Harry Potter Morning Light

There is a scene in "Jin Ping Mei". Once, the senior official of Ximen talked about farming with Uncle Wu: "At present, in the management of Jezhou, except for the deserted reed field and the port pass, there are a total of 27,000 mu of land. Every hectare of autumn tax, The summer tax is only levied one tael or eight taels of silver, not more than five hundred taels of silver, and it will be paid at the end of the year, and paid to Dongping Mansion, and then transferred to attract business, so as to prepare for the role of military rations and horses."

"Jiaozi" appeared in Sichuan in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It is a bit like a money order, and it is a certificate for merchants to withdraw money from other places when it is inconvenient to carry a large amount of cash on the road. With the development of commerce in the Song Dynasty, more and more Jiaozi were issued and exchanged, even to the point where the payment was made directly with Jiaozi. According to the measurement unit of the Song Dynasty, one catty was 16 taels, and five hundred taels of silver was 31.25 catties. , can Ximen Daguan and Uncle Wu move such a heavy silver?

Water Margin was written in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and Jin Ping Mei was written in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, probably in the Wanli period. Since Hongwu, the Ming Dynasty implemented the real economy. Even the Ming Dynasty banknotes were printed by the Ministry of Households. Unlike the Song Dynasty, the issuance of Jiaozi was completely handed over to the bank.

Those factory owners who asked Bolton to mint coins would not calculate how many coins were minted in total. Similar to the banks in the Song Dynasty, when they issued Jiaozi, they found that they could print a little more. As long as there was no run, there would be more turnover. This will be a lot more convenient. It's a bit like Spain, which got a lot of silver from South America, but the money didn't make them rich.

The trickle turned into a river, which eventually led to inflation. If it is benign inflation, it is conducive to business development, but it developed out of control later. Jiaozi in the Song Dynasty expanded from the initial circulation area of ​​Sichuan to Shaanxi and other places.

Qinghe County in Water Margin should be a fictitious place name, but the place where Wu Song became famous is in Yanggu County, Shandong, and Wu Song fought tigers in Jingyanggang, which is located in the east of Yanggu County, Shandong. Jingyanggang is The only way for Wu Song to visit his brother.

In this way, it is very reasonable and reasonable for Ximen officials and Uncle Wu to settle with silver, because the Northern Song Dynasty had strict control over Jiaozi. Prudential financial policy was ignored. At that time, the issuance of Jiaozi had been fully owned by the Jiaozi Mansion in Yizhou, and the super-issued banknotes had changed from private to government. The Bourbon dynasty also did similar things, but at that time there was no gold and silver in the treasury as reserves, and land was used.

At present, the denomination of banknotes issued by the Bank of France is 500 francs, which are mainly used to pay merchants. Once this banknote printing machine starts to print infinitely, the inflation rate caused by the 500 franc denomination can be much faster than that of the 10 livre denomination. After all, it takes much faster to print a 500-franc note than an equivalent 10-livre note.

It is not so easy for the Bank of England to take back the coinage right. In the Middle Ages, the king of England regarded the coinage right as part of the royal power. However, before the Normans landed, Britain was divided into at least 7 countries, and each small country had its own mint. , when the royal power is unified, the king of England can close the local mint, and all currencies will be minted in London. During the reign of Stephen of the Plantagenet Dynasty, the civil war broke out again. Local nobles set up mints to issue currency privately. It was not until Henry II came to the throne to suppress the rebellion that the mints they established were banned.

Bolton also minted several tons of copper coins for the East India Company. His steam minting machine really saved costs. During the Qianlong period, the cost of official minting was about 15% of the face value, which made official minting unprofitable. On the contrary, private minting prevailed .

The participation of multiple currencies in competition is not conducive to the implementation of monetary policy by sovereign currencies. That is to say, even if the Bank of England wants to issue more currencies, people will exchange for other currencies when they find that the value of the pound has depreciated sharply. This brings us back to the original question of taking back the coinage right, and then there is Rothschild's sentence "As long as I can control the country's currency issuance right, I don't care who is the puppet on the throne."

In other words, whoever controls the right to issue currency is the uncrowned king. After the Salem incident, a Dutch orange was elected king by the parliament at that time. The son of the tyrant James II was deprived of the right of inheritance. If William II did not swear according to the document given by the parliament, they could change it again. one.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was almost impossible for the officials of Ximen in Jinpingmeili to use silver to negotiate prices. Silver was a tribute in that era, and silverware and jewelry were generally made. At that time, folks used copper coins for bargaining. Bought a precious sword, Yang Zhi sells the sword for three thousand guan, how much is Sun Erniang's steamed stuffed bun?

In the Song Dynasty, it was illegal to eat beef. Those "heroes" ate a catty of beef. In fact, the places where they ate were all rural restaurants. In big cities, the number of times the heroes ate beef could be counted on one's fingers. .

These people are "bandits", and Ximen officials are "officials". If five hundred taels of silver are converted into copper coins, I am afraid that they will be pulled by carts, which is enough for Wu Dalang, who sells cooking cakes, to work for several years.

Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang often used extrajudicial punishments in dealing with official corruption, including peeling real grass. Zhu Yuanzhang used to be a Buddhist, and this punishment of peeling real grass originated from the hell of Buddhism. It is a torture for the soul of the heinous For example, if a county magistrate accepts four hundred guan notes, he will be punished by peeling the real grass.

Guanchao is the unit of measurement of Daming Baochao. Baochao is made of mulberry bark. Unlike Jiaozi, which has a reserve fund, it depends entirely on the credit of the court. At the beginning, the price of Guanchao is 1,000 copper coins, or 1 tael of silver. At the same time, private use is prohibited. Gold and silver transactions.

Do you believe that piece of mulberry bark paper is money? If you believe it, how do you know that what you got is not counterfeit money?

In less than a year, more and more people traded with gold and silver, and it was not until the Ming Dynasty that people began to negotiate prices with silver.

Not only silver, but also silk, hematoxylin, and pepper were also used as currency. In the 25th year of Ming Hongwu, in 1392, Zhu Yuanzhang inspected Zhejiang Guanhai and other guard shipbuilding, and gave each shipbuilder a tael of pepper. What Zheng He brought back from his voyages was not only the tribute from the vassal states, but also the living captive Chen Zuyi, and countless peppers.

The advantage of traveling by boat is that you don’t have to work as hard as before on land, and there is a kitchen on board, where you can cook and eat. Their lunch is black pepper steak.

In the afternoon they passed through Ambretus, one of the French naval yards, where Bonaparte would disembark and inspect.

It belongs to the territory of France within three nautical miles. Anyway, all their frigates are French warships. In fact, even if they go to the high seas, they may not encounter British warships. Some……

"asshole!"

She was so angry that she slapped the table decorated with mother-of-pearl flowers and birds, then covered her head, wanting to jump into the sea in annoyance.

She was flushed with embarrassment and seemed to be burning from her toes.

After scolding, I thought about it, no, he is not an asshole

"Bad stuff!" she cursed again.

It's a pity that she is alone in the cabin at this time, and the one she scolded is blowing the wind on the deck.

This time he was not as seasick as he was when he left Marseille for Egypt last time, and he was still in the mood to enjoy the coastal scenery.

After all, today is different from the past, and now it is peaceful.