Harry Potter Morning Light

In William Petty's book, this question was raised: Why do people pay both import duties and export duties to the monarch?

According to William Petty, customs duty was originally a payment to the monarch for protecting imported and exported goods from pirates, and if the goods were robbed by pirates, the monarch was liable for these losses.

Of course, the real purpose of tariffs is no longer known. At present, tariffs have become a tool of trade protection. British textiles are still subject to high tariffs, but the tax on raw materials has been reduced. This is beneficial to the French domestic textile industry. .

This is of course unfair to the British textile industry practitioners, but Napoleon implemented a tariff-free policy for British grain and steel, which led to the dumping of British steel to France. Originally, Britain also exported grain to France. Compared with the high flour price in France, British flour is more profitable even after the price increase, and there is also a crucial point. The French Revolution abolished the indirect tax and needed the milling tax to replace it. Directly providing flour can reduce French taxation.

This is definitely a loss-making business. Of course, it must be stopped. The root cause is Cleopatra of the United Kingdom. Sweden gave French goods tax-free rights, and Louis XVI also ceded a piece of territory. Where did the United Kingdom cede?

In fact, this still needs to be treated differently. The funds invested by Orleans and Lyon Railway Company are allocated by local finance, and the money is provided by taxation. If it is changed to bank investment, then the tariff on steel will be restored.

As for the exemption of British flour tariffs, it can give the French people another choice, and they will no longer hold up their aprons and clamor for cheap bread.

Many French residents don’t have stoves, and they can’t bake bread by themselves. However, the local small bakeries are not like Paris. There are charities to provide loans to maintain them. After the closure of the bakery, the bakers have been dismissed. People began to bake bread at night, forming a black market for bread. The price of bread on the black market is much cheaper than the ones that open during the day, and the sales of the old wheat also flow to these places. So far, there has been no problem similar to Salem.

Then there is tobacco. The price of cigarettes after the tobacco monopoly is too high, and the poor cannot afford it. Smuggling tobacco is also a very profitable business. The United States has been sanctioned, but that is for import and export commodities, and the transportation industry has not been greatly affected.

That day in Veteran's Square, Leon Cole told Lord Merri and Lord Whitworth that trade with Santo Domingo was forbidden, and that it would do England no harm, they had plantations in Jamaica, Cuba and Brazil, and Santo Domingo had plantations. Domingo quit and they just took their market share. As for the United States asking them to cut off trade with Santo Domingo, it is also very simple. Napoleon's old boss, Jacques-Francis Digomier, who caused him a lot of trouble in the Battle of Toulon, was a sugar plantation owner. To adapt to this climatic condition, planters in Louisiana introduced a new variety of sugarcane called Ottabet. They used a more advanced irrigation system to avoid the problem of sugarcane freezing after harvesting. Cane sugar can also be provided, and they don't need Santo Domingo's products even more.

The political elites are generally cold-blooded, and Napoleon also had his cruel side. The soldiers in Santo Domingo are a little better than the Russian serfs. The serfs had to fight for 25 years before they were liberated. The skin color of those people was white.

Bonaparte had said in his public speeches in Parliament that "peace is the most important of all needs and of all honours," but he also knew that when he lost military victories and the ability to reward others, he And lose everything too.

Either go to prosperity together, or go to ruin together, Santo Domingo and France are now on the same rope.

After the War of Independence, the Westward Movement of the United States also got rid of the shackles of the United Kingdom. There is a local song, "One, Two, Three Little Indians". After eliminating the local "red men", this land belongs to plantation The owner of the garden is gone, they will need many slaves to cultivate this wasteland.

If Old Jordan is the only "master" in a house, and he is not loved by the slaves, then he will be worried. Maybe one night, an oil lamp will be accidentally lit, and the whole manor will be ablaze, Old Jordan would be burned in his chambers, while the slaves would flee that manor to freedom.

If too many slaves are brought in, and the number of slave owners is not enough, then you have to be careful of the slaves rioting like Santo Domingo, which is why some states in the United States reject the slave trade. However, some states required that these slaves transit through states that rejected the slave trade, and this created a contradiction.

The Santo Domingo regime is the light of hope for the American slaves. Toussaint Louverture cannot be killed, otherwise Santo Domingo will resist to the end. However, so many people died, and among the 20 generals there are Napoleon Those who have participated in many battles cannot understand and tolerate them emotionally.

The Belgian land sale, which Georgiana thought would be easy, also encountered problems in the implementation process. It seems that the only way left in front of Bonaparte is to sell Louisiana, or to open up tax sources. The way to collect income tax in the UK is It will definitely not work, and with the arrival of peace, the people's calls for the abolition of the income tax are getting louder and louder. It is only a matter of time before Addington compromises.

As for the railway from Paris to Lyon, it is absolutely impossible to hand it over to the UK. The British bank lends to the British Steel Company, and then the British bank buys British steel in France to build the railway. Tax. What's more, if they build a railway from Lyon to the Mediterranean, then the British navy will land from the Mediterranean in the future, and this railway will go straight to Paris.

If a horse is ridden, it can only carry two people at most. If it is used to pull a cart, it can carry 4 to 8 people, but if it is used on rails, it can pull a double-decker carriage to carry 20 people.

There will be more steam locomotives in the future. Montalivet, the head of the Bridge and Road Administration, is now a hot figure in Paris. He is also a high-ranking official in the Seine Province. Lucien is "matchmaking". He has distributed part of the administrative power to Lyoncourt , making him one of the two mayors of Paris.

Marmont is the director of artillery. One of his jobs is to recast all the cannons of the French Army. He has to face two problems. One is the artillery carriage. The transportation of the artillery carriage has always troubled Bonaparte, and Georgiana's The wooden track road was originally built for artillery vehicles, but now it has been used by civilians. It is very simple to turn civilian rails into military ones. The problem is that not all field battles are laid with rails. It became even more important in the engineer battalion.

After solving the gun carriage, the next step is ammunition. If it is not for the French navy, God knows what the world will become.

It can be said that even if Napoleon did not repay the banker's debt, and he found an excuse to recover the debt, no one would object "immediately".

There is a Jewish proverb that credit is both intangible power and intangible wealth.

Candor is absolutely essential to anyone in business, wise diplomats know that one must never fool the other side, reliability and fairness are important assets in the long run.

On the day of the Brumaire Coup, Napoleon delivered a bunch of useless speeches from the pulpit, but he said very clearly that "I have brought you conquest, and now no enemy dares to invade our borders."

When people talk about glamour, they usually think of splendor, beauty, and wonderful affairs, and Corsican shorties have nothing to do with them.

But he didn't know whether it was to appease her or for other reasons. He actually quoted a passage from Cicero's "On Duty":

There are two ways of settling disputes among human beings, one is through negotiation and the other is through force. The former conforms to the characteristics of man, while the latter conforms to the characteristics of beasts. The latter should be adopted only when the former is impossible.

A prince must know well how to use the ways of beasts and men.

In Greek mythology, Achilles and many monarchs were raised by the centaur Chiron, and under his training to discipline adults, using half-human and half-beast as a mentor is nothing more than saying that a monarch needs humanity and wildness, if there is only one quality And neither will last without the other.

If Louis XVI lacked wildness, then Napoleon was somewhat lacking in humanity, after all he was a lion of the wild.

Many countries have seen the superiority of France, and many countries are learning, but if they learn the railway, they may become a tool for Napoleon's future invasion.

The best way is not to repair it. If you must repair it, you must also remember that it must not be the same width as the track in France.

Georgiana looked at the document on the table, which was one of the bills recently discussed by the parliament, how to establish a household registration system.

Napoleon's identification was forged. The Corsica riots were not repaired. It was almost impossible to find a birth certificate. After the Battle of Toulon in 1794, he was promoted to brigadier general. As usual, he had to provide a background check. He provided It was the birth certificate at Corte, January 7, 1768, not the one at Alkershaw, August 15, 1769.

He asked Joseph to ask Bernadotte on January 7, 1802, if he would like to go to Guadeloupe as a general, and it seems that he celebrated his birthday in this way.

The last general in Guadeloupe died of yellow fever. Will Bernadotte be sent again this time?

No wonder Bernadotte hated him so much. If it weren't for Simon and the others not discussing what political system to replace Napoleon with, he would have died long ago.

The last assassination at the opening ceremony of the canal was made by Lulange without authorization. Their original plan was to assassinate Napoleon during the military parade.

It's a pity that there is no evidence, and civil servants will not leave things like pamphlets as physical evidence.

As long as it is beneficial to him, he can even change the birthday date.

Negotiations with such dishonest people were dangerous, but it was also a way of life for Santo Domingo.

Relying on others is a bad policy after all. We must know that the long-lasting, reliable and effective way of defense is to rely on ourselves.

She could only secretly wish Saint Domingo good luck, fortunately, it was just a dream.