Harry Potter Morning Light

There was no one in the library during the summer vacation, even Mrs. Pince went on vacation.

Pomona placed the cookies and tea she had brought from the kitchen on the table, then put her feet on another stool and flipped through the book she had just taken off the shelf.

She has actually read this book. It is "Attica Nights" written by a Roman. It contains philosophy, history, literature, aesthetics, law, astronomy and geography. It itself is the author's reading notes, which is very suitable for use. Come and have fun.

The page she turned to at random was about the case of Protagoras from the city of Abdera who sued the student Aselas. Protagoras made an agreement with this rich man to teach him the art of defence, and the reward was 20 pagodas. Lunt, half of which was paid before the lecture began and the other half when the young man won his first court case.

Seeing this, Pomona picked up a cookie and put it in his mouth to chew.

Protagoras means porter in Greek. It is said that before meeting Democritus, Protagoras was a loader of firewood. One day, he passed by carrying a large bundle of firewood from a nearby village and was captured by Democritus. Mocritus saw this and saw how easily Protagoras was carrying such a heavy thing, so he went up to talk to him.

Through observation, Democritus discovered that the firewood was tied up with short ropes and showed a certain geometric shape. After asking Protagoras if he had tied it, Democritus had a deep understanding of the mind of this uncivilized man. Surprised by his keenness and intelligence, he immediately took Protagoras away and taught him knowledge and philosophy.

Protagoras did not become an explorer who discovered the mysteries of the universe, nor did he become a philosopher, but he became a famous debater. He would find students and charge very high tuition fees, promising to teach them how to transform from weak to strong through studying writing. The rich boy named Acelas was one of them.

After learning a lot of debate and legal knowledge, Acelas did not rush to litigate for himself or others. Instead, he practiced what he learned through consulting. Protagoras was very angry about this, and then he planned to sue Aceras.

Protagoras said in court that if the court believed that Aceras had the obligation to pay, he must pay according to the court's judgment. If Aceras won the case, then Aceras must pay according to the contract.

Aceras said, "I have no obligation to pay under any circumstances. Either I lose the case, so I don't have to pay, as stipulated in the contract, or I win, so I don't have to pay because the court ruled that I don't have to pay." It’s time to pay the other half of tuition.”

When Pomona read the book again, annotations actually appeared on it. Of course, this was not a sign of caring for the book. Mrs. Pince would definitely be angry if she found out.

The annotation reads "Whether Dumbledore was You-Know-Who's teacher."

She couldn't help but sigh. Should Protagoras be angry that the student used what he taught him against him, or should he be happy? This student learned and applied it flexibly. Not only did he really grow from weak to strong, he seemed to be on a par with the teacher. Already?

This story was mentioned in another book that Pomona read, but it was not about how to solve this problem.

According to the Roman way of ruling, a condition was deemed to have occurred where its occurrence was prevented by a breach of good faith by one party, and that party would thereby be disadvantaged.

A condition is deemed not to have occurred if it was caused by a breach of good faith by a party from which that party would benefit.

What is expressed here is subjective integrity and objective integrity. It is like a builder ordering a batch of lumber, half of which will be paid after the interior decoration is completed, and half of which will be paid after insurance. Unexpectedly, the builder stopped working.

According to the Roman ruling method, the first thing to do is to determine whether the builder was "intentional" or "unintentional." For example, if he was working hard, the contractor who signed the contract with him suddenly did not pay him the money for the project, causing him to be unable to continue the construction. Conditions were facilitated and blocked too quickly, and things were unpredictable. At this time, the decision had to wait until the project was completed according to normal progress and the payment was made to the timber merchant.

Another example is that he knows that he no longer has the money to pay the timber merchant, which is considered "malicious".

The key to the problem is not fraud, but the termination of this legal relationship under certain conditions. For example, as time has passed, Pratagoras' control over students is no longer as weak as the students. At this time, he continues to insist that students pay tuition fees. In vain.

In ancient Roman law, the Latin word for good faith is "bona fides", which means "already done". Cicero translated it as fulfilling one's previous promises. In ancient Roman law, there is also a saying of "goodwill". A person with the ability to act independently should deal with others with a fair and kind heart. The integrity of ancient Roman law is related to "goodwill". This kind of mentality is constitutes "subjective integrity". Objective good faith is decided by the court. However, in the case of Protagoras and Aceras, the Athenian judge did not make a decision, but postponed the case indefinitely to avoid making a decision that recognized the claims of either party and would be judged by other parties. canceled by itself.

Referring to the theogony written by the ancient Greeks, the goddess of faith Fides (fides) was an original god of the ancient Romans and did not have a corresponding Greek name. Originally, the word Fides was also Latin. She was related to Justice holding a scale. Goddess is different.

Merchants in Numa's time often worshiped the goddess Phedes with Mercury. Legend has it that when Numa was a young prince, he liked to hunt. One time when he was hunting a wounded deer, he strayed into the depths of the forest and accidentally fell from the forest. He immediately fell down and sprained his foot, and the injured deer disappeared.

It soon became dark. Numa limped and groped his way back. Suddenly he saw a glimmer of light in a cave. He walked towards the light and found a middle-aged woman warming herself by the fire. When Numa showed up, he showed a welcome.

They chatted all night and talked about many profound topics. After returning to the palace, Numa recorded what the fairy who turned into a middle-aged woman said and compiled it into a complete and organized religious calendar. There are also many sacrificial rituals. Among them, Numa prescribed sacrificial celebrations for Phedes. The priests need to wrap their hands. For ordinary people, the sacred place of the goddess of integrity is in their right hands, so everyone who participates in the celebration is It is required to hold the right hand tightly and not to let go.

Dike, the goddess of justice in ancient Greece, paid more attention to "procedure". Not only did Troy, the Achaeans, and the Spartans have no cross-border mechanism to handle disputes, but the same was true between other Greek city-states.

In Homer's time, Greeks who crossed state borders to engage in trade, travel, and exploration had no legal protection, and most citizens would not leave their city-states. Unless someone is super powerful like Theseus or Hercules, or someone like Jason has his throne stolen and has to go out and take risks.

Later, the Athenians signed treaties with individual city-states to stipulate the laws and procedures that should be followed in legal proceedings between citizens of the two city-states. This treaty was the only legal basis for foreigners. The other was the consul, who would act as an intermediary to communicate with local officials. Try every means to help city-state citizens' personal and property safety.

The good faith contract of Roman law originated from the law of nations, which was largely related to the private law issues encountered by Romans and foreigners in the process of commodity exchange.

The founder of Rome is said to have been raised by wolves. The wolf may not be grateful, but it does not mean that the wolf does not have "love".

But Pomona didn't agree with Lily's belief that Severus should be grateful to James Potter for his "life-saving grace."

She looked at the annotations on the book again, because Pomona didn't like assignments that made students and teachers torture each other. She couldn't tell whose handwriting it was, but she could only tell that it was written by a girl.

"The mysterious man has never thought about this problem."

Pomona was startled by the sound behind her. She turned around and saw Minerva standing behind her.

"What are you doing!" Pomona patted her pounding heart.

"I want to say hello to you. I'm going to visit my nephew's house tomorrow. I was worried about you at first, but I think you're having a good time." After Minerva finished speaking, she looked at the snacks on the library table.

"I don't want to spend the summer in the library!" Pomona complained.

"Then will you come with me to my nephew's house?" Minerva asked.

Pomona said nothing.

Minerva went to visit her nephew, what identity would she use?

"Or are you going to London?" Minerva asked.

"Why should I go to London?" Pomona asked.

"Whatever you want." Minerva said lightly, turned and left the library.

When the sound of Minerva's footsteps also disappeared, Pomona felt that the library was so empty that it was actually echoing.

'Do you feel lonely? ’

She seemed to hear a voice asking her.

It's a bit, otherwise she wouldn't find the life of the little Death Eaters and "robbers" very interesting and want to get involved.

'Do you want company? ’

Pomona ignored the voice.

She wanted to find a living person to chat with before she really went crazy, so she also left the library.

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"Have you thought about it?" Brick said impatiently.

Georgiana looked at the face that looked so much like Sirius.

The ancient Greeks had a kind of "silent transaction". Usually, one person puts the things to be exchanged in an exchange place recognized by most people, and then leaves there and hides, watching another person put down the exchange items of equal value, Wait for the other party to leave, then come out of the hiding place and take away the exchange items of equal value.

In addition to mutual distrust and language barriers, another role of the consul is to act as an interpreter.

"Catch one alive and I want to ask them what they think." Georgiana said.

"What else can you think of? Of course it's robbery!" Brick said confidently.

"Robbery also depends on the person... I look like an easy target?" Georgiana asked.

He had a questionable expression on his face.

She was furious.

"Go and get someone here!" she ordered with her hands on her hips.

But Brick felt that instead of being scary, she actually laughed.

But he finally obeyed his orders, walked into the forest, and soon caught a robber.

"Come on." Brick threw the robber to the ground, then hid aside and watched the fun.

Georgiana stared at the robber, what was she going to do next?