Beiyang reactionaries

"The third is the chemical fertilizer industry that is currently emerging in European and American countries. This is a truly epoch-making invention in the history of agriculture, and it can really increase the yield per mu by a large amount. According to news from Europe, the yield per mu can be at least as high as that after using chemical fertilizers." An increase of 30%, or even an increase of more than 50%. If my country's chemical fertilizer industry can develop, then my country's grain output can have a huge leap forward. It is not impossible for my country's grain output to exceed 5000 billion catties. If our country’s annual grain output exceeds 5000 billion catties, then our country will be able to feed a population of one billion.”

"So from the perspective of our Ministry of Agriculture, the best way now is to increase the area of ​​arable land and strive to increase the yield per mu. Increasing the area of ​​arable land has been going on, but the construction of water conservancy facilities has been slow. To increase the yield per mu, in addition to promoting Apart from sowing corn and sweet potatoes, other aspects require more science and technology. But our country’s foundation in this aspect is too poor.”

"kindness."

Zhang Lan made it very clear.

Duan Xun nodded and said: "Biao Lao, how about this. You discuss with the Construction Corps, the Ministry of Water Resources, and the Food Bureau to come up with a plan. Let's see how we can increase the area of ​​cultivated land, how to increase the yield per mu, and how to store it. food."

As soon as the population problem came out, the most anxious thing was the Ministry of Agriculture.Everyone is most worried about the food problem.Therefore, Duan Xun attached great importance to Zhang Lan's meaning.

Agriculture must be planned.

to ensure population growth.

"it is good."

521

1927 was a very lively year for China.

This year was the first year after the signing of the "Sino-Japanese Tianjin Trade Agreement". The trade volume between China and Japan suddenly increased by more than ten times, quickly surpassing the peak of Sino-Japanese trade in 1921.Japan's imports of raw materials from China have greatly increased, and the import of coal alone has exceeded 5000 million.Imports of other iron ore, tungsten ore, antimony ore, and tin ore also skyrocketed.

In particular, iron ore imports have really skyrocketed, resulting in a rapid increase in Japanese steel production.

The same is true for China.

Import a large amount of materials from Japan.

The prosperity of trade between China and Japan has driven the economies of the two countries.Japan's problematic industry began to shine again after receiving orders from China.In the past few years, Japan's industry has been too poor, there are too many unemployed workers, and Japanese cities are also in trouble.However, after the industry began to recover, the unemployment rate was greatly reduced, stabilizing Japanese society.The recovery of Japanese industry has led to the rapid development of China's mining industry.

More than that.

The cooperation between China and other countries is also becoming more and more frequent.

Germany began to send a large number of military experts to China in May 1927.A lot of machinery and equipment followed, and until August, Germany had established a test site in China.

where?

After all, it was a secret cooperation, which could have been blatant, so the territory allocated to Germany by the Ministry of Military Affairs was Shanxi.Because Shanxi is backed by the Taiyuan Arsenal, and Shanxi's mining industry has developed very well in recent years, which has driven Shanxi's traffic.Although Taiyuan is not as good as the industrial cities of Wuhan and Chongqing, Shanxi is far away from the prosperous areas of China.

Experiments can be done in a hidden way.

And although Shanxi is far away from the bustling place, there is Taiyuan Arsenal after all.The foundation of Taiyuan Arsenal was laid when Yan Xishan was there, but at that time Taiyuan Arsenal was only a small arsenal.Among the six major arsenals in China that the Ministry of Equipment focused on building later, the Taiyuan arsenal was also impressively listed.

Therefore, Taiyuan Arsenal has received key support from the Equipment Department in recent years, so its strength has developed rapidly.

Around Taiyuan Arsenal, Taiyuan has also developed a series of heavy industries.Although it is not as powerful as Sichuan Arsenal, Hanyang Arsenal, and Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, its strength is quite good.

It can just cooperate with the experiments of German military experts.

Of course, the military cooperation with Germany is secret.Both sides are very low-key.However, after entering 1927, German industry developed further.Just as the U.S. economy was booming before the Great Depression, so was Germany.Germany has also gradually shaken off the impact of World War I, and its industrial output has been rising.

The increase in industrial output has increased Germany's demand for resources.Just look at the demand for tungsten ore. In 1927, Germany’s demand for Chinese tungsten ore reached 1927 tons.Including the demand for tung oil, it has already reached one-third of that of the United States. It can be seen that the German industry has recovered to a considerable extent.Therefore, after entering [-], China's exports to Germany continued to rise.

In 1927, China's exports of materials to Germany soared, but many import orders were given to Japan, so imports began to decline, and China had a trade surplus with Germany for the first time.But China quickly wiped out this surplus.

Because in 1927, China once again decided to send overseas students to study abroad on a large scale.This is also one of the cooperation projects between China and Germany, and the number of overseas students sent by the government has reached 3000.Their study abroad covers all fields of industrial technology, and there are people from all science and engineering departments to study.

A large number of foreign students immediately wiped out the surplus.

Of course, China and the United States cooperated the most in 1927.A large amount of American funds has poured into China, and various controversial cooperations are also increasing.The Ministry of Commerce has even approved the exploration of oil and the establishment of steel plants in China.

Economically speaking, 1927 was really hot.

However, this year was not only economically lively, but also politically, 1927 was quite lively.Because in China in 1927, new local council elections began at the local level.

Elections begin with county councils.

不过才刚刚开始。1927年的10月份进行全国的县议会选举，1928年的4月份进行全国省议会选举，到了1928年10月份进行国会选举。

After the congressional elections were over, the presidential and cabinet prime minister elections would be held in March 1929.This is the election plan made by the Provisional Senate.

This is the fifth year since Congress was suspended for lack of a quorum and replaced by a provisional Senate.Next year is the sixth year, so it becomes the most interesting thing to watch in politics.

After all, many changes have been made in this parliamentary election.

Voters alone make a lot of difference.Unlike before, there were many restrictions on voters. In this parliamentary election, as long as it is above, it does not matter whether it is male or female, whether it is rich or not, it does not matter whether it is Han or ethnic minorities, it does not matter whether they are rich or not. Those who are educated or illiterate are eligible to participate in elections.Calculated in this way, the number of voters eligible to vote in the country has reached 4 million.

Therefore, the end of 1927 was full of excitement.

"In 1927, there were three airlines under the management of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and the total number of aircraft of the three airlines was 14 aircraft. The annual passenger transport volume was 3700, and the total turnover of transportation was 77 ton-kilometers. However, the three of them planned in 1928 Eight new planes will be purchased every year, and the annual passenger transport volume is expected to exceed 8, with a total turnover of more than 6000 ton-kilometers. And just now, two companies have applied for the establishment of an airline company.”

The busy 1927 passed.

Entering 1928, various departments are summing up the achievements of 1927.On the whole, China's economic development in 1927 was very fast, exceeding the original expectations.

From the central government to the local government, fiscal revenue has increased by a large margin.Other data are also very good-looking, from agricultural data, various mineral output data, steel industry data, power generation data, railway mileage and road mileage data, etc., are all very good-looking.Overall, China in 1927 achieved amazing results in construction.

Of course, among these achievements, some departments are proud, while others are frustrated.

The most proud is the Ministry of Industry, especially the mining industry-based heavy industry department is in the best mood.Because the center of the Ministry of Industry was transferred to the mining industry in 1927, China's mining industry developed by leaps and bounds.

Just look at coal production.In the original five-year plan, the Ministry of Industry planned that by 1928 coal production would reach 1927 million tons.However, in 1.4, China's coal production had reached [-] million tons, making it the second largest coal production country in the world.

Even adding up some small non-governmental coal mines that cannot be counted, the national coal output may reach 1.5 million tons.Coal is currently the most important energy source in China. The great development of the coal industry will not only bring huge foreign exchange to China, but also bring the most basic guarantee to China's industry.

And the steel industry.

Originally, China's steel industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and it has cooperated with Japan and Germany.In 1927, China even signed an astonishingly large deal with the U.S. Steel Corporation.In Benxi and Anshan there will be large iron and steel factories set up.The Benxi Iron and Steel Works invested and constructed by the US Steel Corporation has begun to install equipment.The Anshan Iron and Steel Plant, which was built with the help of US Steel, is also under construction.Once these two steel plants start production, it will greatly promote the development of China's steel industry.

It's all very happy.

The only department that was missing in 1927 was the Department of Transportation.In order to develop the mining industry, the Ministry of Communications, which originally allocated a large amount of funds every year, reduced expenditures, and the saved funds were invested in the mining industry.

And it's not just this that's lost.

And at the cabinet meeting at the end of 1927, everyone unanimously decided that food security is the most important thing at present, even more important than transportation development.Therefore, the opinions put forward by cabinet member Zhang Lan and the Ministry of Agriculture were adopted, and the national corvee first obeyed the command of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Water Resources, and carried out large-scale water conservancy facilities in China.And not for one year, 1927, but for five years.

That is to say, until 1931, this method has been adopted.Only corvée not planned by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Water Resources can be used by other departments and local governments.

Just like that, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Railways, and the General Post Office were all disappointed.Because they used to be big households using corvee, but now they are taken away by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Water Resources.

And in 1927, many new things were born.

airline.

In August 1925, when Duan Xun attended the funeral of Sun Yat-sen and toured the south, Swire Group first proposed the establishment of a civil airline.