Beiyang reactionaries

Because of the development of China's industry, it was to defend the country at the beginning of the period.So starting from the Qing Dynasty, the so-called industrial construction was mainly for the manufacture of guns.Therefore, a large number of talents have poured into the military industry field.

In order to be the director of the tractor factory well, Li Chengqian first studied in Wuchang Tractor Factory for a period of time after leaving the military factory.Then participated in the assembly work of Shenyang Tractor Factory.But after all, it was his first time in charge of a tractor factory project, and he was the director of a large tractor factory with a designed annual output of [-] vehicles.Still feeling powerless.

American industry and American factories are far superior to other countries in terms of concept and management.The United States is not comparable to other industrial countries in industrial automation and industrial standardization.

It was Li Chengqian's first contact with American technology, American management, and factory management of American machinery and equipment assembly.Li Chengqian studied in Japan and studied electrical machinery in Japan.When he was in the arsenal, he was more influenced by Japanese technology.After all, China's arsenal was greatly influenced by Japan in the early days.Later, after the Sino-German cooperation started, a lot of contact with German technology and German management.

So after serving as the director of Shenyang Tractor Factory, he has to relearn many things.

"Secondly, because the production has just started, there is no tacit cooperation between several factories. I have talked with our chief engineer carefully and learned about their automated production. There must be a perfect relationship between our main factory and supporting factories. Only with cooperation and a complete set of standards can automated production be completed. However, whether it is our main factory or many parts factories, we have little experience in this area, and we are now in the groping stage. Therefore, we do not have enough understanding with each other. Everyone There is a lack of awareness about standards and collaboration. But in this regard, I think as long as everyone works well, it can be resolved after a period of time.”

"kindness."

It's not that Duan Xun praised the United States, but that the United States has definitely made great contributions to industrialized mass production.Their set of industrial standards has a huge role in promoting the development of world industry.

The industrial capacity of the United States has never fully exploded in history.During World War II, just as the United States was about to exert its strength, the war came to an end.But the United States has only made a little effort, and the number of products they produce is already horrifying, to the extent that they can hang their opponents with both hands.

In fact, in terms of the number of machine tools, the number of the United States and Germany during World War II was similar.But in terms of industrial output and factory production efficiency, the United States beats Germany.

This is the industrial strength of the United States.

So Duan Xun knows that although China has absorbed technology from all over the world.However, the direction of China's industrial development still needs to be in line with that of the United States.Follow the path of American industry.

Such as product standardization, production automation and so on.

"In this regard, you should study hard, then sum up the experience, and finally promote it to major factories in our country. Let our industry also take the road of standardization and automation."

"Yes."

"continue."

"The third problem is the problem of talents. The reason why the current production volume is so low has a lot to do with the lack of enough skilled workers and engineers in our factory. In terms of engineers, we have transferred more than 30 people from Wuchang Tractor Factory. A dozen more were brought in from the United States. But it was still far from enough. Because our Shenyang Tractor Factory is not only a main factory, but also has [-] parts factories below. Everyone needs engineers and technical personnel. In addition to engineers, we also have a serious shortage of skilled workers. Because this is the first time for such a large-scale tractor factory in our country, our workers are participating for the first time. The training of skilled workers is seriously insufficient.”

Li Chengqian said here and concluded: "The above factors all restrict the output of the tractor factory. According to our plan, it will take at least two years before the main factory and the parts factory can fully reach a tacit understanding, and we need enough skilled workers. .As for the managers and engineers needed, they must either be imported or cultivated by themselves. Therefore, we plan to release the factory’s output fully and reach the designed annual output in 1935 or 1936.”

Duan Xun was a little silent.

Industry is not something that happens overnight.Take a look at this tractor factory, the complete set of equipment is imported directly from the United States.Including more than a dozen accessory factories built around the tractor factory, all of which are the introduction of complete sets of equipment.

Then American experts came to assemble and debug in person, and now they are also the chief engineer of the factory.But even so, the factory lacks management talents, lacks engineers, and lacks skilled workers, resulting in low output.It will take three or four years to reach the design output.

"Prime Minister Liang, what do you think?"

"Prime Minister Liang, what do you think?"

Duan Xun turned his head and asked Liang Huankui.

Wang Yongjiang is in charge of the Chinese economy.Beginning with monetary policy, finance, industrial construction, and transportation construction are all in charge of each other.Liang Huankui is mainly responsible for industrial construction.Duan Xun's inspection this time is mainly to inspect the industrial construction in Northeast China, so Liang Huankui came here with Duan Xun.

Liang Huankui himself also needs to inspect these industrial areas.

Because looking at the data in Beijing, you can only get a rough idea.Some things must be investigated on the spot and listen to the reports of the front-line managers to understand better.

"The question raised by the factory director, most of the key projects of the Second Five-Year Plan also exist. The situation in Shenyang is not bad. In terms of transportation, education, industrial base, number of workers, and resource reserves, Shenyang still has a lot of opportunities. Advantages. In comparison, the current situation in Xi’an is far worse than here.”

Liang Huankui replied immediately.

Liang Huankui, as the deputy director of the Economic Development Commission and the deputy prime minister in charge of China's industrial construction, is very concerned about the key projects of the second five-year plan.Their situation is also very clear.

"In the same tractor factory, we choose exactly the same machinery and equipment, and the design output is exactly the same. But here in Shenyang, the factory has entered the production stage. But the installation in Xi'an has not been completed yet, so we should go into production no matter what. It will be from September to October. Compared with Shenyang, they lack engineers and skilled workers, and the traffic conditions and education conditions there are even worse than Shenyang. There are many primary and secondary schools in the Northeast, and the number of universities is not small. But Xi'an is different, with poor economic foundation, poor traffic conditions, poor educational foundation, and very few colleges and universities. In the whole of Shaanxi Province, except for Northwest University, which is directly under the Ministry of Education, there is not even a central government department there. There are no universities in China. There are only provincial universities and junior colleges in Xi’an. However, Shaanxi Province’s own economic conditions are not good, and there is not enough education funds at all, so there are few such universities, junior colleges, and even technical secondary schools and technical schools. .”

The Second Five-Year Plan was carried out with great vigor.

However, there are still many problems in the completed factory.Li Chengqian mentioned the problem of Shenyang Tractor Factory, but Liang Huankui's meaning was simpler.Compared with other factories, especially the same tractor factory, Shenyang Tractor Factory has better conditions than Xi'an Tractor Factory.

Xi'an Tractor Factory is really poor and white, with many problems.Although Xi'an is an important town in the Northwest, the Northwest has always been a very poor province.

The economy, transportation and education are very backward.

Under such circumstances, Xi'an has undertaken a large number of projects in the Second Five-Year Plan, which is an opportunity for Xi'an, but it is also a huge challenge.Whether these projects can be digested is a very difficult task.

Duan Xun frowned.

Up to now, the second five-year plan has been halfway through.The second five-year plan was from 1930 to 1934, but in fact it had already begun in the second half of 1929.

In other words, the second five-year plan has been carried out for three years.

Some key projects are under construction in full swing, and some key projects have already started production.For example, the Harbin Ammonium Sulphate Plant currently in Harbin has entered the production stage.

Same as Shenyang Tractor Factory.

However, although these factories have entered the production stage, it will take some time to reach the designed output.After all, China has no experience in many large-scale projects.Now it is discovered that China is still extremely short of technical personnel.

For one reason or another, the output cannot reach the design output.

"If so, the output of the tractor factory in Xi'an will be even lower?"

"should be."

Liang Huankui nodded, and said: "I have contacted that side, and many of their people are inexperienced. In terms of the distribution of engineers, they are far inferior to Shenyang's side. The number of technicians is less than half of Shenyang's side. "

"We have so few students studying mechanics?"

"Yes."

Liang Huankui also smiled wryly and said: "Prime Minister, we originally had few technical schools, and even fewer of them studied the mechanical industry. For example, Beijing University of Technology has always enrolled only 300-500 students. Although it has increased slightly in recent years, it is still less than 4000 students. In addition, because the Ministry of Education implements the policy of developing technical secondary schools and technical schools first, the funding for universities has not increased much. In addition, the number of universities directly under the Ministry of Education has increased a lot in recent years. As a result, the funding for each university has limited growth, so The increase in enrollment is still limited. At present, the five major industrial universities in China, Beijing University of Technology, Northeast University of Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Sichuan University of Technology, Shanghai University of Technology, the total number of students of the five industrial universities is only about [-]. Of course, some universities also have The Department of Mechanical Engineering, but there are only a few dozen students in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in such a school. Now the main force of our industrial technicians is graduates from technical secondary schools and technical schools, but they are too young to take on heavy responsibilities.”

"It's still a matter of education."

Duan Xun sighed.

Although Duan Xun has always attached great importance to education when he came from Sichuan.But so far, China's education situation is still not satisfactory.At present, there are still too few college students trained, and the students trained in technical secondary schools and technical schools are all too young when they graduate.Most technical secondary school students and technical school students are under 20 years old when they graduate.

Such an age is really too young.

Although the shortage of technical personnel can be made up for in large quantities, there is still too little they can do now.Those of them need several years of work experience before they can become mature technicians.

"Yes. At present, in terms of education in our country, the strongest departments are the Department of Geology and the Department of Chemistry. There are the most graduates in this field, and the strength is also the strongest. However, they are also insufficient in the face of current needs. Other aspects Not to mention technical talent."

"What about the imported technicians?"

"Prime Minister, the technicians introduced are far from enough to meet our needs. According to the scale of our industry, there should be millions of industrial technicians, and it should be around 400 million. But now our technicians are seriously insufficient. "

"kindness."

China is huge.

The industrial scale is expanding rapidly, and the number of factories is increasing rapidly.The number of factories in China is increasing every year in units of [-], and each new factory needs [-] technicians.Not to mention the large investment and large construction such as the Second Five-Year Plan, the annual increase in demand for technical personnel is hundreds of thousands.