now everyone knows that kaolin is the ore clay used for firing porcelain bodies and painting enamel bodies.

But few people know what kind of kaolin to use.

If you want to make high-quality enamel colored white tires, the first step is to prepare pure kaolin.

Kaolin is resistant to high temperature. Only by firing pure kaolin can the plain tire produce the effect of "white as jade", which is suitable for painting directly on the plain tire.

Therefore, pure "kaolin" is used for firing porcelain bodies and painting enamel porcelain bodies.

How pure is it?Choose a catty for a thousand catties!

Of course, the selection here is definitely not selection, but the use of unique craftsmanship to prepare it.

In addition to this most basic kaolin treatment, the second is to prepare a plain "high temperature glaze"!

White tire tread glaze water is a special high temperature glaze.

Glaze water is made of quartz, feldspar, borax, and clay as raw materials, diluted with water, coated on the surface of porcelain and fired.

In the third step, you need to configure the enamel paint blending oil for porcelain body painting

The pigment blending oil used in Qing palace enamel is Dolmen oil imported from ancient Persia, which has been lost for many years.

But Chen Wenzhe had seen court enamel colored porcelain, and through the glaze on it, he could see how ancient Persia prepared this dolmen oil.

It's a pity that if you want to prepare this kind of Dolmen oil, you must use raw ore materials from Persia, which is the current Langyi country.

Of course, it should also be possible to select mineral materials with similar elemental content.

However, in the end it was different, so Chen Wenzhe didn't make too much trouble.

There are special high-quality imitations of the current enamel glaze blending oil, and it is definitely possible to use it on ceramic works for daily use.

However, when used on high-grade porcelain, special enamel glazes must be used to blend oil, so as to achieve the best painting effect.

You must know that the porcelain body painting of enamel colored porcelain is its essence. At this point, the foundation is the glaze and oil, then the glaze, and finally the painter.

None of these three is more important. It can only be said that if you do not do well with any one, you will not get a good work.

For example, in the last step, at the beginning of painting, the enamel pigment cannot be attached to the ceramic bottom glaze.

If some works are painted forcibly, the color will definitely peel off by itself after firing.

It can be said that there are pits everywhere, and the firing may fail if you are not careful.

If you want to fire successfully, you must first know where there are pits, so that you can avoid these pits.

The first step is to prepare the blending oil. The high imitation palace enamel pigment blending oil synthesized now uses a variety of vegetable oils.

Such as: tea oil, camphor tree oil, etc.

Of course, it is definitely impossible to mix and use randomly, but after many experiments, a higher-quality palace enamel pigment blending oil was developed in proportion.

This not only solves the problem of color development, but also balances the expansion coefficient of the ceramic glaze and the enamel material, and breaks through the problem of the adhesion between the enamel material and the ceramic glaze.

The final fired enamel color must be more delicate and beautiful than the enamel color inherited from the Qing Dynasty.

And this is blending oil, and the most important pigment blending formula.

In this step, the most important thing is to develop a non-toxic pigment blending formula.

At this point, the results of modern scientific testing are a bit strange.

It has been confirmed that porcelain body painted enamel porcelain is non-toxic.

However, through laboratory tests, the content of lead, arsenic, and borate in the enamel pigments of Qing palace porcelain paintings exceeded the standard.

Of course, the content of lead, arsenic and borate in the current porcelain body painting enamel pigments is far lower than the international standard, so the fired porcelain body painting enamel porcelain utensils can be safely used in various occasions;

The key technology in the last step must be the firing of porcelain body painting enamel.

The method and technique of firing porcelain body painting enamel is several times more delicate and complicated than firing other porcelain such as blue and white porcelain and pastel.

In particular, the temperature requirements are higher, and the melting points of enamel pigments are uneven. A complete porcelain body painting enamel artwork must be fired repeatedly from high to low to complete the white body.

Most people dare not try such porcelain easily because the cost is too high.

It's just that Chen Wenzhe is different. He has inheritance experience, and he can even see the final firing effect of the porcelain he made.

Because according to the inherited skills, he knows exactly what this batch of works will be fired in the end.

Generally speaking, this batch of works is fired according to strict ancient techniques, and will eventually present an effect of bright colors, warm and moist like jade, flowers with dewdrops, butterflies with fluff, and as thin as egg curtains.