New Shun 1730

This statement is quite heartbreaking, but it seems to make sense.

As for whether it is true or not, or whether it is really true, it is really hard to say.

It cannot be said that the emperor was wrong to change the imperial examination system and promote practical learning.

From the perspective of "no interest, just belief", the practical learning school believes that it is always good for practical learning to become a subject that everyone in the world must learn, and to be promoted from miscellaneous learning to the status of formal learning.

Of course, if it is related to interests, that is another matter. After the rise of practical learning in the first-developed regions, many people who are close to the water and get the moon first, such as the top 1,000 talents in practical learning, if practical learning education is really popularized throughout the country, once the population base increases, let alone the top 1,000, I am afraid that the top 10,000 may not be ranked.

If the court directly abolishes the old learning and all the vacant positions are directly tested in practical learning, wouldn't it be a matter of everyone having an official position for some existing practical learning students? Now, with this reform model, schools and practical education are being rolled out, isn't that equivalent to "rolling up"? Originally, a radical reform might have made him a township head, but now he can only be a primary school teacher; originally, only such a small number of places recruited people, and he could have been admitted to the top practical schools such as Sungkyunkwan, but after the reform, he might only be admitted to the Agricultural University in the Huaibei Salt Reclamation Area to learn to grow cotton.

This is all very normal. It doesn't mean that if you learn practical knowledge or advanced knowledge, you will become a saint.

And the equal-field faction said that they took advantage of the situation, which was actually taking advantage of this situation, taking advantage of the mentality of the practical school to pull out all the carrot pits occupied by the old school, and carrying out radical court reforms.

This itself is very similar to the set of things in Saint-Simonism in history: people are divided into three classes, and those who are truly capable of learning real knowledge are naturally the ruling class of the new era; the old ruling class with vested interests who occupy the toilet but do not shit and are considered useless; and the common people.

However, in the original version of Saint-Simonism, in view of the situation in France, and the fact that France did not have a civil service examination system at that time, which was very advanced in the era of paper and printing, the ruling class of the new era he delineated refers to bankers, industrial capitalists, craftsmen, inventors, artists, etc.

On the other hand, because Dashun had a very advanced imperial examination system in the era of paper and printing, it opposed practical learning and old learning, believing that practical learning was the bureaucrats of the new era, while old learning was the vested interests that gave up the local government early.

On the other hand, for the traditional old school, in fact, over the years, the trend of practical learning being heavy and classics being light has been inevitable for everyone with a discerning eye.

The old classics examination has come to an end, and many people have realized it.

But it does not mean that the examination system behind the imperial examination has come to an end. Dashun is not so radical now, or it is not so desperate and completely inferior to the fact that its backbone has been broken by others. Therefore, it still has its own understanding of the examination system behind the imperial examination, and believes that this system is better than other methods.

And the "school system" itself, at least the school itself, is retro. Including Wang Anshi's reform in the past, that was also a school system in the name of retro.

Let most of the gentry and landlords who make a living from the imperial examination learn more, and the backlash caused will not be so great - as long as the imperial examination system itself exists, it is fine, as for what to test, it is not impossible to change. Even if the eight-part essay is changed to a test of reciting the foreign Bible Quran, there is no difference in the effect alone.

To put it bluntly, those who were able to enter the palace examination in the past had the IQ and learning ability to fight through thousands of troops, and if they had learned arithmetic, geometry, physics and chemistry since elementary school, they could also have fought out.

Liu Yu had said long ago that he was just an average person who got the moon first because he was close to the water. This is really not modesty.

In terms of the school system, Dashun was more like a variation of Wang Anshi's Sanshe method at this time, and the core was still examination selection.

The imperial examination system had problems, but the problem was not the examination system.

On the contrary, in the era of paper and printing, the examination selection system, as of 1793, was definitely the most advanced selection system in the world.

It was just that the content of the examination and the things learned were not good.

But the problem was that the school system was not a private school, and it required funding from the court to build it. And at the current level of Dashun, it was obviously impossible to popularize schools in rural areas.

To a certain extent, Dashun's current educational reform has hindered the mobility between classes compared to the past; it has also widened the gap between urban and rural areas; and it will also cause a decline in rural literacy.

This is beyond doubt.

To put it simply, civilian self-cultivating peasant families could still open their minds and learn to read in private schools in the village before.

If it is to carry out school education, Dashun certainly does not have the ability to build schools in every village. The imperial power still does not extend below the county level, that is, the schools are popularized at the county level, and that is the best - if the Dashun court is not crazy and implements the three-tax model and increases the student tax.

Then, if this reform does not touch the rural land system, ownership, grassroots management and other issues, the landlords and gentry will undoubtedly be more willing.

Because it is still the imperial examination in essence.

It’s just that the content of the imperial examination has changed, and the content of the test questions has changed.

Moreover, the landlords and gentry who can live in the city by relying on land rent actually have a greater advantage in the examination.

They may oppose out of "pure consciousness".

But they benefit in terms of interests, so they can't make a big fuss and won't cause a very violent backlash.

In fact, behind this reform, it is still what the equal-field faction said: the development of county towns based on forced agricultural surpluses such as land rent is itself deformed and unhealthy. The imperial examination reform actually consolidated this deformed model of county towns sucking blood from the countryside through land rent.

This deformed model is problematic, and it is a big problem.

Indeed, before the 19th century, Dashun's handicraft industry was the best in the world. Relying on this deformed industry and commerce based on agricultural land rent surpluses, relying on the size of Dashun, it did have a great advantage in the "factory handicraft" era before the 19th century.

Not to mention this time, even in the Ming Dynasty, any place in the Songsu area was not inferior to the handicrafts in Florence and other places, and it could even be said to be much stronger. Even in Indian places like Dhaka, the city size was shocking to Clive and others in history.

But the upper limit of this model is very low - the upper limit is Paris, which sucked blood and became a Paris that could compete with France, and made industry and commerce mainly luxury goods.

Now, the reform of the school system is being carried out without touching the most basic rural areas, land and other issues, which means that this is aggravating this abnormal development, while destroying the original old model of rural politics, gentry and clans, without building a new one.

Breaking the old is to build the new.

If you don’t build the new, but break the old, you will actually fall into chaos and regression.

This is not to say that reforming the imperial examination system and establishing schools is a regression in itself.

Rather, it means that the related issues behind this matter are regression.

Of course, this may not be a bad thing for the emperor, at least in the short term.

After all, Napoleon, who was a colleague of the emperor, also said: Let the children of the poor go to school, it is easy to cause trouble. So the tuition fee of the École Polytechnique was raised sharply, thus preventing the children of the poor from entering the best universities.

And the Dashun Emperor wanted to reform the school, which was equivalent to saying: If you are not a middle-class landlord or gentry who lives on land rent, you have no money, why do you go to the practical school in your county?

Perhaps, possibly, probably, the emperor really wanted to "save himself" and was afraid that he would be regarded as a lackey by the emerging class with growing power, hoping to rebalance.

In the past, the reform was because the power of the imperial examination and the gentry landlords was too strong, so the practical school was introduced to check and balance.

Now it is the other way around, the balance of power has changed, so we have to rely on conservative and corrupt forces to fight against the emerging class.

After all, it is the emperor who sits in the Forbidden City.

The emperor's goal is power and family.

Including the fact that the old emperor supported Liu Yu's reform before, it was just an advancement of the "collect money-raise troops-suppression" model at the beginning. Relying on external plunder, colonization, overseas trade, tariffs, etc., Dashun obtained fiscal revenue that previous dynasties dared not to think of.

Of course, people's hearts are separated from their stomachs. These are just some bold guesses in the Tongru Society, and may not be true.

Moreover, this matter itself is indeed a bit strange, and it is really a bit like a big fart. There was a lot of fanfare before, but at the last minute, a reform of the imperial examination system was carried out. It is hard to say whether it was just for the so-called opening of the roof and windows; or for some other reason.

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When the young people in Lai Jin Yu Xuan were arguing fiercely, in the Forbidden City, the old emperor avoided others and said a shocking word to his favorite son.

"After I die, the flood will be overwhelming."

After hearing this, the prince was sweating all over. Just as he was about to say something auspicious, Li Xi waved his hand and said, "Who can be immortal? I am not interested in life and death, but in the chaos in the future."

"This time, the corpse of Duke Xingguo is returned. From what Europe has seen, Europe will be in chaos within ten years. Now that various machines are widely used, the 'unprecedented blood and fire disease, not the past weakness and deficiency disease' that Duke Xingguo said in the past is going to break out."

"Bian Que met Duke Huan and left a message for future generations: Never be afraid of illness and avoid medical treatment. Once you know the disease, you should prescribe the right medicine, instead of pretending that nothing is wrong today. My son, do you understand what I mean?"

The prince knelt down and said, "Your son understands what your father means. Nowadays, many prominent scholars in the academic world talk about the possibility of this unprecedented disease of excessive blood and fire."

"That's why there are theories of equal distribution of land, reclamation, and eastward expansion. It's also called 'expanding the market'."

The old emperor smiled, but stretched out a finger and shook it. Shake said: "The term reclamation is too general. There are reclamation by small farmers and reclamation by capital, and the difference between them is huge."

"Before I built railways, opened up borders, rewarded meritorious officials, sold land... all of which were reclamation by capital, which is also what Xingguo Gong said was production for the purpose of selling money."

"And the disease of 'unprecedented blood and fire' mentioned by Xingguo Gong in the past also arose from this. In previous dynasties, the concerns were all about weakness and insufficiency, but now, we have to face blood and fire."

"Since it is production for the purpose of exchange and selling money, it is known that after deducting costs, wages, etc., he must make money. In other words, within this system alone, he must produce more than he can buy."

"Therefore, never mention reclamation in general. When talking about reclamation, we have to say, is it reclamation where the tiller has his own land? Or is it reclamation produced by capital for the purpose of selling money, like the story north of Songliao?"

"Xingguo Gong always speaks half of the words. The ancients said: I annotate the Six Classics, and the Six Classics annotate me. Now, it is actually the same."

"There are different explanations and solutions to future problems. But in my opinion, maybe I have misunderstood Xingguo Gong's original intention, but I believe that a production model outside the so-called capitalist system is needed to accommodate these productions. Otherwise something big will happen.”

"Either external expansion, equalizing farmland among small farmers, taxing taxes to raise soldiers, or using work as relief to build large-scale construction projects. Once the bloody and angry disease mentioned by Xingguo Gong breaks out, this may be the medicine to cure the disease."

"As for letting go of the money gate, we are trying to put out the fire, or even drink poison to quench thirst. I already have excessive blood and get angry, but if I eat fat and fat, I will get sick in the future. Who can cure it?"

"It's not that I don't know what Xianxue calls the matter of equalizing land in the east. It's just that when this thing is done, it matters a lot; who it depends on to do it, it matters a lot; whose money is used to do it, it matters a lot. Be particular about it.”

"Everyone in the world thinks that I am going to carry out major reforms, redeem land, force colonists to save money, etc. But I am going to reform the imperial examination system first. Do you know the reason behind this?"

The prince thought for a moment and said hesitantly: "My father's intention is not not to not do it, but the time has not come yet? My father's intention is to do it when the flood comes?"

"However, the poem goes: When it is not raining in the sky, the mulberry soil is clear, and the windows are ready. When it is not raining, it is time to repair the windows."

"Furthermore, I believe that winning in chaos requires skill and intelligence. In the future... in the future..."

Li Han laughed and said: "What in the future? If I die early in the future, are you afraid that your skills and talents are not enough?"

The prince was sweating coldly and did not dare to answer. Li Han sighed and said: "At this time of changes that have not happened in a thousand years, the continuation of the ancestral temple is a matter of changing destiny against the will of heaven. If it cannot be done, the ancestral temple will die; and it will go against the will of the heaven. Only by changing your destiny and winning in the chaos can you protect the ancestral temple and gain a chance of survival."

"An ancient saying goes: The Great Dao is fifty, Heaven's evolution is forty-nine, and Humanity is one. This glimmer of hope can only be grasped in the midst of great chaos."

"Such a fate-changing thing is extremely slim to begin with. Since we can only get a glimmer of hope out of a certain death situation, that's all."

"It's done, this crown can still last."

"If you can't do it, the crown will fall to the ground and no one will dare to pick it up."

"But if you don't do anything, sooner or later the crown will fall and the ancestral temple will fall."

"So, if that's the case, why not take advantage of the crisis, give it a try, and seize that glimmer of life in the dark?"

These words sound natural and understandable.

But in fact, it seems like nothing was said.

The prince asked in confusion: "Father, where is this glimmer of hope?"

Li Han raised his head, glanced in the direction where Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself a hundred and fifty years ago, and said: "In the past, Emperor Taizu came to Beijing and said: You are not very dark. This glimmer of hope is here."

"In the past, when Xing Guogong reformed the salt policy, he only used 'differentiation and disintegration'. If you don't use one of them, you can defeat them one by one."

"Nowadays, some people are spreading the so-called fake letter in the name of Duke Xingguo. Regardless of whether it is true or false, the way of class is indeed reasonable."

"Now that you know the move, you can break it."

"Someone, in an act of righteousness, said that all white people belong to me. You must never say outright that I am black. On the contrary, you also used the color white and said that I represent the white people. Darkly, white is divided into white horses, white cows, white pigs, and white dogs. , white goose, white chicken... don't let one of them disintegrate and disintegrate, and if the other cannot be the same, you must seek the vitality of the so-called "Jun Fei Shen Dark".

"You will raise whatever flag is raised by the one who threatens you the most."

"He wants to treat the root cause, and you treat the symptoms."

"If he wants to pull allies, you pull them away first."

"In the future, you will be the emperor, and the initiative will be yours. As long as there is no uniformity in the court, there will always be someone available."

"The matter of equalizing land can be done, and it can be done. If we don't do it today, it's not impossible, it's just not done."

"Why?"

"Because small farmers can survive for a long time, this is not an immediate crisis. The Fusang land is there. It will not be able to fly away in ten years, and the Europeans will not be able to take it. As for the local tyrants who want to stand on their own and monopolize Fusang's resources, the land will be wiped out in an instant. ”

"And the current crisis is the so-called excessive blood syndrome. Once the Europa incident occurs and all kinds of machinery are used, big things will happen."

"Cities are much better than rural areas. Once a rebellion breaks out, it will shake up finances and taxes, and it is much easier to organize than rural people."

"However, this crisis can be resolved if you are on top of it in the future. By the way, you can also collect its share capital at a low price through taxation and gradually return it to the government, so that those who fail to learn in practice can be supervised by the government."

"As for the unemployed employees, they may be recruited into the army to attack Japan and order greater compensation; or they may be given subsidies to move to the southern ocean to cultivate fusang and cultivate fields."

"After this crisis is over, large industries such as shipping and maritime trade will be returned to government ownership. After stabilization, depression will no longer exist and prosperity will return. During this period, you can use the benefits of government-owned industry to balance land and expand your business. The farmers were relocated and took advantage of the renewed prosperity to redeem their land using the old methods of forced savings and forced industrial bonds.”

"The breath is like a tide."

"When it is prosperous, the forced savings and forced industrial bonds will be used to redeem the land, equalize the land, relocate the people, and use the redeemed forced industrial bonds to invest in development and make profits."

"In times of crisis, they use fiscal and tax bonds to buy shares, gradually become government-owned, expand externally, and seize the market to demand compensation."

“Relief comes when there is a depression.”

“Prosperity leads to rural migration.”

"What's more, since we have the land of Fuso in the Southern Ocean, we can also introduce policies to win over people's hearts. If the workers work for twenty years, the imperial court will grant them acres of land overseas. The expenses required during this period will be paid by the factory owners out of their wages. Deduction on your behalf.”

"In this case, the hired workers will have to think about whether to listen to the court and wait for a few years to have a hundred acres of overseas farmland as their property? Or do they want to do whatever they want?"

Speaking of this, Li Xuxu pointed to the distance and said to the prince earnestly: "What are the billions of acres of land in Fusang and the South Ocean?"

"It is a resource rewarded and granted by the emperor."

"Instead of a resource used to achieve a well-off world."

"It is used to resolve conflicts in times of crisis."

"Instead of making the world richer in times of prosperity."

"As for Japan, India, Africa, and even Fusang, the South Ocean, and the South Sea, they can all be the emperor's savings. Use them in times of hardship, rather than squandering them in times of prosperity. If it is Japan, you can still squeeze out a lot of gold and silver, markets, But now there is no need to squeeze. "

"Therefore, the world's prominent scholars believe that the equal distribution of land should be done and can be done. However, it is not that they cannot do it, but that they do not do it. Those who do not do it are not unwilling to do it, but that it is not the right time. "

"Some people say that if the land is equalized now, the resettlement will be completed in 30 years, the industry will develop, and hundreds of millions of people will be rich; if the land is not equalized now, the number of people who die every year from famine, poverty, usury, exploitation, gentry, etc., will not be less than one million... A gentleman stays away from the kitchen, and if he can't bear it, he will not see it. "

"Relief, exemption, slaughter, and shearing should be used alternately, and one should not be obsessed with one method. Tension and relaxation are the ways of civil and military affairs. "

Speaking of which, isn't the trick that the Japanese central bank has been playing recently essentially the same trick as the real estate mortgage bank of Ma Bentsan? Liquidity was almost gone, and finally the big banks bought up the entire Japanese industry and nationalized it. In name, they were playing Saint-Simon's game, with the super-large banks holding the stocks and bonds of the industry and acting as the baton of the industry; but in reality, they were trying to implement the idea of ​​industrial feudalism and tribute? It's been almost two hundred years, and it's still the same game.