My system is not decent

After the white body is glazed, it is fired once, and the color can only be adjusted after passing the kiln.

Toning is more involved in the production of enamel colors. If you don't know it, it can be said that you are making mistakes.

This step is to blend pure natural mineral pigments with pigment blending oil in a ratio of 10:1.

Wherein, the hardness of the pure natural mineral pigment is between 7 degrees on the Mohs scale and 10 degrees on the Mohs scale, and the grinding fineness is above 500 mesh.

这时使用50％乳香油、20％松节油、10％蓖麻油、10％艾油、10％活性物质，经高温蒸馏，按100克蒸馏至50克时，调和油蒸馏成功。

Then blend pure natural mineral pigments with pigment blending oil in a ratio of 10:1.

When blending, first use a paint knife to repeatedly press the paint and blending oil so that the paint can fully absorb the oil, and the ratio of paint to oil should be accurate to 10:1;

After doing this step, the last thing is the overglaze color, and this step is more troublesome.

This step needs to burn the lines, this one needs to draw the draft first, and complete the line drawing;

线条绘制完后自然阴干，在晴天平均气温在19c—30c之间、平均空气相对湿度在50％—80％、雨天空气相对湿度60％—90％的条件下，晴天阴干需要2—4小时，雨天阴干需要6—8小时。

而在平均气温在4c—17c之间、晴天平均空气相对湿度40％—70％、雨天空气相对湿度60％—80％的条件下，晴天阴干需要1—3小时，雨天阴干需要2—4小时；

Speaking of this, we still need to focus on the production of white tires, which involves several top-level craftsmanship.

I said before that pure kaolin is needed to make white tires, and after successful production, cold embryos are needed.

Air-drying is one of the natural drying procedures, that is, put the wet billet formed by drawing or other methods on the billet board, and put it on the open-air rack for "sun and wind blowing" to make it dry.

This step can't be done here, but the heat must be controlled. If the cold embryo is not up to standard, there will definitely be problems in firing.

Then there is sharp billet, which refers to the process of placing the drawn billet on the potter's wheel when it is half dry, and trimming it with a knife to make the surface of the device smooth and uniform in thickness.

This process is first to put the yellow mud on the so-called sharp car, and then sit on the car, use special tools to make the surface of the utensils smooth, coherent and consistent in shape, so that the mud shows a bright white color.

This is an extremely important process in ceramic molding, which ultimately determines the shape of the utensil.

The production of enamel colored porcelain is exquisite, and it needs to be repaired internally and externally.

In this step, the sharp billets not only need to be familiar with the properties of the mud, the straight and curved changes of the shape of the utensils, the mud retention and shrinkage of each part during firing, but also the types of grinding. There are more than ten kinds of iron sharp billets. tool.

After completing the above process, it is the first time to enter the kiln, and the temperature is [-] degrees.

After the first firing, it is taken out and painted again.

First hook the line and use the color you need.

Secondly, divide the water, draw the outline color, and use the main color to divide the water.

After completing these two steps, the second kiln firing is carried out, and the temperature needs to reach 380 [-] degrees.

After the second firing in the kiln is completed, the semi-finished vessel embryo is taken out, the pigment that has been fired once is fixed, and then the line is drawn with raw material.

Next is the third firing in the kiln at a temperature of 860 degrees.

After the third firing, color picking!

After the color is picked, it enters the fourth porcelain and is fired in a kiln at 820 degrees.

After the last step of gold mining, it is the fifth time to enter the kiln, with a temperature of [-] degrees, so that a work can be completed.

Therefore, it is very difficult to make enamel color. Its manual production process is complicated and complicated. If there are mistakes in drawing, it will be remade.

It can be said that the reason why the style of each vessel of enamel color is different is that the craftsmen's drawing techniques are different, and the drawn works are also different.

That's why there are Qing Dynasty enamel works, each of which is unique, and its value is naturally high.

It can be said that enamel colored porcelain is the most rigorously produced porcelain product among all colored porcelain in the Qing Dynasty.

Almost all of its shape design, wood-like solid mold making, pattern painting content, drawing personnel, inscription, inscription content, including copying the original, fonts, inscription writers, and finished products, were screened by the emperor himself and strictly controlled before they could be finished.

Of course, as the first porcelain in the official kiln of the Republic, the pen holder made by Chen Wenzhe this time is not so simple.

It can be said that its design, production, mold opening, etc. are no worse than Qing Dynasty official kilns.

It is in accordance with such strict procedures that the first porcelain in modern official kilns can be made.

Now Chen Wenzhe just wants to copy a piece of work, he doesn't need to design, don't use dog pictures, and doesn't even bother to match the color materials.

It's just imitation, which is much simpler.

Of course, what Chen Wenzhe faced were all technical problems, none of which involved the firing in the kiln.

In fact, whether it is Ru kiln porcelain, famille rose porcelain, or metal glazed porcelain such as ruby ​​red glaze, there are great difficulties when firing in the kiln.

Just like enamel color, it is the same situation, it must be put into the kiln five times, and the situation is different every time it is fired.

Under such circumstances, it is not easy to produce a qualified enamel colored porcelain without a kiln firing technique above the master level.

If you don't study it, you don't know. Once you study it, you will be shocked, especially the serious Chen Wenzhe. He really didn't expect that the real firing of enamel colored porcelain is more rigorous than firing Ru kiln.

This is also no way, can the technology of the Northern Song Dynasty be compared with that of the Qing Dynasty?

Can monochromatic glazed porcelain be compared with colorful enamel?

The two don't talk about other things, they are just a blend of glaze and glaze, and they are not at the same level.

Of course, this does not mean that Ru kiln is inferior to enamel color, which is mainly due to the different periods of civilization development.

We must know that the Qing Dynasty accumulated thousands of years more technology than the Northern Song Dynasty, and completed some more difficult tasks, shouldn't it?

Now it falls on Chen Wenzhe, he has accumulated more experience, so naturally he should make better works.

So, since you have to do it, do your best.

This time, Chen Wenzhe fired in strict accordance with the specifications of the royal kiln of the Qing Dynasty, and no process could be wrong.

Enamel is known as the most rigorous porcelain work, and it's not just nonsense.

For example, the steps of firing in the kiln must never be wrong.

Enamel is not ordinary porcelain. When firing, not to mention controlling the temperature and firing time, even the position of the porcelain in the kiln must not be sloppy.

Therefore, the first step in the firing process of enamel color into the kiln is the code kiln.

The code kiln is to put the porcelain with painted lines into the kiln.

This step is not difficult, but you need to know.

In particular, the location should be in the middle of the kiln.

If the number of fired porcelain is small, other porcelain should be used to fill the space in the kiln so that the heat of the kiln is balanced when the temperature rises and falls.