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"Historical Records of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty Sixth": "Lu Sheng said that the first emperor said: 'I often meet those who seek wisdom and medicine, and those who are harmful. When the ghosts are removed, the real people come. Where the master lives and the ministers know it, it will harm the gods.

A real person will not get wet when entering water, and will not be hot when entering fire. The spirit of majestic clouds is as long as the sky and the earth.

Today, the rulers of the world are not calm.

May no one know where I live in the palace, and then the medicine of immortality may be obtained. .

So the first emperor said: "I admire the real man, and I call myself a real man, not a real man."

It is ordered that the 270 complex roads and corridors of the inner palaces and temples within [-] miles of Xianyang be connected, filled with curtains, bells, drums and beauties, and all cases are non-immigrant.

Fortunately, those who say what they say will die.The first emperor was lucky to see the Liangshan Palace, and saw the prime minister's chariots and riders from the mountain, which is good.

The middleman may sue the prime minister, and the prime minister will damage the car and ride later.

The first emperor said angrily: "This person leaks my words." Don't take it when you ask about the case.When it is time, all those who are by the side at all times are ordered to be killed.Since it is the place where Mo's journey will take place.Listening to the matter, the ministers received the decision, and learned about it in Xianyang Palace. "

Zhao Gao violated the law, the first emperor pardoned Zhao Gao alone, and restored his official rank, but killed everyone who leaked the secret. Is it tyranny, or is it imperative?

The first emperor Yingzheng didn't like the luxury of the prime minister going out in a car and riding a crowd, but he didn't punish the prime minister emotionally because of his personal dislike, or affect the relationship between the two, alienate the prime minister, and make things difficult for the prime minister.

"Historical Records Laozi Han Fei Biography No. [-]": "People may pass on their (Han Fei) books to Qin. The king of Qin saw the book of the lonely and angry five beetles, and said: 'Wow, the widow can see this person and travel with him, and he will not die. I hate it!'" What does it mean?If the first emperor Yingzheng is so eager to learn, is he a man of temperament?

"Historical Records of Qin Shihuang Benji Sixth": "Everything in the world, no matter how big or small, is determined by the top, and the top is to weigh the book with a stone, and there is a report day and night, and you can't rest if you don't get it." Qin Shihuang Yingzheng set a job for himself every day Don't take a break if you can't complete the workload, the work can be described as conscientious and dedicated!
"Historical Records of Qin Shihuang Benji Sixth": "Fortitude and fortitude, all matters are determined by the law, cut down without benevolence and righteousness, and then combine the five virtues." righteous.

If the law is used as the standard, benevolence and righteousness cannot be used as the standard. In other words, the standard of law excludes the standard of benevolence and righteousness. Is there a problem with this choice?

The limited events recorded in "Historical Records" seem to be able to make an evaluation of Qin Shihuang.

1. Eager to learn and think of others when he sees others: He admires Han Fei very much.

2. The corporal of the virtuous, the virtuous and the only able to use: "Clothes, food and drink are the same as Liao", Wei Liao resigned slightly, reminding Ying Zheng to use Wei Liao quickly; Zhao Gao was from a humble background, but Qin Wang Yingzheng did not drown his talent, " Take it as an order from the CRRC government."

3. There is a degree of leniency and strictness: pardoning Zhao Gao and restoring his official rank is not indifferent; it is not insincere to kill all those who leak words to the middleman.

4. Distinguish between public and private: I don't like the prime minister going out and riding in public, but it doesn't affect the relationship between the two.

5. Conscientious and conscientious for the government: "There are submissions day and night, and there is no rest if you fail to submit."

Qin Shihuang's burning of books originated from a discussion before the emperor.

The process recorded in "Historical Records of the First Emperor of Qin" is: "The first emperor bought wine in Xianyang Palace, and the doctors lived before 70 people." According to the sun and the moon, everyone is convinced.

With the princes as prefectures and counties, everyone is at ease, without the danger of war, and it will be passed on to all generations.Since ancient times, it has been inferior to His Majesty's Wade. '

Emperor Yue.Dr. Chunyu Yuejin said: "The minister asked the king of Yin and Zhou Dynasties, when he was a thousand years old, he made his children a hero, and he was a branch assistant."Now your majesty has the sea, and the children are ordinary people, and there are Tian Chang and the ministers of the six ministers; if there is no assistant, how can we save each other?It is unheard of that things can last for a long time without learning from the past.

Today, Qingchen flatters and flatters His Majesty's faults, not loyal ministers'.

The first emperor made his proposal.Prime Minister Li Si said: "The five emperors did not return to each other, and the three generations did not attack each other.

Today, His Majesty has created a great cause and made great achievements for all generations, which is certainly not known by foolish scholars.

Moreover, Yueyan is a matter of three generations, so what is the law?At different times, the princes competed together, and thickly called for study tours.It has been decided today, and the decree is issued. The people who are in charge of the family should work hard on agriculture and workers, and the scholars should study the decree to avoid prohibition.Today's students do not learn from the present but learn from the past, because they are not in the current world, and they will cause chaos in Guizhou.

The prime minister, Si Mei, said to death: "In ancient times, the world was scattered and chaotic, and there was no one who could be unified. It was written by the princes together. All the words were said in the past to harm the present, and they pretended to be false to confuse the truth. People are good at what they learn privately, and they are not established by the superior."

Today the emperor does not own the world, don't choose black and white.

Private learning and non-teaching, when people hear the order, they will discuss it according to their own learning, when they enter, they will be wrong, and when they go out, they will discuss it.

If it is so forbidden, the main force will fall to the top, and the party will become the bottom.Forbidden.I ask the historian to burn all non-Qin records.Not a doctoral officer, who dares to have a collection of poems and books of hundreds of languages ​​in the world, all of them will keep them and burn them.Those who dare to speak poetry and books abandon the market.The past is not the family of the present.Officials see that those who fail to raise are guilty of the same crime.It was ordered not to burn for [-] days, and tattooed as Chengdan.

Those who do not go, the book of medical divination and planting trees.If you want to learn laws and regulations, take officials as teachers. The system said: "Yes." '"

The cause of burning books.From the words of the servant Zhou Qingchen, the doctor Chun Yuyue, and the prime minister Li Si, it can be inferred that the core issue of the debate among the three is whether to choose the county system or the vassal system, or the design of Qin's political system.

What kind of political system should the Qin State adopt to govern and manage the country? Should it choose the county system or the princely system to achieve social stability and development.

Undoubtedly, Li Si insisted on and maintained the system of prefectures and counties; Dr. Chun Yuyue opposed the system of prefectures and counties, and strongly recommended the feudal vassal system centered on entrusting meritorious officials to his children.

Behind this debate over what kind of political system to choose is the conflict of different cultures, and of course it is also a game between different political power groups.

A comparison between the county system and the feudal lord system.

"Historical Records Qin Shihuang Benji Sixth": "Prime Minister Wan and others said, 'The princes were first broken, and Yan, Qi, and Jing were far away. If they are not kings, they should not be filled. Please establish your sons, and only the superior will allow you.'

The first emperor made a discussion with the officials, and the officials all thought it was convenient.

Tingwei Li Siyi said: "Zhou Wenwu entrusted many children with the same surname, but after that, they were alienated, and they attacked each other like enemies, and the princes even punished each other. Zhou Tianzi couldn't stop it."

Today, His Majesty Lai's gods and spirits are unified in Hai Nei, and they are all prefectures and counties. The heroes of the various schools are rewarded with public taxes and taxes, which is very easy to control.If there is no disagreement in the world, then there is peace.It is inconvenient for the princes. '

The first emperor said: "The world is suffering and fighting endlessly, so there is a king."Lai Zongmiao, the world was initially established, and the country was reestablished. It is also a soldier, and it is not difficult to ask for its peace!Ting Wei said yes. '"

It can be seen here that the essence of the feudal system is: the enfeoffment of children of the same surname and meritorious officials as princes and kings, that is, the establishment of a social system based on blood ties, the purpose of which is to stabilize society and rule.

The essence of the prefecture and county system should be the opposite of the vassal system. Instead of enshrining meritorious officials as kings, talented people are selected as officials.

The system of prefectures and counties is based on the size of people's talents and is based on the selection of talents, while the system of feudal lords is based on blood relationship and is based on "selecting talents and abilities". These are two completely different social and political systems: the system of prefectures and counties The design of the political system is relatively more open, while the princely system is relatively more closed; compared with the princely system, the county system can achieve social fairness and justice.

It is closer to: "The world is not the world of one person, the world of the world is also the world of the world. The sum of yin and yang is not the same;

It also embodies the equal management philosophy, politics and culture concept of "the sky is selfless, the earth is selfless, the sun and the moon are selfless, and the four seasons are selfless. Doing their virtues will make everything grow."