Beiyang reactionaries

But Zhang Lan didn't give up, so he asked Wu Yunchu, hoping to hear Wu Yunchu's opinion.Because Wu Yunchu is not only an expert in China's chemical industry, but also participated in the establishment of China's first chemical fertilizer plant.

"It is impossible to produce fertilizer plants completely independently."

Wu Yunchu shook his head again and again.

Then he said: "Commissioner Zhang, without the support of a complete set of equipment from Germany this time, it would be impossible for us to establish such a factory. Even if we did not have the guidance of German experts, even if we introduced a complete set of equipment, it would be impossible for us to establish such a factory so quickly. After debugging, it can still be put into production. And even if we are now able to produce, there are still many technical problems waiting for us in the production process, which we need to understand and solve. It is not easy to understand these technologies.”

"What Minister Wu means is that if we want to continue building the fertilizer plant, we can only continue to import equipment from abroad? Is there no other way?"

Zhang Lan frowned deeply.

Zhang Lan really hopes that next year the country's cultivated land will be able to use chemical fertilizers, and that the country's chemical fertilizer industry will develop rapidly.But hearing Wu Yunchu's words, Zhang Lan was very disappointed.

It didn't work.

If all rely on imports, how can the country have so much foreign exchange.China currently imports machinery and equipment and industrial products every year, which is already a trade deficit.

"Yes."

Wu Yunchu nodded.

But Wu Yunchu quickly said: "But there is no need to import a complete set of equipment like this time."

"What does Minister Wu mean?"

"During the equipment commissioning process this time, Engineer Hou and I made a thorough investigation of the current situation of ChemChina. my country's chemical industry has now established a certain foundation, and even some equipment can be produced domestically. A subsidiary of ChemChina Many of the soda-making factories and sulfuric acid factories in China already use our own equipment. Even some necessary equipment can be manufactured in some factories as long as we have the drawings. Therefore, among the factories that produce chemical fertilizers, there are many We can replace the equipment with our own."

Since the Westernization Movement began, half a century of industrial development has yielded certain results.If there is no result at all, it is impossible for the arsenal and shipyard to develop.

Some simple machinery and equipment can be manufactured by China's current industrial capacity.

"What about it?"

After all, Zhang Lan didn't study chemistry, so he didn't quite understand what Wu Yunchu meant.Wu Yunchu immediately said: "Committee Zhang, the complete set of equipment we introduced this time is for the production of two types of fertilizers. One is urea and the other is ammonium sulfate. And they are suitable for different cultivated lands, but they all have the effect of increasing production. , are all chemical fertilizers. However, whether it is to produce urea or ammonium sulfate, ammonia is inseparable. It is just that ammonia is not easy to store, and it is not easy to use directly in industry, so there is synthetic ammonia. Therefore, it can be said that synthetic ammonia is The production of urea and ammonium sulfate is an indispensable part, and it is also the core thing in the chemical fertilizer industry. Not only the chemical fertilizer industry, but also the nitric acid, which is inseparable from the national defense industry, has greatly increased its output since the release of synthetic ammonia. We are completely It is blank, this is the first time to introduce synthetic ammonia production equipment. Moreover, the synthetic ammonia plant has not been around for a long time in the world. The first plant was built in Germany in 1913 before World War I, and it has only been 15 years since this year. Therefore, it is difficult for us to build a synthetic ammonia plant by ourselves in a short period of time. Therefore, in the future, if we want to develop the chemical fertilizer industry and establish a synthetic ammonia plant, we still need to import mainly. Directly introduce synthetic ammonia plants.”

"But it is different in other aspects. my country has many years of experience in the production of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. In the past few years, some sulfuric acid plants built by the chemical group have used our own machinery and equipment. Therefore, in the future To build an ammonium sulfate plant, we can use our own machines for the production of sulfuric acid."

"Including synthetic urea, the principle is not complicated, and everyone understands it. As long as we fully understand the principle, it is not impossible to develop a small synthetic urea factory."

"Besides, I have the same attitude as Engineer Hou. Our country is currently in a tight foreign exchange situation, and we will absolutely not be able to import a complete set of equipment in the future. Because the price of importing a complete set of equipment is too high. We should make a match. Some equipment that we cannot complete is imported and we can produce it ourselves. , can be purchased from China. This can save a lot of money.”

Zhang Lan nodded repeatedly.

Some understand, but there are still many do not understand.

But the key issue is understood.China can manufacture sulfuric acid, since it can produce ammonium sulfate.So Zhang Lan asked: "Since we can produce sulfuric acid independently, how much will it cost if we build another ammonium sulfate plant?"

"That depends on the output."

Wu Yunchu immediately said: "If a factory is built according to the output of the Northern Chemical Factory, the cost will be very high. At present, the price of machinery and equipment with an annual output of 40 tons in the synthetic ammonia factory is at least [-] yuan, or even more expensive. But this The output of large-scale factories is too small. With the increase of output, the price of machinery and equipment is doubled. But after the establishment of large-scale factories, compared with those small factories in the production process, the cost can be greatly reduced. First determine the synthetic ammonia Only by increasing the output can it be able to support the production of sulfuric acid and finally ammonium sulfate.”

"If it is synthetic ammonia with an annual output of about [-] tons, how much ammonium sulfate will be produced each year?"

"One hundred thousand tons. If it is synthetic ammonia with an annual output of 30 tons, then it can be equipped with a sulfuric acid plant with an annual output of 40 tons. If so, it can produce nearly [-] tons of ammonium sulfate and about [-] tons of nitric acid per year. A chemical plant of this scale is not considered too small in Europe and the United States.”

Wu Yunchu replied immediately.

With an annual output of 30 tons of synthetic ammonia, 40 tons of sulfuric acid, [-] tons of ammonium sulfate, and about [-] tons of nitric acid, a chemical plant of this scale is really very powerful.

If there is a country in the world that can produce these machines and equipment by itself, assemble and produce independently.Then such a country's chemical industry is already very developed.Even Japan does not have such capabilities.There are only a handful of countries in the world with such capabilities.

"40 tons of ammonium sulfate?"

Zhang Lan thought for a while, and asked again: "If it is 40 tons of ammonium sulfate, how much arable land can it benefit?"

Wu Yunchu looked at Zou Bingwen, technical director of the Northeast Construction Corps standing on the other side.Zou Bingwen is the technical director of the Northeast Construction Corps and the president of the Northeast Agricultural University established by the Northeast Construction Corps. He single-handedly formed the agricultural technology team of the Northeast Construction Corps.

Zou Bingwen stood up and said to Zhang Lan: "Committee Zhang, we are also exploring the use of urea and ammonium sulfate, because we haven't used it very much. However, according to the introduction of German experts, there are also the use of imported chemical fertilizers in my country in recent years. Looking at it, one mu of land generally uses 40 to [-] kilograms of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. That is to say, if it is [-] tons of ammonium sulfate, it should be able to benefit more than [-] million mu of arable land."

Tens of millions of acres.

This number is quite a lot.

Tens of millions of acres of arable land can use chemical fertilizers, and the increase in production will be several billion catties.With several billion catties of extra grain, it would be able to feed tens of millions of people.

"How much does it cost to build such an ammonium sulfate plant?"

"I think it should not be less than 2000 million. Even if we assemble a lot of domestic machinery and equipment in order to save money, the total price will not be less than [-] million. If it is the introduction of a complete set of equipment like the Northern Chemical Plant, then maybe More than [-] million are needed."

"call--"

Zhang Lan sighed heavily.

1000 million.

This is not a small amount.There is only so much money allocated to the Ministry of Agriculture by the finance department every year, and it is impossible for the Ministry of Agriculture to spend so much money.But Zhang Lan thought for a while and said, "Commander Li (Li Jishen), Minister Fan (Fan Xudong), let's have a good discussion and see what to do."

522

After Zhang Lan inspected the northern chemical plant, he had some ideas about the fertilizer industry.So I went back to Harbin with a few people.

Yin Shousong, the mayor of Harbin, personally arranged a meeting room for them.

The Construction Corps is an army organization, and except for the Basic Construction Corps, the rest of the Northeast Construction Corps is the Heilongjiang Agricultural Construction Corps.Therefore, the headquarters of the Northeast Construction Corps was established in Qiqihar, which is relatively close to the land reclamation site of the Heilongjiang Agricultural Construction Corps, and there is a certain distance from Harbin.Or it should be said that as the Northeast Construction Corps opened up wasteland here, Qiqihar's population is increasing and its status is getting higher and higher.Qiqihar is also the current capital of Heilongjiang Province.

However, although the Northern Chemical Factory is affiliated to the Northeast Construction Corps, it is a chemical factory after all, and it can only develop by relying on a big city like Harbin.Therefore, the northern chemical factory was established in the suburbs of Harbin, very close to the center of Harbin, so Zhang Lan and the others returned directly to Harbin instead of the headquarters of the Northeast Construction Corps.

Harbin is the financial center, trade center, and economic center of Northeast China. It is currently the most developed city in Northeast China. All banks in the country have branches in Harbin.

Harbin is the first stop for European and Russian goods to enter China, and Chinese goods exported to Europe and Russia also come to Harbin first.As well as the goods exported from Europe and Russia to the United States and Canada, the goods exported from China to the United States and Canada, and the goods exported from the United States and Canada to Europe, Russia or China, all must pass through Harbin.Harbin is the absolute center of Far East trade.

Because Harbin has the best location.

Back then, Russia built the Trans-Siberian Railway in order to develop the Far East. The railway passed through China at that time, and the most important city in the middle was Harbin.Therefore, going west from Harbin, you can rely on the Siberian Railway to reach most important cities in Europe.Therefore, when China goes to Europe, many people choose to go to Europe by train from Harbin.Just like the students sent by China to Germany in 1927, they all took the train from Harbin to Germany.Because walking from here shortens the time by more than half compared to taking the sea route.Tickets for most important cities in Europe can basically be purchased directly in Harbin.

And to the east of Harbin is Vladivostok.Because of the Trans-Siberian Railway, it passed through Manzhouli, then passed through Harbin, and finally reached Vladivostok.Vladivostok is the most important seaport in the Far East. Trade between Europe, Russia, China, the United States, Canada, and Japan all pass through Vladivostok.Therefore, Harbin's status is even higher.

Besides, in the northeast region, Harbin relies on the Zhongchang Railway, and it can go directly to Dalian from Harbin.Dalian is the most important seaport in Northeast China.Goods from the Northeast go to Japan, or go south to Shanghai or Guangzhou, they have to go through Dalian.In the past few years, the Northeast Construction Corps has developed Heilongjiang, so a large number of roads have been laid in Heilongjiang, making Harbin's transportation advantages more obvious.

Then there is the Beijing-Harbin Railway.

Harbin can go directly to Beijing, and even because of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Harbin can go directly to Guangzhou.

This is Harbin.

Harbin is the most important big city in the Far East, and its current position in the Northeast is higher than that of Shenyang and Changchun.Harbin itself is the Far East financial center that the central government focuses on building, and because it is a trade center, there are as many as a thousand registered trading companies here.20% of the foreign capital entering China every year flows into Harbin, which can be compared with Shanghai.

And the development of light industry in Harbin is also very good.Because with the development of the Northeast, the Northeast has become a food producing area.Relying on this, Harbin has developed flour, bread, alcohol, beer and other industries.There are more than 30 flour mills in Harbin alone.There are more than a dozen breweries, and there are also many bakeries specially provided to foreigners.