Black Technology Refresher Manual
Chapter 37 Fenghua [15] Solvay Physics Conference.
With Chen Jingqiu's help in dealing with interpersonal relationships, and the three-year study career at the University of Science and Technology of China [graduated ahead of schedule] + the experience of continuous master's and doctoral studies, Sheng Ming'an quickly integrated into university life.
After the military training, the school officially started.
Various activities for freshmen emerged one after another in the early days of school, and Sheng Mingan was not interested in participating, so he made excuses to refuse them all.
Roommate Ma Guangda and the others are still in a state where everything is new. They are full of energy every day, leaving early and returning late, like wild dogs having fun.
They wanted Sheng Mingan to play at first, but they were rejected many times, and they gradually realized that Sheng Mingan really didn't want to participate in any club activities, so they didn't force him, and let him shuttle between the dormitory, classrooms and library by himself. .
Therefore, Sheng Ming'an's new university life was very peaceful.
The liveliness of the new students and the enthusiasm of the club to recruit new students have nothing to do with Sheng Mingan. His daily life is full of various study courses, and he has almost no time for entertainment.
The freshman course itself is relatively compact, but the knowledge points are simple, the content is basic, and the difficulty is not great.
So Sheng Mingan quickly read all the freshman textbooks of the Institute of Physics and sorted out the key points. After mastering the basic knowledge points, he went to the library to read professional books on quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics and relativity are the two basic pillars of modern physics. So far, no absolutely accurate experiment can prove or overthrow the basic theories of these two pillars.
In particular, the theory of quantum mechanics is almost entirely based on assumptions. Its assumptions can be verified but may be overturned at any time, just as the biggest feature of quantum theory itself is randomness and uncertainty.
It is precisely this randomness and uncertainty that drives people crazy and thus doubts the world.
No wonder Einstein did not believe in quantum theory until his death, and insisted that there must be a fixed value in the microscopic world that restricts the movement of microscopic particles.
Sheng Ming'an studied quantum mechanics in depth with a sense of awe. Every time he took a step forward, he felt that he was sliding into the vast and boundless microcosm. There seemed to be bright and mysterious nebulae and black holes that swallowed everything, which inspired him to have a deeper understanding of the microcosm. The level of understanding also made him tremble at the endless unknown areas of the world.
In addition to quantum theory, he also has a deep understanding of higher numbers.
In fact, there are advanced mathematics courses in the freshman year of the School of Physics, but they are relatively simple.Mathematics and physics are inseparable from each other. Physical knowledge can solve mathematical problems, and physical theory is basically inseparable from the derivation and verification of mathematical formulas.
So mastering the necessary mathematical theory is also very important.
Sheng Ming'an was not interested in anything other than studying, except for Chen Jingqiu's invitation every Sunday, he would agree to it.
Although Chen Jingqiu and he belong to the same Department of Science and Technology of the University of Science and Technology of China, they have different majors and different courses. If they do not deliberately keep in touch, they will hardly meet each other. Therefore, they will maintain contact at a fixed time every Sunday.
Basically, Chen Jingqiu came to him on his own initiative.
On Sunday evening, Chen Jingqiu contacted Sheng Mingan on WeChat.
Sheng Mingan replied: [See you in the library. 】
After sending, Sheng Mingan continued to do a mathematical calculation, but at a faster speed.
After writing down the answer in 2 minutes, he stopped writing, closed the draft paper and books, picked up the sun hat and put it on his head, Sheng Mingan picked up his backpack and went out.
People came and went in front of the male dormitory, Sheng Mingan hurried past with his head bowed, when suddenly Chen Jingqiu's voice came from behind him calling him.
He stopped and turned around, and saw Chen Jingqiu stepping out of the light and shadow, revealing his profound facial features.
The other party was wearing a simple black t-shirt and light blue straight-leg pants, a pair of white sneakers under his feet, no extra jewelry, and only a black electronic watch on his left wrist.
It looks tall and straight, fashionable and refreshing.
Chen Jingqiu handed him a bottle of peach-flavored sparkling water and a cheese wafer and said, "Going in such a hurry?"
Sheng Mingan took the sparkling water and wafers, tore open the wafers, took a bite, and said vaguely, "I thought you were waiting for me in the library."
Hearing this, Chen Jingqiu had a smile in his eyes, pressed his sore right wrist and said, "I just came back from outside, I want to see you soon."
The fact is that we haven't seen each other for a week, and the two parties are too busy to get together.
If he doesn't take the initiative and seize every minute of getting along with each other without worrying about every penny, he might not contact for a year or so, and Sheng Mingan doesn't care.
Rather than spending time maintaining a friendship, Sheng Mingan prefers to immerse himself in the academic world.
Thinking of this, the smile in Chen Jingqiu's eyes faded a bit.
"I understand..." Sheng Mingan held a wafer in his mouth, looked ahead with a serene expression, "I miss my father's warmth."
Chen Jingqiu: "..."
Chen Jingqiu: "Who taught you to say this?"
"Zhao Da's famous saying: Many people must have a father. Wang Ruo and the others said that this is a common phenomenon in contemporary society where countless people's male hormones surge and yearn to show their father's love. Ma Guangda and the others take turns being fathers every night."
Sheng Mingan finished eating the wafers and threw away the paper.
Pausing for a few seconds, "I'm joking..." He hesitated and asked, "Chen Jingqiu, are you serious?"
Chen Jingqiu said softly, "No..."
After a moment of silence, Sheng Mingan said, "You are serious..."
The next second, he lowered his head and laughed until his shoulders shook.
Chen Jingqiu held his forehead helplessly: "Is it that funny?"
He really thought that Sheng Mingan was deceived by Zhao Da and Ma Guangda's words.
Because the usual Sheng Ming'an always shows his sense of alienation from the outside world, as if he doesn't know how to use the Internet or understand popular gossip among young people.
He thought that Sheng Ming'an was a young master living in a glass cover, with an unreasonably high IQ, but only focused on academics, and his heart should be as pure as clear glass.
Sheng Mingan pursed his lips and smiled, his peach blossom eyes turned into crescent moons.
After thinking about it, he guessed the reason why Chen Jingqiu was serious.
Because of his illness, he was indeed eccentric in some respects.
But Chen Jingqiu didn't know that Father Sheng was an open-minded person, he was willing to devote all his energy to protecting Sheng Ming'an's innocence but he didn't want him to lose touch with society.
He didn't know how much Sheng's mother loved beauty, fashion, and fun. She would cultivate Sheng Ming'an's aesthetic taste and take Sheng Ming'an to play everywhere.
Therefore, Sheng Mingan has his own unconventional aesthetics, and also has hobbies and communication methods that are not out of touch with society.
Although not very obvious.
"My parents taught me..." Sheng Ming'an's expression was full of nostalgia, soft and beautiful beyond belief. "Being a man requires a sense of humor."
You may not, but you must understand.
Chen Jingqiu lowered her eyes, stared at Sheng Mingan's side face, suddenly raised her hand and lightly put her shoulder on his shoulder to look forward, and unconsciously lowered her voice: "Then... I will learn from you?"
Sheng Mingan raised his eyebrows, a little complacently: "Okay..."
The two quickly arrived at the library.
HKUST has a strong learning atmosphere, and the library is basically full.
The museum is very quiet, only the rustling of flipping books and writing.
Sheng Ming'an temporarily gave up the design of the xfel light source, and turned to read books on quantum mechanics.Chen Jingqiu on the opposite side turned out the books on plasma physics, and also took out the draft notebook while writing and memorizing.
There were several waves of people coming and going in the library, and the hour hand moved around twice silently, and soon it was eight o'clock in the evening.
Sheng Mingan closed the book, closed his eyes, picked up the ballpoint pen and the draft pad, and tried to understand the Schrödinger equation from different angles.
The Schrödinger equation is the basic law describing the laws of motion of microscopic particles.
Newtonian mechanics can no longer be used to describe the laws of motion of microscopic particles, so Schrödinger's equation was born.
The Schrödinger equation is an equation based on de Broglie and wave-particle duality by analogizing the energy conservation in the macroscopic world through the microcosm. It is the basic equation of quantum mechanics.
Although the behavior of microscopic particles is explained, the speed is not included, and the speed of microscopic particles is generally close to the speed of light, so the Schrödinger equation still has limitations.
The Schrödinger equation can be converted into equations such as the Feynman path integral, and in turn the Schrödinger equation can be derived from other equations [but the Schrödinger equation cannot be derived from itself].
Speaking of the Schrödinger equation, here is an interesting little story.
Because the biggest feature of quantum mechanics is disorder and randomness and complete uncertainty, this kind of uncertainty is not accepted by Einstein. He believes that the world should be simple and unified, with completely definite regularity.
And Schrödinger, who is a fanatic of Einstein, did the experiment of Schrödinger's cat, intending to refute the quantum theory of the Copenhagen school, but instead came up with the basic equation of quantum mechanics!
Although Schrödinger made up the Schrödinger equation, he himself is actually a staunch doubter of quantum mechanics, and he doesn't believe in the equation he made up at all.
So there is a joke in quantum mechanics: Schrödinger didn't understand the Schrödinger equation at all.
So, a big boss is a big boss, and supporting idols can support a cornerstone for laying a new world of physics.
Awesome.
Sheng Mingan muttered silently in his heart, and at the same time wrote like flying: the Lagrangian quantity of Schrodinger's equation: l【x】=i^×【x】... Substitute the Lagrangian quantity into Euler's Lagrangian equation to derive the Schrödinger's equation.
Calculate the canonical momentum of the field, and define the canonical symmetry relationship through the canonical quantization procedure: [[x, t], [x^', t]]=i...
One after another, beautiful Greek characters jumped onto the paper, filling a page quickly. Sheng Mingan turned to the second page, and Chen Jingqiu on the opposite side did the same. The draft book was full of densely packed characters.
At the long table opposite, there was a buddy who had studied for a postgraduate entrance examination for two hours. He was so tired that his eyes and brain hurt, so he got up and planned to go for a walk.
Passing by the long table of Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu, because these two people are very good-looking, they did not talk to each other after sitting down and kept writing and calculating, which actually attracted the attention of many people in the museum.
At first, this buddy wondered what they were calculating.
When passing by, I glanced subconsciously, and saw that the draft paper of the two of them was full of Greek symbols.
First reaction: Oh.A difficult brother of the Academy of Mathematics.
Take a closer look, isn't this a compatriot from the academy?
Take another look with kindness: Langmuir oscillation^2【p】=...the basic characteristics of plasma?
Wait—are freshmen really this awesome now?
look at another...
Fuck!Is this using the action of Lagrangian mechanics to push Schrödinger's equation? !
Emmm... Farewell!
This buddy was knocked into a trance by the overly tough freshmen. He decided to leave the library and go to the academy for a cup of coffee before going back to the dormitory to play games. He just walked around the square and went back to the library to continue studying.
Sheng Ming'an and Chen Jingqiu didn't know how many people in the library who couldn't help but want to shrink back because of their serious study attitude had hit or inspired them. By the time they regained their senses from the books, it was already closing time.
The librarian urged by the door, there were only a few people left in the library, and they all packed up their things and left.
Sheng Mingan pressed his temples, stood up and said, "Let's go..."
Chen Jingqiu responded, with a tired look on her face, she lowered her head and covered her mouth with the back of her hand, trying not to yawn.
It was only ten o'clock, and Sheng Mingan was full of energy, while Chen Jingqiu, who was in better health, was already sleepy.
When we met downstairs in the dormitory just now, Sheng Ming'an noticed the light blue under Chen Jingqiu's eyes. He was originally cold and fair-skinned, and the light blue was particularly prominent.
She didn't know what Chen Jingqiu was doing recently, but she was so busy that her dark circles appeared under her eyes.
Sheng Mingan didn't ask any doubts, just said: "Go back to the dormitory..."
Chen Jingqiu raised his eyes: "It's still early, how about going to the playground?"
"I have to go back to do other calculations, and you should go back to rest earlier." Sheng Mingan refused.
"I'll take you back..."
This time, Sheng Ming'an did not refuse, and the two separated in front of the dormitory.
Chen Jingqiu watched Sheng Mingan enter the building until he was out of sight, and then stayed there for a while until he saw the light in Sheng Mingan's bedroom before turning and leaving.
Back in the dormitory, after taking a simple shower, Chen Jingqiu lay down on the bed, closed the curtains, and fell asleep quickly after closing her eyes.
There was no class on Friday afternoon, so Chen Jingqiu took a plane to Hong Kong early at noon that day to contact Li Yuhua's husband, a political figure. In this regard, the technological blockade against China is too strict.
It’s embarrassing on the surface, but in fact, it’s just increasing the price and increasing the price in order to make more money.
Chen Jingqiu spent two days arguing with the smiling face, but finally let the other party let go by raising the price by 3000 million knives, promising to ship the 28-nanometer Asmer lithography machine in May next year, and now the total price has exceeded [-] million knives.
It is a full [-] million higher than the market price of Asmail lithography machine!
Even so, the procedures for purchasing this lithography machine had to go through companies in Europe, Japan and other countries, and it took several steps before it could be smuggled to China.
This is the status quo of Huaguo's semiconductor industry!
Even spending money to buy a lithography machine has to be done secretly!
After two days of weather, Chen Jingqiu only slept lightly for less than three hours out of 48 hours. After settling the contract, he hurried to catch a plane to see Sheng Mingan. Only now was he able to relax his nerves and finally fell into a deep sleep.
On the other side, Sheng Ming'an and Grandpa Sheng finished their weekly video chat, and just after they finished talking about seeing you next week, they heard a ding-dong on Grandpa Sheng's cell phone, and news came in.
Sheng Ming'an hastily caught a glimpse of the content of Grandpa Sheng's text message: [Tenghui Group invested one billion US dollars in the Seoul Hongxin project.In mid-September, the Gexin project settled in Jin City, and it is suspected that it will compete with Seoul Hongxin.Stir-fried core for all...]
Leather core project?
Another team that used the name of the chip to cut leeks? !
I have never heard of this team in my previous life. The biggest project of Baolei is Seoul Hongxin, which raked in hundreds of billions of dollars.
In addition, there are other chip projects, large and small, that have attracted more than [-] billion U.S. dollars, but this leather chip project is not seen.
strangeness……
Sheng Ming thought to himself, maybe Ge Xin was not on the list of thunderbolts, so he had no impression at all.
but……
"The name Tenghui Group sounds familiar?"
[Host, have you forgotten?Tenghui Group is the group of Chen Jingqiu's biological father, Chen Tianhe! 】
"!"
No wonder it's so familiar.
Chen Tianhe holds 70% of the shares in Tenghui Group. The industries under his name mainly involve real estate and catering industries. They are almost all over the country, and his personal assets are almost at the level of the richest man in the country.
But how could Chen Tianhe suddenly invest in a chip project that has nothing to do with the group's positioning?
And invest one billion!
Not RMB but US dollars!
The board of directors of Tenghui Group is useless, and the entire group is dominated by Chen Tianhe.
Logically speaking, which one he wants to invest in and how much he wants to inject is a matter of his own words, but Chen Tianhe is not an idiot.On the contrary, he can be said to be a business giant, otherwise Tenghui Group, which was originally only famous in Jin City, would not have developed into a nationally famous brand.
It is precisely because of this that it seems that Chen Tianhe's behavior of injecting capital into the Hongxin project is so abrupt!
The risk of cross-border investment is huge. Chen Tianhe's cash reserves should be very high, but the amount of one billion US dollars is not small, and chip research and development will not see results in a short period of time, and it is difficult to obtain income.
The Hongxin project has been declaring good news to the outside world for two years. In fact, the progress of research and development has stagnated. Even the so-called Asmer lithography machines purchased from abroad are second-hand goods eliminated by other countries, which is not suitable for large-scale investment at all. .
After an analysis, Sheng Ming'an still felt that Tenghui Group's behavior of injecting capital into the Hongxin project was very strange.
He searched the Internet and found that Internet news interviewed Chen Tianhe about this matter, and got Chen Tianhe's answer: "Domestic chips are the foundation for the development of Huaguo's semiconductor industry, and it is imminent to produce chips belonging to our own country! We cannot be choked by foreign lithography machines." Throat, we must build our own high-end lithography machine!"
"The important weapon of the country is the responsibility of our generation."
"Achievement can benefit the world at the same time. I just tried my best, which is worthless."
Scrolling down, it is full of netizens' high praise for Chen Tianhe, praising him as a benevolent businessman, with a benevolent and businessmanlike demeanor who sacrificed to the country's urgent needs and worried about the country's worries.
Sheng Mingan quit the website, but his intuition was still wrong. Chen Tianhe's words were too false. The system said that he was a psychopath, and that he was able to raise Chen Qingliu, who was about to beat up his brother because of jealousy, which showed that Chen Tianhe's character was not good.
And leather core.
Sheng Mingan searched for the Gexin project and found that the team was established last year. The goal is also to build a 16nm logic process production line. After entering Tianjin, he quickly competed with the Hongxin project in Seoul for capital injection.
Originally they were evenly matched, but with Chen Tianhe's sudden capital injection of one billion US dollars, countless companies bet on the Hongxin project one after another, while the Gexin project retreated and fell silent.
"Gexin..." Sheng Mingan stared at these two words, thoughtfully.
Immediately turn off the phone and go to bed on time.
Waking up very early the next day, Sheng Mingan packed up his books and went early to study quantum theory in an empty classroom. The attosecond ultrashort pulse xfel light source was stuck in a core technology bottleneck, and he could not find a solution, so he temporarily gave up and chose to break through black technology. Program gift.
Don't worry, although there are many difficulties, but take your time, you can't eat hot tofu in a hurry.
In the lecture theater, Sheng Mingan sat by the window and was hard at work, from Born's probability interpretation equation to the Hamiltonian operator, until he came into contact with Young's double-slit interference experiment.
The sun emerged from the clouds, and the soft golden light spread all over the earth, passing through the layers of forest leaves, and the finely fragmented sunlight fell on the window sill, and the white curtains were pulled to one side, and the sunlight fell on the By Sheng Mingan's desk.
The heat gradually increased with time, and his fingers under the sun were white and transparent. Sheng Mingan felt the heat. He stopped writing, raised his head, got up and closed the curtains, and voices gradually came from outside the corridor.
Sheng Mingan continued to return to his seat to study Yang's double-slit interference experiment.
The Schrödinger equation is an axiom under the framework of quantum mechanics, which cannot be proved, but can only be proved through experiments.The black technology program gave him an experimental proof method, but he currently cannot understand the experimental proof given by the system.
At least it is necessary to understand the basic principles of the proof experiment, understand each process, and create the experimental environment [just watching the video of the system performing in his mind, he can see that the creation of the experimental environment is not easy at all].
So he planned to start with Young's double-slit interference experiment and find inspiration from it.
The so-called Young's double-slit interference experiment uses the phenomenon of interference fringes that appear after two beams of light from the same source undergo double-slit diffraction to prove that light is a wave.
At that time, the debate on whether light was a wave or a particle lasted for nearly 100 years, until Young's double-slit interference experiment verified that light has wave-particle duality.
Later, the double-slit interference experiment was applied to verify the measurement and superposition state of quantum mechanics.
There was an eight o'clock morning class in this lecture theater. At seven o'clock, someone had already opened the door and walked in. Obviously, that person didn't expect that there would be students arriving in the classroom earlier than him.
This person is Professor Zhu of Quantum Mechanics at HKUST.
Professor Zhu was preparing textbooks on the podium, fiddled with multimedia for a while, and when he looked up again, the classroom was already half full.
He subconsciously looked towards the seat by the window, and saw that the young man was still writing and thinking in his original position.
The bell rang at eight o'clock on time. Although someone stepped in, the classroom was full and no one was absent.
Professor Zhu opened the microphone and got straight to the point: "Today, let's talk about the double-slit interference experiment of quantum mechanics..."
Before he finished speaking, everyone in the audience was in an uproar: "Professor, you will be bombed as soon as you come, what should you do if you don't have any cards in the future?"
"The wave function hypothesis made me dizzy a few days ago, and I haven't fully digested it yet..."
"Emmm, you are stagnant, and your stomach is not smooth. It is recommended to replenish your brain."
"Let's go play World of Warcraft tonight. The wave function hypothesis is the basis of quantum mechanics. If you haven't digested it yet, you won't learn anything in the next semester."
"What is the double-slit interference experiment?"
"... "
Sheng Mingan stopped writing when there were many people. He didn't have class in the morning, so he picked a classroom at random and didn't expect it to be a quantum mechanics class. So the urge to leave was suppressed, and he stayed where he was to listen to Professor Zhu's explanation.
Professor Zhu ignored the clamor below, picked up the microphone and said, "Only when you fully understand the double-slit interference experiment can you understand quantum mechanics."
After saying this, the students all fell silent, staring at Professor Zhu and the ppt behind him.
Only the voice of Professor Zhu was left in the huge lecture hall: "Many people who don't understand the double-slit interference experiment will say that it is scary, but it is not scary. It just involves the measurement and superposition state of quantum mechanics."
Sheng Ming listened to Professor Zhu quietly.
"The double-slit interference experiment was originally used to verify the wave nature of photons, but it is better to be more rigorous in quantum mechanics and use electrons for experiments."
"Here we put two very small slits a and b, and eject electrons in succession in front of the slit, or just two electrons. They will go through slits a and b, because electrons have wave properties, and waves have The nature of interference, when two electron waves interfere..."
The interference phenomenon will appear on the screen. At this time, people can observe the interference fringe pattern, thereby determining the wave nature of the particle.
Next only one electron is released.
According to normal logic, the electron either only passes through slit a or slit b. At this time, there is only one wavelength and no interference will occur. People should not observe the interference fringe pattern on the screen.
However, an accident came.
People observed the interference fringes of electrons on the screen!
In other words, the electron interferes with itself!
The concept of self-interference is the superposition state in quantum mechanics. One of the most familiar examples is Schrödinger's cat.
Before the box is opened, the cat inside may be alive or dead, that is, the superposition of the two states is the superposition state of quantum mechanics.
Now that the superposition state has been discovered, people naturally want to know how electrons interfere with themselves, when, what rules, and what the process is like. If you want to know the answer, you have to observe.
Just like people want to know whether Schrödinger's cat is alive or dead, they have to observe it, and the result can be known only by observation.
So repeat the third double-slit interference experiment, but install a detector at the slit.
It was originally thought that the process of electron self-interference would be observed, but no interference fringes were produced——
What an extremely weird experiment result!
Without measurement, the electrons interfere with themselves.
Artificially measured, electrons honestly turn into light beams.
The students below were stunned and couldn't understand what Professor Zhu was saying, but Sheng Mingan followed Professor Zhu's train of thought completely. In fact, he was shocked just now.
But after listening to it again, Sheng Ming'an still felt his scalp tingling.
"Let me put it simply, two electrons passing through two gates will interfere. Normally, an electron passing through only one gate cannot interfere, but it happens."
"That is to say, an electron passes through two gates at the same time, which is a superposition state."
"Once it is put into the detector for measurement, there will be no interference phenomenon. The electrons only pass through one gate. There is no superposition state or the superposition state immediately collapses into a path result after observation."
Just like Schrödinger's cat, if there is no observation, it has two superimposed states of life and death.Once observed, the superposition state immediately collapses into a life-or-death outcome.
"It's like saying, I took a look at you, and you are not you!"
"This world is not stored in a regular and objective framework, but a randomly variable and predictable world!"
"You looked at the moon in the last second, and turned your back this second. The moon may disappear or exist. If you look at the moon in the next second, the moon is above your head."
"You never know if your observations interfered with the moon to make it exist!"
"Speaking of the electron double-slit interference experiment, we have to talk about the delayed choice experiment extended from it—"
Sheng Mingan's eyelids trembled, and he listened intently.
The whole classroom was so quiet that a needle dropped on the ground seemed to make a loud bang.
"It takes time for a particle to pass through the slit to produce a superposition state, and human measurement will affect its result. Does that mean that we can measure it before the particle produces its result and directly affect its result?"
"All matter in the world is composed of particles, and all particles have wave-particle duality. They conform to quantum mechanics and superposition properties. When we measure the world, does it mean that we can change the world?"
Professor Zhu raised a smile and looked around at everyone present: "The more terrifying way to say it is—"
"Rewrite the past and decide the future!"
hiss--
All the students gasped.
"This is quantum mechanics." Professor Zhu said with a smile: "Next, I will ask someone to come up to do the problem. Don't worry, it is all the knowledge points I have taught-I will give an initial value for free particles, and you can find it according to the Schrödinger equation. The wave function at some point is just fine."
He turned around and scribbled down an initial wave function of a free particle on the blackboard, then turned and pointed at Sheng Mingan and said, "Student, you are the one to answer."
Sheng Mingan was stunned for a moment, he never expected that Professor Zhu would call him.
The students in the lecture hall cast sympathetic glances one after another. You must know that for a group of novices, solving the Schrödinger equation to solve the wave function is hellish.
Regardless of the Schrödinger equation directly giving the formula, it seems that it is enough to substitute the value in, but the difficulty lies in the solution process, which also involves complex mathematical formulas such as Gaussian integrals.
盛明安到讲台上端详片刻,立即不停顿的写下详细的解答过程:初始值ψ【r,0】=(2πh/【2π】)^3/2……代入薛定谔方程ih/2π……得出……
Professor Zhu nodded secretly, and was also a little surprised, because Sheng Mingan answered very quickly, probably an old student in the Department of Quantum Mechanics.
As for Sheng Ming'an's youthful-looking face, Professor Zhu forgot about it. Anyway, it's not new for HKUST's youth class to produce any kind of genius.
Sheng Mingan finished solving the problem.
Professor Zhu unceremoniously kicked him off the stage after he praised him in class. After the class was over, he called Sheng Mingan to chat with him.
Professor Zhu: "That's right. You're not a student of my class, are you?"
Sheng Mingan shook his head: "No..."
"What grade?"
"Freshman..."
"Freshmen..." Professor Zhu was surprised this time. He was not a junior class, but a freshman. To have this level of quantum mechanics shows that he is quite talented. "How long is quantum mechanics? How much do you know about Schrödinger's equation?"
"Not long. Want to predict quantum leaps."
"Hey! Aspirations are not small!"
In quantum mechanics, the quantum leap is equal to Schrödinger's cat, which cannot be predicted so far, so Sheng Ming'an's ambition is really lofty.
Sheng Mingan smiled helplessly.
No way, the experimental proof given by the black technology program is actually equivalent to proving the predictability of quantum transitions and saving Schrödinger's cat.
Professor Zhu did not laugh at Sheng Mingan, but said that it is still necessary to be down-to-earth, start with the most basic understanding, and then do this research after a thorough understanding, but he also pointed out: "You can try superconducting experiments."
Sheng Mingan was thoughtful: "A superconducting experiment?"
Professor Zhu smiled, and then changed the subject: "Do you want to consider attending the Solvay Physics Conference held at Stanford in late October this year, student Sheng Ming'an?"
Sheng Mingan was taken aback: "You know me?"
"Who doesn't know? Those old people from the optics department come here to show off every day." Professor Zhu snorted, he also just recognized Sheng Ming'an.
But think about those old shameless bragging that they have earned a gifted student for nothing, they never thought that the baby lump in their optics department would come to Quantum Mechanics!
When Professor Zhu thought about it, he was in a particularly good mood.
"The theme of this year's Solvay Physics Conference is the theory of the quantum world. In addition to the discussion in the first three days, there will be public activities afterwards. The participating scientists will give two public lectures in the next two days." Professor Zhu said: "Go there once and benefit a lot. If you are interested, find someone to take you there, or I will help you find a recommendation."
Sheng Mingan: "Is it possible?"
Professor Zhu stared: "I'm just asking you if you want to go!"
Sheng Mingan said firmly: "Go!"
That's the Solvay Physics Conference!
A physics conference where the world's top physicists gather to discuss!
The fifth conference was once known as the Solvay Physics Conference that gathers one-third of the wisdom of the world!
The physicists who participated in the conference in the past five sessions included Marie Curie, Rutherford, Einstein, Schrödinger, Bohr, and Planck...etc.
After the military training, the school officially started.
Various activities for freshmen emerged one after another in the early days of school, and Sheng Mingan was not interested in participating, so he made excuses to refuse them all.
Roommate Ma Guangda and the others are still in a state where everything is new. They are full of energy every day, leaving early and returning late, like wild dogs having fun.
They wanted Sheng Mingan to play at first, but they were rejected many times, and they gradually realized that Sheng Mingan really didn't want to participate in any club activities, so they didn't force him, and let him shuttle between the dormitory, classrooms and library by himself. .
Therefore, Sheng Ming'an's new university life was very peaceful.
The liveliness of the new students and the enthusiasm of the club to recruit new students have nothing to do with Sheng Mingan. His daily life is full of various study courses, and he has almost no time for entertainment.
The freshman course itself is relatively compact, but the knowledge points are simple, the content is basic, and the difficulty is not great.
So Sheng Mingan quickly read all the freshman textbooks of the Institute of Physics and sorted out the key points. After mastering the basic knowledge points, he went to the library to read professional books on quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics and relativity are the two basic pillars of modern physics. So far, no absolutely accurate experiment can prove or overthrow the basic theories of these two pillars.
In particular, the theory of quantum mechanics is almost entirely based on assumptions. Its assumptions can be verified but may be overturned at any time, just as the biggest feature of quantum theory itself is randomness and uncertainty.
It is precisely this randomness and uncertainty that drives people crazy and thus doubts the world.
No wonder Einstein did not believe in quantum theory until his death, and insisted that there must be a fixed value in the microscopic world that restricts the movement of microscopic particles.
Sheng Ming'an studied quantum mechanics in depth with a sense of awe. Every time he took a step forward, he felt that he was sliding into the vast and boundless microcosm. There seemed to be bright and mysterious nebulae and black holes that swallowed everything, which inspired him to have a deeper understanding of the microcosm. The level of understanding also made him tremble at the endless unknown areas of the world.
In addition to quantum theory, he also has a deep understanding of higher numbers.
In fact, there are advanced mathematics courses in the freshman year of the School of Physics, but they are relatively simple.Mathematics and physics are inseparable from each other. Physical knowledge can solve mathematical problems, and physical theory is basically inseparable from the derivation and verification of mathematical formulas.
So mastering the necessary mathematical theory is also very important.
Sheng Ming'an was not interested in anything other than studying, except for Chen Jingqiu's invitation every Sunday, he would agree to it.
Although Chen Jingqiu and he belong to the same Department of Science and Technology of the University of Science and Technology of China, they have different majors and different courses. If they do not deliberately keep in touch, they will hardly meet each other. Therefore, they will maintain contact at a fixed time every Sunday.
Basically, Chen Jingqiu came to him on his own initiative.
On Sunday evening, Chen Jingqiu contacted Sheng Mingan on WeChat.
Sheng Mingan replied: [See you in the library. 】
After sending, Sheng Mingan continued to do a mathematical calculation, but at a faster speed.
After writing down the answer in 2 minutes, he stopped writing, closed the draft paper and books, picked up the sun hat and put it on his head, Sheng Mingan picked up his backpack and went out.
People came and went in front of the male dormitory, Sheng Mingan hurried past with his head bowed, when suddenly Chen Jingqiu's voice came from behind him calling him.
He stopped and turned around, and saw Chen Jingqiu stepping out of the light and shadow, revealing his profound facial features.
The other party was wearing a simple black t-shirt and light blue straight-leg pants, a pair of white sneakers under his feet, no extra jewelry, and only a black electronic watch on his left wrist.
It looks tall and straight, fashionable and refreshing.
Chen Jingqiu handed him a bottle of peach-flavored sparkling water and a cheese wafer and said, "Going in such a hurry?"
Sheng Mingan took the sparkling water and wafers, tore open the wafers, took a bite, and said vaguely, "I thought you were waiting for me in the library."
Hearing this, Chen Jingqiu had a smile in his eyes, pressed his sore right wrist and said, "I just came back from outside, I want to see you soon."
The fact is that we haven't seen each other for a week, and the two parties are too busy to get together.
If he doesn't take the initiative and seize every minute of getting along with each other without worrying about every penny, he might not contact for a year or so, and Sheng Mingan doesn't care.
Rather than spending time maintaining a friendship, Sheng Mingan prefers to immerse himself in the academic world.
Thinking of this, the smile in Chen Jingqiu's eyes faded a bit.
"I understand..." Sheng Mingan held a wafer in his mouth, looked ahead with a serene expression, "I miss my father's warmth."
Chen Jingqiu: "..."
Chen Jingqiu: "Who taught you to say this?"
"Zhao Da's famous saying: Many people must have a father. Wang Ruo and the others said that this is a common phenomenon in contemporary society where countless people's male hormones surge and yearn to show their father's love. Ma Guangda and the others take turns being fathers every night."
Sheng Mingan finished eating the wafers and threw away the paper.
Pausing for a few seconds, "I'm joking..." He hesitated and asked, "Chen Jingqiu, are you serious?"
Chen Jingqiu said softly, "No..."
After a moment of silence, Sheng Mingan said, "You are serious..."
The next second, he lowered his head and laughed until his shoulders shook.
Chen Jingqiu held his forehead helplessly: "Is it that funny?"
He really thought that Sheng Mingan was deceived by Zhao Da and Ma Guangda's words.
Because the usual Sheng Ming'an always shows his sense of alienation from the outside world, as if he doesn't know how to use the Internet or understand popular gossip among young people.
He thought that Sheng Ming'an was a young master living in a glass cover, with an unreasonably high IQ, but only focused on academics, and his heart should be as pure as clear glass.
Sheng Mingan pursed his lips and smiled, his peach blossom eyes turned into crescent moons.
After thinking about it, he guessed the reason why Chen Jingqiu was serious.
Because of his illness, he was indeed eccentric in some respects.
But Chen Jingqiu didn't know that Father Sheng was an open-minded person, he was willing to devote all his energy to protecting Sheng Ming'an's innocence but he didn't want him to lose touch with society.
He didn't know how much Sheng's mother loved beauty, fashion, and fun. She would cultivate Sheng Ming'an's aesthetic taste and take Sheng Ming'an to play everywhere.
Therefore, Sheng Mingan has his own unconventional aesthetics, and also has hobbies and communication methods that are not out of touch with society.
Although not very obvious.
"My parents taught me..." Sheng Ming'an's expression was full of nostalgia, soft and beautiful beyond belief. "Being a man requires a sense of humor."
You may not, but you must understand.
Chen Jingqiu lowered her eyes, stared at Sheng Mingan's side face, suddenly raised her hand and lightly put her shoulder on his shoulder to look forward, and unconsciously lowered her voice: "Then... I will learn from you?"
Sheng Mingan raised his eyebrows, a little complacently: "Okay..."
The two quickly arrived at the library.
HKUST has a strong learning atmosphere, and the library is basically full.
The museum is very quiet, only the rustling of flipping books and writing.
Sheng Ming'an temporarily gave up the design of the xfel light source, and turned to read books on quantum mechanics.Chen Jingqiu on the opposite side turned out the books on plasma physics, and also took out the draft notebook while writing and memorizing.
There were several waves of people coming and going in the library, and the hour hand moved around twice silently, and soon it was eight o'clock in the evening.
Sheng Mingan closed the book, closed his eyes, picked up the ballpoint pen and the draft pad, and tried to understand the Schrödinger equation from different angles.
The Schrödinger equation is the basic law describing the laws of motion of microscopic particles.
Newtonian mechanics can no longer be used to describe the laws of motion of microscopic particles, so Schrödinger's equation was born.
The Schrödinger equation is an equation based on de Broglie and wave-particle duality by analogizing the energy conservation in the macroscopic world through the microcosm. It is the basic equation of quantum mechanics.
Although the behavior of microscopic particles is explained, the speed is not included, and the speed of microscopic particles is generally close to the speed of light, so the Schrödinger equation still has limitations.
The Schrödinger equation can be converted into equations such as the Feynman path integral, and in turn the Schrödinger equation can be derived from other equations [but the Schrödinger equation cannot be derived from itself].
Speaking of the Schrödinger equation, here is an interesting little story.
Because the biggest feature of quantum mechanics is disorder and randomness and complete uncertainty, this kind of uncertainty is not accepted by Einstein. He believes that the world should be simple and unified, with completely definite regularity.
And Schrödinger, who is a fanatic of Einstein, did the experiment of Schrödinger's cat, intending to refute the quantum theory of the Copenhagen school, but instead came up with the basic equation of quantum mechanics!
Although Schrödinger made up the Schrödinger equation, he himself is actually a staunch doubter of quantum mechanics, and he doesn't believe in the equation he made up at all.
So there is a joke in quantum mechanics: Schrödinger didn't understand the Schrödinger equation at all.
So, a big boss is a big boss, and supporting idols can support a cornerstone for laying a new world of physics.
Awesome.
Sheng Mingan muttered silently in his heart, and at the same time wrote like flying: the Lagrangian quantity of Schrodinger's equation: l【x】=i^×【x】... Substitute the Lagrangian quantity into Euler's Lagrangian equation to derive the Schrödinger's equation.
Calculate the canonical momentum of the field, and define the canonical symmetry relationship through the canonical quantization procedure: [[x, t], [x^', t]]=i...
One after another, beautiful Greek characters jumped onto the paper, filling a page quickly. Sheng Mingan turned to the second page, and Chen Jingqiu on the opposite side did the same. The draft book was full of densely packed characters.
At the long table opposite, there was a buddy who had studied for a postgraduate entrance examination for two hours. He was so tired that his eyes and brain hurt, so he got up and planned to go for a walk.
Passing by the long table of Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu, because these two people are very good-looking, they did not talk to each other after sitting down and kept writing and calculating, which actually attracted the attention of many people in the museum.
At first, this buddy wondered what they were calculating.
When passing by, I glanced subconsciously, and saw that the draft paper of the two of them was full of Greek symbols.
First reaction: Oh.A difficult brother of the Academy of Mathematics.
Take a closer look, isn't this a compatriot from the academy?
Take another look with kindness: Langmuir oscillation^2【p】=...the basic characteristics of plasma?
Wait—are freshmen really this awesome now?
look at another...
Fuck!Is this using the action of Lagrangian mechanics to push Schrödinger's equation? !
Emmm... Farewell!
This buddy was knocked into a trance by the overly tough freshmen. He decided to leave the library and go to the academy for a cup of coffee before going back to the dormitory to play games. He just walked around the square and went back to the library to continue studying.
Sheng Ming'an and Chen Jingqiu didn't know how many people in the library who couldn't help but want to shrink back because of their serious study attitude had hit or inspired them. By the time they regained their senses from the books, it was already closing time.
The librarian urged by the door, there were only a few people left in the library, and they all packed up their things and left.
Sheng Mingan pressed his temples, stood up and said, "Let's go..."
Chen Jingqiu responded, with a tired look on her face, she lowered her head and covered her mouth with the back of her hand, trying not to yawn.
It was only ten o'clock, and Sheng Mingan was full of energy, while Chen Jingqiu, who was in better health, was already sleepy.
When we met downstairs in the dormitory just now, Sheng Ming'an noticed the light blue under Chen Jingqiu's eyes. He was originally cold and fair-skinned, and the light blue was particularly prominent.
She didn't know what Chen Jingqiu was doing recently, but she was so busy that her dark circles appeared under her eyes.
Sheng Mingan didn't ask any doubts, just said: "Go back to the dormitory..."
Chen Jingqiu raised his eyes: "It's still early, how about going to the playground?"
"I have to go back to do other calculations, and you should go back to rest earlier." Sheng Mingan refused.
"I'll take you back..."
This time, Sheng Ming'an did not refuse, and the two separated in front of the dormitory.
Chen Jingqiu watched Sheng Mingan enter the building until he was out of sight, and then stayed there for a while until he saw the light in Sheng Mingan's bedroom before turning and leaving.
Back in the dormitory, after taking a simple shower, Chen Jingqiu lay down on the bed, closed the curtains, and fell asleep quickly after closing her eyes.
There was no class on Friday afternoon, so Chen Jingqiu took a plane to Hong Kong early at noon that day to contact Li Yuhua's husband, a political figure. In this regard, the technological blockade against China is too strict.
It’s embarrassing on the surface, but in fact, it’s just increasing the price and increasing the price in order to make more money.
Chen Jingqiu spent two days arguing with the smiling face, but finally let the other party let go by raising the price by 3000 million knives, promising to ship the 28-nanometer Asmer lithography machine in May next year, and now the total price has exceeded [-] million knives.
It is a full [-] million higher than the market price of Asmail lithography machine!
Even so, the procedures for purchasing this lithography machine had to go through companies in Europe, Japan and other countries, and it took several steps before it could be smuggled to China.
This is the status quo of Huaguo's semiconductor industry!
Even spending money to buy a lithography machine has to be done secretly!
After two days of weather, Chen Jingqiu only slept lightly for less than three hours out of 48 hours. After settling the contract, he hurried to catch a plane to see Sheng Mingan. Only now was he able to relax his nerves and finally fell into a deep sleep.
On the other side, Sheng Ming'an and Grandpa Sheng finished their weekly video chat, and just after they finished talking about seeing you next week, they heard a ding-dong on Grandpa Sheng's cell phone, and news came in.
Sheng Ming'an hastily caught a glimpse of the content of Grandpa Sheng's text message: [Tenghui Group invested one billion US dollars in the Seoul Hongxin project.In mid-September, the Gexin project settled in Jin City, and it is suspected that it will compete with Seoul Hongxin.Stir-fried core for all...]
Leather core project?
Another team that used the name of the chip to cut leeks? !
I have never heard of this team in my previous life. The biggest project of Baolei is Seoul Hongxin, which raked in hundreds of billions of dollars.
In addition, there are other chip projects, large and small, that have attracted more than [-] billion U.S. dollars, but this leather chip project is not seen.
strangeness……
Sheng Ming thought to himself, maybe Ge Xin was not on the list of thunderbolts, so he had no impression at all.
but……
"The name Tenghui Group sounds familiar?"
[Host, have you forgotten?Tenghui Group is the group of Chen Jingqiu's biological father, Chen Tianhe! 】
"!"
No wonder it's so familiar.
Chen Tianhe holds 70% of the shares in Tenghui Group. The industries under his name mainly involve real estate and catering industries. They are almost all over the country, and his personal assets are almost at the level of the richest man in the country.
But how could Chen Tianhe suddenly invest in a chip project that has nothing to do with the group's positioning?
And invest one billion!
Not RMB but US dollars!
The board of directors of Tenghui Group is useless, and the entire group is dominated by Chen Tianhe.
Logically speaking, which one he wants to invest in and how much he wants to inject is a matter of his own words, but Chen Tianhe is not an idiot.On the contrary, he can be said to be a business giant, otherwise Tenghui Group, which was originally only famous in Jin City, would not have developed into a nationally famous brand.
It is precisely because of this that it seems that Chen Tianhe's behavior of injecting capital into the Hongxin project is so abrupt!
The risk of cross-border investment is huge. Chen Tianhe's cash reserves should be very high, but the amount of one billion US dollars is not small, and chip research and development will not see results in a short period of time, and it is difficult to obtain income.
The Hongxin project has been declaring good news to the outside world for two years. In fact, the progress of research and development has stagnated. Even the so-called Asmer lithography machines purchased from abroad are second-hand goods eliminated by other countries, which is not suitable for large-scale investment at all. .
After an analysis, Sheng Ming'an still felt that Tenghui Group's behavior of injecting capital into the Hongxin project was very strange.
He searched the Internet and found that Internet news interviewed Chen Tianhe about this matter, and got Chen Tianhe's answer: "Domestic chips are the foundation for the development of Huaguo's semiconductor industry, and it is imminent to produce chips belonging to our own country! We cannot be choked by foreign lithography machines." Throat, we must build our own high-end lithography machine!"
"The important weapon of the country is the responsibility of our generation."
"Achievement can benefit the world at the same time. I just tried my best, which is worthless."
Scrolling down, it is full of netizens' high praise for Chen Tianhe, praising him as a benevolent businessman, with a benevolent and businessmanlike demeanor who sacrificed to the country's urgent needs and worried about the country's worries.
Sheng Mingan quit the website, but his intuition was still wrong. Chen Tianhe's words were too false. The system said that he was a psychopath, and that he was able to raise Chen Qingliu, who was about to beat up his brother because of jealousy, which showed that Chen Tianhe's character was not good.
And leather core.
Sheng Mingan searched for the Gexin project and found that the team was established last year. The goal is also to build a 16nm logic process production line. After entering Tianjin, he quickly competed with the Hongxin project in Seoul for capital injection.
Originally they were evenly matched, but with Chen Tianhe's sudden capital injection of one billion US dollars, countless companies bet on the Hongxin project one after another, while the Gexin project retreated and fell silent.
"Gexin..." Sheng Mingan stared at these two words, thoughtfully.
Immediately turn off the phone and go to bed on time.
Waking up very early the next day, Sheng Mingan packed up his books and went early to study quantum theory in an empty classroom. The attosecond ultrashort pulse xfel light source was stuck in a core technology bottleneck, and he could not find a solution, so he temporarily gave up and chose to break through black technology. Program gift.
Don't worry, although there are many difficulties, but take your time, you can't eat hot tofu in a hurry.
In the lecture theater, Sheng Mingan sat by the window and was hard at work, from Born's probability interpretation equation to the Hamiltonian operator, until he came into contact with Young's double-slit interference experiment.
The sun emerged from the clouds, and the soft golden light spread all over the earth, passing through the layers of forest leaves, and the finely fragmented sunlight fell on the window sill, and the white curtains were pulled to one side, and the sunlight fell on the By Sheng Mingan's desk.
The heat gradually increased with time, and his fingers under the sun were white and transparent. Sheng Mingan felt the heat. He stopped writing, raised his head, got up and closed the curtains, and voices gradually came from outside the corridor.
Sheng Mingan continued to return to his seat to study Yang's double-slit interference experiment.
The Schrödinger equation is an axiom under the framework of quantum mechanics, which cannot be proved, but can only be proved through experiments.The black technology program gave him an experimental proof method, but he currently cannot understand the experimental proof given by the system.
At least it is necessary to understand the basic principles of the proof experiment, understand each process, and create the experimental environment [just watching the video of the system performing in his mind, he can see that the creation of the experimental environment is not easy at all].
So he planned to start with Young's double-slit interference experiment and find inspiration from it.
The so-called Young's double-slit interference experiment uses the phenomenon of interference fringes that appear after two beams of light from the same source undergo double-slit diffraction to prove that light is a wave.
At that time, the debate on whether light was a wave or a particle lasted for nearly 100 years, until Young's double-slit interference experiment verified that light has wave-particle duality.
Later, the double-slit interference experiment was applied to verify the measurement and superposition state of quantum mechanics.
There was an eight o'clock morning class in this lecture theater. At seven o'clock, someone had already opened the door and walked in. Obviously, that person didn't expect that there would be students arriving in the classroom earlier than him.
This person is Professor Zhu of Quantum Mechanics at HKUST.
Professor Zhu was preparing textbooks on the podium, fiddled with multimedia for a while, and when he looked up again, the classroom was already half full.
He subconsciously looked towards the seat by the window, and saw that the young man was still writing and thinking in his original position.
The bell rang at eight o'clock on time. Although someone stepped in, the classroom was full and no one was absent.
Professor Zhu opened the microphone and got straight to the point: "Today, let's talk about the double-slit interference experiment of quantum mechanics..."
Before he finished speaking, everyone in the audience was in an uproar: "Professor, you will be bombed as soon as you come, what should you do if you don't have any cards in the future?"
"The wave function hypothesis made me dizzy a few days ago, and I haven't fully digested it yet..."
"Emmm, you are stagnant, and your stomach is not smooth. It is recommended to replenish your brain."
"Let's go play World of Warcraft tonight. The wave function hypothesis is the basis of quantum mechanics. If you haven't digested it yet, you won't learn anything in the next semester."
"What is the double-slit interference experiment?"
"... "
Sheng Mingan stopped writing when there were many people. He didn't have class in the morning, so he picked a classroom at random and didn't expect it to be a quantum mechanics class. So the urge to leave was suppressed, and he stayed where he was to listen to Professor Zhu's explanation.
Professor Zhu ignored the clamor below, picked up the microphone and said, "Only when you fully understand the double-slit interference experiment can you understand quantum mechanics."
After saying this, the students all fell silent, staring at Professor Zhu and the ppt behind him.
Only the voice of Professor Zhu was left in the huge lecture hall: "Many people who don't understand the double-slit interference experiment will say that it is scary, but it is not scary. It just involves the measurement and superposition state of quantum mechanics."
Sheng Ming listened to Professor Zhu quietly.
"The double-slit interference experiment was originally used to verify the wave nature of photons, but it is better to be more rigorous in quantum mechanics and use electrons for experiments."
"Here we put two very small slits a and b, and eject electrons in succession in front of the slit, or just two electrons. They will go through slits a and b, because electrons have wave properties, and waves have The nature of interference, when two electron waves interfere..."
The interference phenomenon will appear on the screen. At this time, people can observe the interference fringe pattern, thereby determining the wave nature of the particle.
Next only one electron is released.
According to normal logic, the electron either only passes through slit a or slit b. At this time, there is only one wavelength and no interference will occur. People should not observe the interference fringe pattern on the screen.
However, an accident came.
People observed the interference fringes of electrons on the screen!
In other words, the electron interferes with itself!
The concept of self-interference is the superposition state in quantum mechanics. One of the most familiar examples is Schrödinger's cat.
Before the box is opened, the cat inside may be alive or dead, that is, the superposition of the two states is the superposition state of quantum mechanics.
Now that the superposition state has been discovered, people naturally want to know how electrons interfere with themselves, when, what rules, and what the process is like. If you want to know the answer, you have to observe.
Just like people want to know whether Schrödinger's cat is alive or dead, they have to observe it, and the result can be known only by observation.
So repeat the third double-slit interference experiment, but install a detector at the slit.
It was originally thought that the process of electron self-interference would be observed, but no interference fringes were produced——
What an extremely weird experiment result!
Without measurement, the electrons interfere with themselves.
Artificially measured, electrons honestly turn into light beams.
The students below were stunned and couldn't understand what Professor Zhu was saying, but Sheng Mingan followed Professor Zhu's train of thought completely. In fact, he was shocked just now.
But after listening to it again, Sheng Ming'an still felt his scalp tingling.
"Let me put it simply, two electrons passing through two gates will interfere. Normally, an electron passing through only one gate cannot interfere, but it happens."
"That is to say, an electron passes through two gates at the same time, which is a superposition state."
"Once it is put into the detector for measurement, there will be no interference phenomenon. The electrons only pass through one gate. There is no superposition state or the superposition state immediately collapses into a path result after observation."
Just like Schrödinger's cat, if there is no observation, it has two superimposed states of life and death.Once observed, the superposition state immediately collapses into a life-or-death outcome.
"It's like saying, I took a look at you, and you are not you!"
"This world is not stored in a regular and objective framework, but a randomly variable and predictable world!"
"You looked at the moon in the last second, and turned your back this second. The moon may disappear or exist. If you look at the moon in the next second, the moon is above your head."
"You never know if your observations interfered with the moon to make it exist!"
"Speaking of the electron double-slit interference experiment, we have to talk about the delayed choice experiment extended from it—"
Sheng Mingan's eyelids trembled, and he listened intently.
The whole classroom was so quiet that a needle dropped on the ground seemed to make a loud bang.
"It takes time for a particle to pass through the slit to produce a superposition state, and human measurement will affect its result. Does that mean that we can measure it before the particle produces its result and directly affect its result?"
"All matter in the world is composed of particles, and all particles have wave-particle duality. They conform to quantum mechanics and superposition properties. When we measure the world, does it mean that we can change the world?"
Professor Zhu raised a smile and looked around at everyone present: "The more terrifying way to say it is—"
"Rewrite the past and decide the future!"
hiss--
All the students gasped.
"This is quantum mechanics." Professor Zhu said with a smile: "Next, I will ask someone to come up to do the problem. Don't worry, it is all the knowledge points I have taught-I will give an initial value for free particles, and you can find it according to the Schrödinger equation. The wave function at some point is just fine."
He turned around and scribbled down an initial wave function of a free particle on the blackboard, then turned and pointed at Sheng Mingan and said, "Student, you are the one to answer."
Sheng Mingan was stunned for a moment, he never expected that Professor Zhu would call him.
The students in the lecture hall cast sympathetic glances one after another. You must know that for a group of novices, solving the Schrödinger equation to solve the wave function is hellish.
Regardless of the Schrödinger equation directly giving the formula, it seems that it is enough to substitute the value in, but the difficulty lies in the solution process, which also involves complex mathematical formulas such as Gaussian integrals.
盛明安到讲台上端详片刻,立即不停顿的写下详细的解答过程:初始值ψ【r,0】=(2πh/【2π】)^3/2……代入薛定谔方程ih/2π……得出……
Professor Zhu nodded secretly, and was also a little surprised, because Sheng Mingan answered very quickly, probably an old student in the Department of Quantum Mechanics.
As for Sheng Ming'an's youthful-looking face, Professor Zhu forgot about it. Anyway, it's not new for HKUST's youth class to produce any kind of genius.
Sheng Mingan finished solving the problem.
Professor Zhu unceremoniously kicked him off the stage after he praised him in class. After the class was over, he called Sheng Mingan to chat with him.
Professor Zhu: "That's right. You're not a student of my class, are you?"
Sheng Mingan shook his head: "No..."
"What grade?"
"Freshman..."
"Freshmen..." Professor Zhu was surprised this time. He was not a junior class, but a freshman. To have this level of quantum mechanics shows that he is quite talented. "How long is quantum mechanics? How much do you know about Schrödinger's equation?"
"Not long. Want to predict quantum leaps."
"Hey! Aspirations are not small!"
In quantum mechanics, the quantum leap is equal to Schrödinger's cat, which cannot be predicted so far, so Sheng Ming'an's ambition is really lofty.
Sheng Mingan smiled helplessly.
No way, the experimental proof given by the black technology program is actually equivalent to proving the predictability of quantum transitions and saving Schrödinger's cat.
Professor Zhu did not laugh at Sheng Mingan, but said that it is still necessary to be down-to-earth, start with the most basic understanding, and then do this research after a thorough understanding, but he also pointed out: "You can try superconducting experiments."
Sheng Mingan was thoughtful: "A superconducting experiment?"
Professor Zhu smiled, and then changed the subject: "Do you want to consider attending the Solvay Physics Conference held at Stanford in late October this year, student Sheng Ming'an?"
Sheng Mingan was taken aback: "You know me?"
"Who doesn't know? Those old people from the optics department come here to show off every day." Professor Zhu snorted, he also just recognized Sheng Ming'an.
But think about those old shameless bragging that they have earned a gifted student for nothing, they never thought that the baby lump in their optics department would come to Quantum Mechanics!
When Professor Zhu thought about it, he was in a particularly good mood.
"The theme of this year's Solvay Physics Conference is the theory of the quantum world. In addition to the discussion in the first three days, there will be public activities afterwards. The participating scientists will give two public lectures in the next two days." Professor Zhu said: "Go there once and benefit a lot. If you are interested, find someone to take you there, or I will help you find a recommendation."
Sheng Mingan: "Is it possible?"
Professor Zhu stared: "I'm just asking you if you want to go!"
Sheng Mingan said firmly: "Go!"
That's the Solvay Physics Conference!
A physics conference where the world's top physicists gather to discuss!
The fifth conference was once known as the Solvay Physics Conference that gathers one-third of the wisdom of the world!
The physicists who participated in the conference in the past five sessions included Marie Curie, Rutherford, Einstein, Schrödinger, Bohr, and Planck...etc.
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