Harry Potter Morning Light

In the British legal system of evidence, if the concept of hearsay evidence itself is to be defined, there are different opinions and no conclusion has been reached. Some people think that hearsay refers to the facts expressed or implied by the witnesses who cannot testify in court, and the facts recorded in the documents presented to the court when there are no witnesses to testify.

There is a sense of trust in words and paper, but there is also a greater trust in the testimony of witnesses, especially after putting their hands on the Bible and swearing what has been said. However, not everyone regards swearing as a big deal, even if they put their hands on the Bible, they still lie.

The last words of the deceased, public documents and records, and authoritative publications dealing with public affairs all echo the characteristics of hearsay evidence and can also be accepted by the court as exceptions as evidence of knowledge of facts. But when it comes to anti-physical, supernatural facts like witches, ghosts, etc., the evidence put forward to prove such a claim is often not credible, and paranormal events are never supported by "best evidence".

As long as there are "exceptions", the "exceptions" will become more and more complicated. The English procedural law in 1800 can hardly be called a "system", including the enclosure law. Procedures are messy, full of ad hoc and arbitrary and incomprehensible artifacts, largely created by lawyers and judges. In particular, hearsay evidence is a messy mixture of a series of "exceptions", "rules" and "rationalization", so there is Bentham's research and reform on the law of evidence.

It is absurd that William Coke's two dead wives cannot go to court, but there is no direct evidence that William Coke killed his wives. Indirect evidence must first convince the judge or jury to recognize the existence of evidentiary facts, and then deduce the existence of disputed facts.

In this case, another key figure is a Methodist priest. Since the 18th century, people's argument for the existence of God has changed from divine revelation to looking for more convincing evidence.

It is mentioned in the thirty-nine articles of faith that "we admit that Jesus and the apostle James forbade believers to swear lightly, so we can infer that Christianity does not prohibit swearing. taught by the prophets, and swear in accordance with justice, knowledge, and truth."

When swearing, there are often other punishment methods, such as lightning strikes from the sky, but the official punishment method is often the crime of perjury, and it is better to be sent to prison than to wait for the lightning strike. Lying in perjury is punishable only under oath, and children, excommunications, atheists, and those who refuse to swear are excluded from the "license to lie structure" and are often considered ineligible witness.

Rituals legitimize some power, and breaking wedding vows in a marriage doesn't put anyone at fault in jail, but biblically perjury in court does. Religious discipline itself is relatively weak, not to mention that false miracles, like other pious frauds, are sometimes used to serve nefarious interests.

The last witch of Europe, Gorrady, was sentenced to death in a "just and dignified" situation. When the innocent are sentenced, it will cause a very serious harm, and this harm is exactly what the law is trying to eliminate. The law has wronged A good man, and the public will be concerned about undue harm he, too, will cause for similar reasons.

The suffering of the innocent, the suffering of the innocent victim in the judicial process, and the legal punishment of the guilty need to be proven, otherwise it is a crime. Many people support the abolition of torture, because it will lead to torture, and some people think that the truth can bring a sense of security, and the existence of torture can make those cunning people honest.

From this came a point of view that "it is better to let a thousand guilty people escape than to let one innocent person be sentenced to law". Personal misfortunes, including the death of innocent people, should not be ignored by judicial courts because of risks.

But it is no small matter to let a thousand guilty people escape. Regarding the case of the therapist Michele, the Pope also intervened. Convicted, if previous witchcraft trials have targeted women, male wizards have not been spared either.

The job of the shepherd is to drive away the wolves. A wolf that gets in the flock will hurt innocent people and make more innocent people sad.

People don't think so much when they spread rumors, and what's worse is that William Coke's case is in the newspapers, people are rushing to see the haunted house, and the story has spread to Europe.

He really doesn't look like a wife murderer, but if he is really innocent, why is there a ghost in his house?

Harry pointed out that it was Draco Malfoy who cursed under the necklace, and he had no direct evidence, he just witnessed Malfoy appearing in the Three Broomsticks.

This kind of accusation echoes the Muggle witchcraft accusation model. Someone's cow was sick, and two women happened to have an eye infection, so they were accused of being a witch who cast a spell on a neighbor's cow.

What about the evidence? Harry said "i just know", considering that he grew up in the Muggle world and was not an adult, then it is understandable.

Wizards don't believe in God. Although there are godfathers, they don't need to swear on the Bible.

There is also Veritaserum, which is illegal for underage wizards to drink, but there is no such rule for adult wizards. The fake Alastor Moody drank a lot.

If Padma doesn't go to England and dabble in the William Coke case, she can keep playing, but if she's going to "adventure," she'll have to deal with knowledge that doesn't have anything to do with "fairy tales."

After returning to the residence, Georgiana burned the reply letter. After the letter was burned, she felt that she had no strength in her body, as if her bones had turned to ashes.

Just as she was barely standing on the edge of the table, there was a knock on the door, and then the door opened without her permission.

"Who are you?" She looked at the unexpected visitor and said.

"We met, in Antwerp," the woman said. "Chiara slapped you."

"I remember," said Georgiana. "You're the boxer?"

"Did you write back to Polly?" said the woman.

"none of your business?"

The woman took out a small piece of folded paper from her chest and handed it to Georgiana.

"Copy it like this."

Georgiana didn't answer.

"We all know that you don't know where he is, but the trusted people around him know that you just need to write the letter and hand it to them."

"I see." Georgiana sneered. "I'm like a worm on a hook, just waiting for the fish to bite so you can follow the line and find him."

"That's what you think." Charlotte put the note on the table. "Hurry up, the curfew is coming soon."

"how……"

"People in the castle are not allowed to move around after curfew, except you." Charlotte sat down on a chair. "I really can't see that you have such ability."

Georgiana sneered indifferently.

It was just a dream, so she opened the paper.

"Ew~" she exclaimed after reading the contents of the letter, "Who wrote this?"

"It's not me anyway." Charlotte said dryly, "Hurry up and write!"

Unwilling to sit down, Georgiana copied the contents of the letter.

During the copying, she glanced at the burnt paper ball in the ashtray next to her, and felt as if some evidence had been destroyed. She felt much more relaxed, although what she was doing at the moment was really what he wrote in the letter, like a liar.