Harry Potter Morning Light

Adam Smith once wrote in The Wealth of Nations: Once the social division of labor is fully determined, a person's own labor products can only satisfy a very small part of his desires, and most of his desires need to be exchanged for the surplus labor products that he cannot consume. The products of other people's labor that they need are met, so everything depends on exchange to live, or in other words, to a certain extent, everyone can become a businessman.

Incentives are divided into export incentives and production incentives, export incentives are paid to foreign businessmen, and production incentives are issued to domestic producers.

Incentives are sometimes called subsidies, and sometimes tax refunds are also called incentives. For example, if a foreign woman buys a product in the UK, which is encouraged by the British government to export, the foreign country can get a tax refund when leaving the UK. Although she herself is not a businessman.

The purpose of setting up the export bonus is to hope that the British goods will be cheaper when they are sold again, so as to beat competitors with almost the same price. In theory, it seems feasible. The same product is five francs, and she can receive a tax refund. Why? Why don't you buy the cheaper one?

Grain trade is different from other industrial products. In the same book, The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith recorded a practice of the "Grain Export Incentive Act" in 1688. According to ordinary people's understanding, this reward will promote farming. It will increase the production of grains, thereby lowering the price of grains in the domestic market. But instead of lowering the price of corn, the export bounty increased it.

Adam Smith believed that the bumper harvest in the previous year was due to the export bonus, which led to an increase in export volume, which could not make up for the poor harvest in the next year, so it raised the price of grain in England between 1688 and 1700.

The bad weather during this period is not a phenomenon unique to England, but a phenomenon common to most parts of Europe. The issuance of bounties increased the degree of grain shortage in England, so in 1699, grain export was prohibited for nine months.

France also banned the export of grain in 1764, and later lifted the ban. Anyway, as strong as Napoleon, only one city in France was not allowed to participate in grain export.

According to the British custom, merchants will find farmers and sign a contract with them, stipulating the price when a certain amount of grain is supplied to the merchant within a certain period of time, because this contract will save farmers the cost and trouble of going to the market to negotiate prices, so the contract price will usually be A little lower than the average market price.

In a bountiful year, the reward will promote the output of grain and increase the price of grain. Even in the most bountiful year, farming can be rewarded in this way.

However, when there is a lack of grain, the annual rewards will stop, and if there is no food to eat, you will not work hard to cultivate. Do you have to pray and wait for God to send down Marso? 1802 was destined to be a poor harvest year. Napoleon also asked Britain to issue bonuses to promote exports. This is a knife that kills without blood.

Adam Smith believes that when the price of grain continues to rise to a certain extent, the people of the lower classes will more or less save food to hinder consumption. It turns out he was wrong, the lower class people would guillotine the king, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are ready examples. If the price of grain is to be lowered, the export of grain must be banned, but in this way the interests of the grain growers in the interior will be violated.

Why were the Corn Laws instituted? Just because foreign grains will affect the interests of local farmers, and because of the "Bread and Blood" movement, the grains that "arrived" in the ports of England and the Netherlands were all transported to France by Napoleon. Why did the price of grain increase? Because of the poor harvest in the Baltic Sea, there was a famine, and of course there was panic when there was no food to eat, and the price of grain was driven up.

In 1801, the British grain was a good year. In 1802, if the cold weather continued, the British would also face the crisis of poor harvest.

That's probably why he went to the stock market to inspect that day. No wonder Caprara was so terrified when he heard that he was watching "The Wealth of Nations", and Georgiana felt the same now.

Napoleon was not afraid of falling food prices due to food imports, and public opinion was completely on his side. During the French Revolution, women went to Versailles with their aprons to make trouble for cheap bread. How could people at the bottom have such complicated opinions? It is believed that the bad government has caused the soaring food prices, and if the speculators who are hoarding are not dealt with, a good government will stabilize the prices.

The British are completely the opposite. Georgiana believes that in order to pursue more interests and money, merchants hoarding a large amount of grain will also resell grain to France. India and Bangladesh are so far away, and the East India Company has not shipped grain to France. Came to sell in Europe.

India not only supplies the cotton, cane sugar, and silk needed by the United Kingdom, but also supplies tea. The British need tea, just like the French love coffee. Now Georgiana uses the ceramics produced by the Sevres ceramic factory in France Drinking black tea from a teacup, she didn't feel elegant and comfortable at all. She looked at the red tea soup as if she was looking at blood, and she became a member of the "vampire".

She did not live now at St. Luke's Palace, nor in the barracks where the English were gathered, but in the town of Sevres, in an old nobleman's villa that had been confiscated but had not yet been sold.

The house was originally inhabited by vineyard growers, so it is very unpretentious, without much furniture and low rooms, but it has a beautiful garden with a plant called Yolanda Aragon. roses.

Yolanda Aragon is a member of the French royal family saved by Joan of Arc in the Orleans War. Mr. Gaston Martin has always been afraid of her becoming Joan of Arc. Now Georgiana also feels this way. Napoleon will not give her a way out ?

It was the King of England who killed Joan at the stake, and she also successfully predicted the outcome of the Battle of Herring. But the one who betrayed Joan of Arc to England was also a Frenchman. As long as Napoleon didn't hand her over to that lunatic George III, then she seemed to have a way out?

She looked at the watercolor sketches on the table, and there was a boat with a mast passing through the aqueduct to transport goods elsewhere.

At the beginning, her imagination used the aqueduct as a water pipe, which only had the function of transporting water. Now she finds that it can also carry people and goods, but ordinary poor people do not punting on water sources for drinking water. Instead, they have money. People will not mind using the aqueduct as a means of travel because they have other sources of water.

She remembers a funfair near Liverpool where visitors could ride rides like gondolas in the air, as did the aqueduct from the city center to Saint-Germain, which was also a way of showing privilege.

Ordinary people can also punt in the aqueduct, as long as they get the consent of their neighbors. The property owners can easily reach a consensus. Other low-level residents who feel that the water fee of 2 sous a day is expensive will not let their free water source be polluted. of.

It took money to maintain the facility, and Georgiana had even figured out how to charge to maintain it, but was Napoleon worth it?

Joan saved Yolanda Aragon, did Aragorn ever think about saving her?

"Ma'am, a guest is looking for you," said Michelle, her maid who returned from vacation.

She looked at the rose in Michelle's hand. This was the second rose Josephine had given her, and it was the Queen of Violet again.

This place is located on a hillside, just next to the only road that Paris "marches" into Versailles. The decoration style inside is very rural, which is very suitable for a country woman like her.

She only thought that Napoleon was pitiful, but she never thought that she was actually pitiful too. She is a witch, but she is not the kind of witch who curses people. How could she fall into such a situation?

"Let her come." Georgiana said blankly, and Michelle put the rose on the small round table. Not long after, Michelle brought Maria Reynorman to her living room on the second floor .

"What did she ask you to do?" Georgiana asked.

"It's not what she asked me to do." Maria said, "The first consul asked when you will return to the palace?"

"Do you think I'm Joan of Arc or Aragorn?" Georgiana asked.

"Why do you ask that?"

"Because I also saw the future." Georgiana whispered, "It's just in a different way from yours."

"You want my advice?" Maria asked.

"Yes."

"If you are not very short of money, keep quiet, but the other person is a big man you can't afford to mess with, you tell him the truth, as I told Robespierre and Marat, believe it or not."

"You seem to say you want to live a long life?" Georgiana asked.

"Yes, so I quit the fortune-teller business."

"What about me? What do you suggest?"

Maria smiled, "Mrs. Talian is now the Princess of Paris, and the other half of my prophecy has also come true. Who do you think you are?"

Georgiana didn't know how to answer.

Maria took a small iron rod with a small silver snake at the end, and she pointed it at Georgiana.

"I would introduce myself to those customers as a waking sleepwalker, and you could think so too."

"Is this your wand?" Georgiana said, looking at the iron rod.

"As long as you are not so attached to the realization of your personal ambitions, you can leave at any time," Maria said. "But if you plan to stay, you can't try to be absolutely fair and fair."

"Are you going to cast a spell on me?"

"Most people have forgotten what happened that night, and you should know the spell." Maria said with a smile, "I will make you feel like a dream, and when you wake up, you will forget everything that happened in the dream."

"I don't think so." Another woman's voice came from the corner of the house, and she pulled off the cloak of invisibility, revealing a pale face, "Do you know who I am, Ms. Lenorman?"

Lenorman put down the iron wand.

"Who are you?" Georgiana asked.

"The Muggle Prime Minister thinks you are worthy of protection. I am an Auror sent by the British Ministry of Magic." The woman said in English, "My name is Lufu Truman, it is an honor to meet you, Ms. Sevres. "