Beiyang reactionaries

China Airlines was established in Beijing, and the declared routes did not go south except for the route to Shanghai.The main routes applied by China Airlines are Beijing to Qingdao, Beijing to Shenyang, Beijing to Changchun, Beijing to Harbin, basically all routes going north.Mainly to prepare for Shandong and Northeast routes.

In addition to the route to the north, China Airlines also plans to open a route to the northwest.Such as Beijing to Taiyuan, Beijing to Xi'an these lines.It's just that these are still in the plan.

As for Eurasia Airlines, it has great ambitions.

The airlines currently established in China fly for a few hours, at most about [-] kilometers.However, many of the routes declared by Eurasia Airlines are long-distance routes.Of course, with the current aircraft technology, long-distance flight routes need to be turned several times, with multiple stops in between.

Because Eurasia Airlines has the blood of Lufthansa, it even applied for the route from Shanghai to Germany.Fly from Shanghai to Beijing, from Beijing to Manzhouli, and then into Siberia.Finally flew from Siberia to Soviet Europe, and finally from Soviet Europe to Germany.

Or fly from Shanghai to Beijing, from Beijing to Xi'an, from Xi'an to Lanzhou, and then enter Xinjiang from Lanzhou.Entered the Soviet Union through Xinjiang, and finally flew from the Soviet Union to Germany.

Since its inception, it has wanted to open up international routes.

Ambitious.

Although the Civil Aviation Administration issued licenses to these three companies, they basically shot down all the ambitious route applications of Eurasia Airlines.Because the route they applied for is too outrageous, anyway, the current situation in China is very difficult to accomplish this.Not to mention other things, there are very few military airports in northwest cities, let alone civilian airports.However, Eurasia Airlines has good strength and enough experience after all.Therefore, the applications for the routes from Shanghai to Beijing, Shanghai to Guangzhou, and Shanghai to Chongqing were all approved.

In this way, in 1928, China's civil aviation officially became independent and began to become an independent means of transportation.This year, there were six civil airlines in China, and the number of aircraft reached 33.

Variety.

Among the thirty planes, there are planes from the United States, planes from the United Kingdom, planes from Germany, and planes made by China itself.

"Minister Wu, how is the situation?"

When the Civil Aviation Administration was established and the civil aviation market began to develop, many people gathered in Harbin.Zhang Lan, Minister of Agriculture, Li Jishen, Commander-in-Chief of the Construction Corps, Fan Xudong, Minister of Chemical Industry, Hou Debang, Chief Engineer of the Chemical Industry Department, Deng Yanda, Commander of the Northeast Construction Corps, and Zou Bingwen, Technical Director of the Northeast Construction Corps were all present as cabinet members.

Because at the end of May 1928, one of the terms of cooperation in the Sino-German military cooperation, the machinery and equipment of the synthetic urea factory built with German aid was completed.In July 5, the factory was officially put into operation.

It was named Northern Chemical Plant.

The Germans are still very reliable in doing things.China promised the Germans to test their new weapons in China, and there was no delay in what Germany promised China.

Since German military experts came to China in May 1927, machinery and equipment from Germany have been continuously shipped to China. In April 5, all machinery and equipment came to Harbin, and all machinery and equipment were debugged at the end of May.This is a complete set of factory equipment.

This is not a simple factory for the production of synthetic urea. It is a chemical factory that starts with the production of synthetic ammonia and then produces nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ammonium sulfate, and then the machinery and equipment for the production of synthetic urea.

The direct introduction of a full set of equipment, although not a factory with high output, has everything that should be available.As the saying goes, although a sparrow is small, it has all five internal organs, and this time the factory that cooperated with Germany is like this.It has everything it should have, but because of the small output, it can only be said to be a small factory.But for China, it is not easy.

When Fan Xudong and Hou Debang were in China National Chemical Corporation, China National Chemical Corporation already had factories for refined salt, soda ash and sulfuric acid.With this cooperation with Germany, China's chemical industry can be said to have a relatively complete foundation.The main reason is that China itself has been able to produce the most basic triacid and dialkali in the chemical industry.

With these foundations, China's chemical industry may continue to develop.

"Very well, everything is going very smoothly. With the help of German experts, after debugging during this period, we have mastered the use of the machine and can produce it on a small scale."

Wu Yunchu spoke excitedly.

Wu Yunchu is China's "MSG King".He did not have a distinguished academic background, but was admitted to the Shanghai Ordnance Academy of the Ministry of the Army at the age of 15 to study chemistry part-time, and became a talented student appreciated by his teacher Du Bo through his hard work and studious.Learn step by step in practice, starting as an apprentice, and became a chemist at Hanyang Iron Works because of the recommendation of Du Bo, a German.Wu Yunchu, who was only in his 20s at the time, succeeded in several experiments one after another, so he became the head of the physics and chemistry department and the pharmaceutical (explosives) department of Hanyang Armory.It can be described as an inspirational representative of the chemical industry.

Later, the military equipment department sorted out the arsenals across the country, and thought that the arsenals discarded too much waste every year.And none of these scraps are complete rubbish, on the contrary they contain a lot of good stuff.Therefore, the military equipment department established Wuhan Chemical Factory to reprocess the waste from Hanyang Iron Factory and Hanyang Arsenal.

Wu Yunchu used electrolysis to produce potassium chlorate from these wastes.Potassium chlorate is mainly used in explosives, fireworks, firecrackers, high-grade safety matches and so on.Wu Yunchu became the director and chief engineer of Wuhan Chemical Plant when he was less than 30 years old, and began to produce potassium chlorate.The company has developed rapidly. Wuhan Chemical Plant is currently the largest potassium chlorate manufacturer in the country. Now half of the potassium chlorate needed by Chinese fireworks and firecracker manufacturers and match factories is provided by Wuhan Chemical Plant.

Later, he started to get involved in the field of MSG. After studying Japanese products, he produced MSG in less than a year.The monosodium glutamate he produces is no worse than Japanese products, and it is cheaper than Japanese products.The two started in Shanghai, where the competition in China's MSG market is fierce.Just when they were fighting to the death, it happened that China and Japan confronted each other in 1923, and as a result, domestic anti-Japanese sentiments rose.Just one year later, that is, in 1924, the monosodium glutamate produced by Wu Yunchu had already dominated the monosodium glutamate market in China.Wu Yunchu is also known as the "king of monosodium glutamate".

The Construction Corps needs a leader to build a fertilizer plant in Harbin.Because of Wu Yunchu's achievements in the field of Chinese chemistry, as well as his own knowledge of German and familiarity with German machinery and equipment.Therefore, Li Jishen personally invited Wu Yunchu to go north to serve as the Minister of Agriculture and Chemistry of the Construction Corps.

Wu Yunchu didn't hesitate at all, and after arranging the affairs under his hands, he came to Harbin.

This is common in this day and age.Due to the lack of talents, the government recruits talents from schools, from private companies, and from businessmen.

For example, Ding Wenjiang was transferred by the school, Fan Xudong was a successful businessman, and Hou Debang was the chief engineer of China National Chemical Corporation. They all work in government departments now.

The same goes for Wu Yunchu.

Hearing that he was going to be responsible for the construction of the chemical fertilizer industry under the Construction Corps, he immediately agreed.For more than a year, Wu Yunchu and Hou Debang have been in Harbin, responsible for debugging the machines from Germany, while attending classes at Northeast University of Chemical Technology to train chemical talents.

"Can our country build fertilizer plants independently?"

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"Can we build our own fertilizer plant?"

After turning around, Zhang Lan asked Wu Yunchu directly.The chemical fertilizer plant built with German aid is very good, anyway, Zhang Lan is very satisfied.I have only heard of chemical fertilizers before, but this is the first time I have seen a chemical fertilizer factory.As the fertilizer plant aided by Germany is located in Harbin, Asian countries have also begun to have their own fertilizer plants.

From the perspective of the Far East, this fertilizer plant is really not small, on the contrary, it is the largest fertilizer plant in the Far East.Annually produce [-] tons of synthetic ammonia, [-] tons of sulfuric acid, [-] tons of ammonium sulfate, [-] tons of nitric acid, and [-] tons of synthetic urea.

In the Far East, this is not only the largest chemical fertilizer plant, but even a first-class chemical plant.The scale is so large that the entire Far East region, including Japan, is ranked as the top chemical plant.

It seems that the scale is really not small, and the output is not low, but in fact it is nothing.

Because [-] tons of synthetic urea, if used on corn fields, can be used on about one million mu, or even less than one million mu.One million mu of arable land is a lot for an individual, but it is insignificant for a country like China.

The amount of cultivated land in China is currently around 20 billion mu, and one million mu of cultivated land is only one-two thousandth of China's total cultivated land.Don't compare it with the whole country. For the Heilongjiang Construction Corps alone, one million mu is too little.

In 1928, the Northeast Construction Corps continued to expand in size. At the end of 1927, the Northeast Construction Corps recruited recruits from 1600 divisions again, and the current size of the Northeast Construction Corps has reached [-] divisions.With so many officers and soldiers, and the introduction of tractors and a large number of cattle, the area of ​​cultivated land opened up by the Northeast Construction Corps continued to expand.So far, the Northeast Construction Corps has reclaimed [-] million mu of cultivated land.

Million acres?

It is only one-sixteenth of the arable land under the Northeast Construction Corps.

Too little.

It doesn't work at all.

Only one million mu can use chemical fertilizers, which is of little use to China's agriculture.When the grain production is counted, it is estimated that there are some changes in the latter fraction.

Zhang Lan was really anxious during this time.Especially after the 1927 census data came out, Zhang Lan was even more urgent. The population is 6.3 million, and in a few years it will be 7 million, 8 million, and 9 million.How much food will be needed at that time, even thinking about it makes me shudder.Zhang Lan understands that once China's food is insecure, the whole country will have problems at that time.

Therefore, he would rather take the risk of offending a large number of departments than win the command of the corvee to the Ministry of Agriculture.Because for agriculture, water conservancy facilities are very important.With perfect water conservancy facilities, not only can the area of ​​cultivated land be greatly expanded, but also it can effectively prevent floods, droughts, and locust plagues.

But again, water conservancy facilities are the most expensive, because too much manpower is used.

But where does the Ministry of Agriculture have money.Although the cabinet headed by Duan Xun said that agriculture is important every day, its support for the Ministry of Agriculture is very limited.Most of the government's finances are invested in industry.

So Zhang Lan wants to fight for everything he can.Because the Ministry of Agriculture is short of money, the water conservancy facilities have not been able to keep up in recent years.This time, the corvee was won in order to quickly build water conservancy facilities.

But none of these can lead to a leap forward in agriculture.

Chemical fertilizer, only chemical fertilizer is an epoch-making invention.The more Zhang Lan learned about the effects of chemical fertilizers, the more anxious he became.The use of chemical fertilizers can increase grain production by at least 30%, and many agricultural experts say that reasonable use of chemical fertilizers can increase production by 40% to 60%.

If this is the case, Chinese agriculture will really have nothing to fear.

That's why Zhang Lan asked Wu Yunchu so eagerly.Can China build its own chemical fertilizer plant, and can China's chemical fertilizer industry develop.Zhang Lan had discussed with Fan Xudong and the others before, but they both said that under the current situation in China, it is not easy to develop the fertilizer industry.

It is difficult to develop the fertilizer industry in a short period of time.