Harry Potter Morning Light

In the 13th century, a French poet wrote such a pastoral poem:

Grandpa Fayel looked at his own wheat and land in the early morning. It was so comfortable and pleasant to gaze at the tender green of the seedlings or the golden color of the ears of wheat. The beautiful crops would make beautiful clanging ecu.

After the harvest, it's time for the annual tax collection again.

The reason why Napoleon is so liked by farmers is because he promised not to restore the feudal system and the tithe tax. Of course, it is impossible for him to collect taxes in kind from farmers, the pre-medieval taxation system.

After harvest, farmers would push their grain to market to sell, while tax collectors watched over their coins.

Peasants in the Carolingian era had to pay a large amount of food to the lord, but not all the food was put into storage, especially those perishable foods. Farmers will not pay the tax if they do not explain clearly what is going on with tax credit in kind.

If it was changed to "expropriation", it would be a different matter. The years before 1801 were good, with good harvests every year, which led to a lot of grain in farmers' warehouses, but poor road conditions prevented grain from being transported out of some areas. , as time passes, it becomes old wheat, which cannot be sold at a high price in the market.

It is reasonable to not export food when there is a famine in the country. However, each region has its own special reasons. Exporting food can be exchanged for gold coins and silver coins. Human beings can never return to the era of barter.

But this article is now banned. Napoleon did not let the Legislative Yuan amend the law to prohibit it, but let the police arrest them.

William Pitt, Jr. once reminded Georgiana of "tableware" that gold and silver in England are rarely used to make utensils, especially tableware, which are all made of porcelain. Louis XIV once melted down private households and Versailles chandeliers to obtain gold and silver Easing the financial problems of waging war is likewise unhelpful. Manufacturing gold and silverware also requires labor costs, and the money obtained after melting is much less than what you paid. If Georgiana listened to the prime minister and followed the instructions, she would lose a lot, unless she was forced to do so.

There were only three articles in the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty in 1703:

First, In the name of His Majesty the King of Portugal, and his successors, agree that English woolens and other woolen goods shall be permitted to be imported into Portugal forever and ever, subject to the conditions stated in the following article, until prohibited by law.

Secondly, that His Majesty the King of England, in the name of himself and his successors, must hereafter forever permit the importation of Portuguese wines into No one-hundred-five-gallon barrel, fifty-two-and-a-half-gallon barrel, or otherwise, shall demand, directly or indirectly, more of such wine than is received by an equal quantity of French wine, either under the name of customs duty, or under any other name. Excessive tariffs must be reduced by one-third. If, at any time in the future, the reduction of the above-mentioned duties should be violated in any form, it would be just and lawful for His Majesty the King of Portugal to prohibit the importation of English woolen cloth and other woolen products.

Third, the plenipotentiaries of the two countries agreed to be responsible for obtaining the ratification of the treaty by their respective kings, and agreed to exchange ratification documents within two months.

As far as these three treaties are concerned, two of them, to be precise, determined the fate of Portugal and the fate of wine merchants in Bordeaux, France. Before 1703, Britain and France were engaged in a war for hegemony. Portugal wanted to use this treaty to gain advantages for itself, but instead suffered a big loss. According to Adam Smith's description in The Wealth of Nations, this treaty is a masterpiece of British commercial policy. Portugal gets more gold from Brazil every year than the amount used to mint coins and make utensils in the country. There is no need to lose too much in the gold cabinet, but there is no good market in Portugal, so even if the export of gold is prohibited, some people still smuggle gold out to exchange for goods that have a more favorable market in the country, or exchange them from the UK to other European countries of goods.

Adam Smith thought that the value of the fruit and wine sent from Portugal to England almost canceled out the value of the English goods sent to Portugal, and he completely forgot that fifty thousand pounds of gold was imported into England every week by post, that is to say, the trade The activities are funded by Portugal itself. In addition, the British merchants also obtained the privileges of the Portuguese king through non-treaty provisions. When the Portuguese king realized that he had suffered a disadvantage in this treaty, he lost favor with the British merchants, and some privileges were withdrawn, but at this time it was already a little bit It's too late. Portugal was called "Europe's vegetable garden" in the 20th century, and the cost of living is also cheaper than other EU countries. 100 euros can be used as 122 euros there.

The same is true in Spain. Fernon and Petunia once took Harry and Dali to Spain for vacation. Facts have proved that the protective spell that Lily used on Harry does not necessarily require him to stay in the house in Xiaojinhui District, as long as It's fine to stay with Petunia, and it's fine for him to hide in the Leaky Cauldron, which has a lot of hidden spells.

Severus, the idiot, signed an unbreakable oath with Bellatrix and Narcissa Malfoy, and there were also three clauses in it, among which his oath to protect Draco forever bound him "for life" , As long as he is still alive, he must fulfill the oath, otherwise they are still living in seclusion.

She missed him so much that she woke up one morning to find him lying beside her and staring at her, as if afraid she was gone.

She was inexplicably reminded of the Portuguese long-nosed dragon, which also had a pair of black eyes and pale green scales.

Fate was not fair, Severus had known that.

It is also a dragon, the Welsh dragon domesticated by Georgiana now has a safe haven, and the dragon skin of some dragons has become the material for wizards to make clothes, boots, gloves, and shields. Georgiana remembers that Slughorn had a Dragon leather briefcase with gold buckle.

If the French Ministry of Magic can monopolize this trade, then French pureblood wizards don't need to raise their own dragons, unless they need fresh dragon blood.

Sometimes trade really makes people cold-blooded, but people are omnivores and need to eat animal protein.

When Columbus first arrived in the Caribbean islands, he quickly realized that this was not the India of Marco Polo's travels. Not just because the people there don't wear clothes, but because of the lack of meat on the island, there is a species of pika known locally as Cory, the largest living quadruped in Santo Domingo.

So there is the custom of the Caribbean people in Martinique, which can be called anecdotes.

It is cruel to kill a calf and raise a cow to keep it pregnant and give birth to milk.

She cried again at the thought.

Sometimes she really wished that Napoleoni hadn't been so honest, he pleaded that he hadn't secretly gone to see Giuseppina and she wouldn't have been so upset.

She is not only stupid but also stupid, this is the first time she has cried in the past few days.

After crying, her eyes were red and swollen, but she still wanted to cry.

But can tears solve the problem?

She longs for love, and God seems to have given her a gift, making her a naturally beautiful Veela hybrid, but she is cursed, unable to get a family.

On her desk was something like a travel book, what a French exile saw and heard in America. Compared with the English-speaking area, slaves in the French-speaking area of ​​the United States are treated much better. They are not only allowed to do unskilled manual labor, they can also be carpenters, masons, simple blacksmiths, and butchers. New Orleans also teaches slaves to read and write. A few slaves even managed to become governesses.

She often hears that teachers are engineers of the soul, or "noble and respectable."

It was Greek slaves who used to teach Roman slave masters, and Dumont, Henry Petty's tutor, now became his entourage.

You can't smoke students in school. The old bat punishing students with voluntary labor is annoying enough, so even if she sometimes wants to use violence against them, she can only endure it on the spot, and then turn her grief and anger into motivation, and she goes to farm. .

It happened that her magic had recovered and she could use magic to farm the land, so she left the tower, and she was going to fix the land and prepare to plant again in October.

Although the performance of human manure is average due to the weather, the experimental field in the south performed well, and the yield per mu was nearly twice that before fertilization. After the soil is improved and more fertile, the yield per mu will be higher.

This is her "great career", so dirty, which student would want to learn it?

The content of the peace treaty is "The Wealth of Nations", which I copied. When Wellington came to Bordeaux, the local wine farmers still regarded him as the liberator