Beiyang reactionaries

After some discussions, in June 1926, the cabinet decided to establish the Civil Aviation Administration and incorporated them into the Air Force sequence.Because all the airports currently owned by China are military airports and are controlled by the military.Civilian airlines must also use military airfields and the support of the Air Force before they can use the aviation field.

After the establishment of the Civil Aviation Administration, there are a total of three airlines applying nationwide.One is Swire Airlines established by the British Swire Group, the other is Shanghai Airlines established by the Shanghai Municipal Government, and the other is Wuhan Airlines established by the Air Force itself.

For China, civil aviation is a new thing.

Now reporting to the cabinet is Air Force Commander-in-Chief General Qin Guoyong.Originally, the Civil Aviation Administration, as a subordinate unit of the Air Force, was not worthy of Qin Guoyong's personal report to the cabinet.It's just that the Shanghai Municipal Government believes that it is very inconvenient for civil airlines to use military airports.Because of the use of military airfields, every take-off needs to be discussed with the military and must be approved by the military.The result is that the efficiency is too slow, affecting the development of China's aviation industry.

Therefore, the Shanghai municipal government put forward opinions to the cabinet, hoping to separate the civil aviation market from the military.It also allows local governments to build their own civilian airports instead of using military airports.I also hope that the government will make some regulations in the aviation field, and clarify the military aviation field and the aviation field of civil airlines.

The main reason is to hope that civil aviation will develop independently.Therefore, in the cabinet meeting, the development of civil aviation will enter the cabinet agenda.

"Commander Qin, tell us about the potential of our country's aviation market."

Duan Xun asked Qin Guoyong directly.

After all, aviation is a new thing, and many people in the cabinet don't understand it.The Civil Aviation Administration under the Air Force has been observing the development of China's aviation market for the past year and a half.

So they are the ones with the most say.

"Prime Minister, I am a soldier, and the Civil Aviation Administration is also managed by the military. What we have done in the past year and a half is to coordinate the flights of several airlines and make statistics on the development of the airlines. Therefore, I can only provide Regarding the figures of the civil aviation market during this period, I dare not make any statement on the potential of the aviation market.”

Qin Guoyong is very cautious.

He's a soldier, he's the commander in chief of the Air Force.His task is to develop the Chinese Air Force, not to care about the development of civil aviation.This is not something he should consider.

"Commissioner Yu, you are in charge of the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Railways, and the General Post Office. You are responsible for the development of national transportation. Although civil aviation is a new thing, it is also a new transportation model. Tell me about the development of the civil aviation market. prospect."

"it is good."

Yu Youren nodded.

He was not polite at all: "Civil aviation is currently in a state of development, but I am very optimistic about the future civil aviation market. When the railway was first developed, there was a lot of resistance and there were many criticisms. Because when the railway first appeared, the speed No, the transportation capacity is limited, and it has been hindered by many conservative forces. But now railway transportation has become the most common mode of transportation for land transportation, and it is also the most affordable transportation method for land transportation. The advantage of railway transportation is that compared with the previous horse-drawn carriage transportation It is said that the fast speed and sufficient capacity will greatly reduce transportation costs.”

"Then let's talk about the situation of civil aviation. Airplanes have an incomparable advantage in speed, which is incomparable to any other means of transportation. Of course, there are many problems in civil aviation now. They use military airports and are afraid of bad weather. The weather, capacity is limited, air tickets are expensive, and many people are afraid of flying. However, I believe that these shortcomings will change with the improvement of aircraft technology. However, the advantage of aircraft speed is something that no one can ignore. , is also the biggest feature of the plane. Now it takes about a week from Beijing to Shanghai. Even if it is faster, it will take about four days. But if it is by plane, it will take seven or eight hours, or ten hours. This is why the plane is huge advantages, advantages that no one can ignore."

"The Ministry of Communications has also obtained a copy of the data on the domestic civil aviation market. Since Shanghai Airlines opened the Beijing-Shanghai line, it has decided to make one flight a week, and the number of passengers transported at a time is between four and six. But after the opening, because the business was good, it became a flight every three days. In 1927, the passenger transport volume exceeded 500. And this line is still in short supply. That's why Shanghai Airlines is preparing to make a new one Buy three planes to strengthen the strength of the airline. In addition to Shanghai Airlines, Swire Airlines has also opened up the line from Beijing to Shanghai, and the business is not bad. In this way, the potential of the Beijing-Shanghai line is still very large. Thousands of passengers per year should not be a problem. At present, the air ticket price from Beijing to Shanghai is more than 2000 yuan. Shanghai Airlines operates this route a year, and the passenger revenue is more than 100 million. The annual market of this route is in Around 500 million."

"And China is not just the two big cities of Beijing and Shanghai. Wuhan, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Changsha, Qingdao, Tianjin, and the big cities in the northeast, there are many cities with a population of more than one million. These are the big cities that can develop aviation in the future. Market. Calculated in this way, China's aviation market should be tens of millions or more. In the future, when passenger transportation and cargo transportation develop together, it is possible for the annual aviation market to reach hundreds of millions or hundreds of millions. That is to say, the potential of my country's aviation market is very huge."

"kindness."

Duan Xun nodded.

Looking at Wang Yongjiang, he said, "Prime Minister Wang, what do you think?"

"Commissioner Yu (Yu Youren) has made it very clear. China's current aviation market has just developed, and the routes opened up are very limited, but it is still very optimistic in terms of development. If more cities can be opened At that time, China's aviation market will continue to expand. China is a country with a large population. As long as one in ten thousand people in our country takes an airplane, the annual aviation market is also very amazing. Therefore, the potential of China's civil aviation market should be It is very big. The Shanghai Municipal Government’s proposal is very good. It can separate the Civil Aviation Administration from the Air Force, and let it combine with civilian capital and develop independently. As long as there is a market, China’s airlines can develop. Airlines must develop. It is to increase the company's aircraft. This will bring a lot of aircraft orders. As long as some of these orders are handed over to our aircraft manufacturers, it will be a good thing for our country's aircraft manufacturing industry. And we will no longer use military airports. Cities must build civil airports. The construction of civil airports will bring new development to the local area. Therefore, I agree that the Civil Aviation Administration should be independent and set up a separate department like the Ministry of Communications."

Wang Yongjiang is in favor of the independence of the Civil Aviation Administration.

If China's civil aviation can really develop, it will form a new market in China.The great development of civil aviation may promote the great development of China's aircraft manufacturing industry.

And new things, if they can make money, are likely to attract a lot of private capital.Just like when coal mining and railway construction developed, many private capitals were willing to invest.

"Commander Qin, what do you Air Force think?"

"I agree."

Qin Guoyong nodded happily.

The Air Force is for war, and Qin Guoyong thought it was useless to manage the Civil Aviation Administration before.On the contrary, things are too trivial and affect the development of the Air Force itself.

So he said directly: "Prime Minister, our air force also strongly supports the development of civil aviation. Because whether it is the construction of civil airports, the pilots trained by civil aviation itself, or the ground handling of civil aviation, they can be completely independent of the military. It does not cost the air force military expenditures. But when there is a war, these civil aviation pilots and ground crews can be directly incorporated into the army. Those civilian airports can also be directly used as military airports.”

Qin Guoyong is a soldier.

What I think about is how to fight and how to win.He is already considering that after the independence of the Civil Aviation Administration, those airlines will train their own pilots, and they can be recruited by the Air Force when needed in the future, and they can directly participate in the war when they come to the army for a little training.Including the airport they built, can be requisitioned in the future.

"Ha ha."

Duan Xun smiled slightly.

But I really agree with Qin Guoyong's idea.If it is just the Air Force that trains pilots and ground crews themselves, I don't know how much it will cost.Although China's military spending has been rising, China is too big after all, with too many troops, and its military spending has always been insufficient.But if these are also delegated to those airlines, they can be requisitioned when something happens in the future.

This can be regarded as the way of training pilots among the people.

"Okay. Then let's separate the Civil Aviation Administration from the Air Force and form our Civil Aviation Administration."

521

On February 1928, 2, the Civil Aviation Administration of China became independent from the Air Force and formally established the Civil Aviation Administration of China.The Directorate General of Civil Aviation became a direct department under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet.

Compared with the cabinet department, the level is the same, but the status is different.

Such as the Ministry of Transport, it is a constituent department of the cabinet.During the enlarged meeting of the cabinet, the Minister of Communications is eligible to participate, to express his views, and to vote.However, the General Administration of Civil Aviation is only a department directly under the cabinet management, and they are not eligible to vote in the enlarged cabinet meeting.

With the independence of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation from the Air Force, the Cabinet introduced the Civil Aviation Act, officially separating civil aviation and the Air Force.Everything has to be separated.

Start with the airport.

Because civil aviation has always used military airports before, all the current airports in China are military airports.Therefore, CAAC has given all airlines a six-month buffer period.Until August 1928, 8, civilian airlines could still use military airfields, and the military had to cooperate.But after that day, civilian airlines can no longer use military airfields without military approval.

The cabinet officially determined that major cities in China can build civil airports in the future.

However, although airport construction has begun to be liberalized, it is not blindly building airports, and the procedures are still very complicated.All civil airports to be built, whether invested by the government or private capital, must first be approved by the local government.Then it will be reported to the Civil Aviation Administration, and after the approval of the Civil Aviation Administration, it will be reported to the Economic Development Planning Commission.Only after finally waiting for the approval of the Economic Development Planning Commission and the Air Force, can the civil airport be formally built.

As soon as this article was announced, the Shanghai Municipal Government took the lead in requesting to build an airport in Shanghai.Because now Shanghai is the most economically developed city in China, the city with the largest number of factories in China, and the place where rich Chinese gather.Shanghai's aviation market is the most developed, and now it needs to develop the aviation market the most, so it is also the most active.After the Shanghai Municipal Government applied for the construction of an airport, soon Beijing and Wuhan began to apply for the construction of a civil airport.

In addition to releasing civilian airports, the General Administration of Civil Aviation has formally reached an agreement with the military.Begin to divide some air domains, the no-fly zone set by the military, and civilian aircraft cannot fly.And some air fields that have been released are directly handed over to the Civil Aviation Administration for distribution, and no military approval is required.

This can greatly improve efficiency.

After all, it is too much trouble to get military approval for every flight.Now some air domains are officially assigned to the Civil Aviation Administration of China, giving the Civil Aviation Administration of China more autonomy.When an airline flies, it only needs to report to the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

At the same time as the establishment of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the applications for the establishment of three airlines were successively approved, and airline operating licenses were issued to them.

They are Southwest Airlines, a joint venture between the Chongqing Municipal Government and Sichuan businessmen, with its headquarters in Chongqing.There is also a Chinese airline invested and established by the Ministry of Communications and the Beijing Municipal Government, headquartered in Beijing.The last one is Eurasia Airlines, a joint venture between the Ministry of Communications of China and Lufthansa, with its headquarters in Shanghai.

Because it is in the early stages of development.

Therefore, the Civil Aviation Administration of China does not have many restrictions on airlines.As long as the applicant airlines have qualified pilots and two aircrafts, CAAC will recognize them and approve their establishment, no matter who the boss is.

However, although it is easy to obtain approval, when they are established, they must explain the routes they intend to develop.Because the Civil Aviation Administration has obtained the air domain surrendered by the military, it will start to allocate the air domain.

Your route must be reported to the Civil Aviation Administration of China and approved by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.You can't just fly wherever you want.

Therefore, the Civil Aviation Administration has to confirm their routes and then make arrangements for their flights.

What Southwest Airlines wants to open up is the route between several important cities in the Southwest and Northwest.Mainly centering on Chongqing, develop several routes from Chongqing to Chengdu, Chongqing to Kunming, Chongqing to Guiyang, and Chongqing to Xi'an.As for the lack of customers, airlines are not too worried.Because their flights are not completely fixed, when there are no passengers, their planes can be grounded for a certain route.Moreover, the current planes are not very big, and they can carry four to six people in one flight.So there is no problem flying once a week between some cities.