My system is not decent

If Chen Wenzhe wants to copy the lacquerware in Haihunhou's tomb, he naturally has to study the various types of utensils unearthed there, especially the decorations.

If you don't understand these decorations, it is impossible to successfully imitate them.

Of course, during this process, Chen Wenzhe also learned some small techniques, such as wood dehydration and restoration techniques.

Because the lacquered woodware exhibited in the museum are all restored by the hands of these young people.

The restoration work is the most complicated, and the first step is drying.

After the cultural relics are shaped as a whole, the paint leather and the remaining pieces are glued on.

At the beginning of this kind of work, I feel that "everything is difficult", but after studying and practicing for a few years, I will gradually find the feeling.

It's just that if you dare not learn any technology, you must have hobbies to support it.

Otherwise, working long hours will only feel boring.

As long as you like it, you can concentrate on the pieces of lacquered woodware that are in urgent need of restoration.

Or measure records, or turn over the mold, or carefully fit the lacquered woodware to the mold and shape it.

Each step takes a long time, and it often takes a day to do it without knowing it.

Engaged in the restoration of cultural relics, need to endure loneliness.

So choose a career, the most important thing is to like it.

It starts with love and becomes with persistence.

Under the "rejuvenation" of the cultural relics workers, the cultural relics have gradually recovered from the wreckage and fragments to the shape and size of the vessel.

From oxidative dimming to "repairing the old as the old" to regain its brilliance, this not only prolongs the life of cultural relics, but also "resurrects" history through cultural relics.

A total of more than [-] precious cultural relics were unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou, including a large number of exquisite lacquered woodware.

These lacquerware are enough for Chen Wenzhe to learn how to make them for a while.

This batch of lacquered woodware is exquisitely crafted, with a wide variety and a huge quantity.

Since June 2016, a one-year statistical, collation and classification work has been carried out on the lacquered woodware unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou in the Western Han Dynasty.

This sorting work involved more than 2000 pieces of lacquered woodware unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Haihun, of which more than 1100 pieces are relatively intact and can recognize the shape of the utensils.

Most of the rest are remnants of lacquered wood or lacquered leather.

To study lacquerware, you must first know the materials and production techniques, that is, the quality of the tire and the method of production.

Since it is lacquerware, it is wooden tire first.

According to the production method, wooden tires can be divided into three categories: chopping, spinning, and rolling.

Cutting is a method of cutting out the shape of a vessel on a whole piece of wood.

There are traces of production (such as cutting, gouging, chiseling, carving, planing, etc.) on the wooden body.

The lacquered woodware made by this method mainly include spoons, ear cups, cases, scabbards, sword boxes, spools (winding rods), wooden figurines, etc.

Then there is spinning, which is a manufacturing method in which a whole piece of wood is turned to form a shape, leaving traces of spinning on the wooden body.

The lacquered woodware made by this method are mainly plates and bowls.

The third is rolling, which is a method of rolling out the wall of the vessel with thin wood boards, leaving traces of connection on the wooden body.The lacquered woodware made by this method is mainly 卮.

In addition to wooden tires, there are also sandwich tires.

The sandwich tire is made of wood or mud, and then several layers of linen are attached to the inner tube.

After the linen is dry, remove the inner tube (that is, "borrowing"), and use the linen as the fetal bone.

The lacquered wooden wares that use clamp tires mainly include 奁, bell, 卮, plate, bowl, 笥 and so on.

In addition to tires and craftsmanship, the next thing is to study the patterns and characters on lacquerware.

Most of the decorations are lacquer paintings, and most of them are cloud patterns, triangular patterns and deformed bird head patterns, followed by animal patterns such as dragons, tigers, and mythical animals.

Most of the characters are written with vermilion lacquer and black lacquer, and some of them are inscribed. The characters can be divided into four categories.

First mark the item owner, or maker.

Such as "Li Ju (Li's cup)", "Zhang's", "Pang's", "Changyi", "Anwu Cao", "Dasuo Cao", "Guo Ye Cao", "Zhuang Cao", "Cao" and so on.

Then there is the function of marking the name of the object, and the quantity and size.

Such as "ten pieces of Xuyin bowls", "fifty pieces of Xuyin six-liter plates", "five medical workers, medicinal soup", "medicine", "wine cups and royal wine", "royal wine cup", "jiazi", "five" and so on.

The third is to express blessings, or admonitions.

For example, "food officials should be cautious about their mouths", "be careful not to speak on the wine plate", "it's called Shouhuan, and the imperial wine plate will be served, and after this gathering, there will be no trouble in the day."

The last is the name of Wule, which comprehensively records the production information.

Like "Xianyi, thirty-five strings, the forbidden length is two feet and eight inches, and the height is seven inches. In June of the seventh year of Changyi, Jiazi, the chief minister of rites and music began, and the minister was blessed, and the serge was made by the minister."

"Privately painted wooden scorpions, one combination, one bucket of lacquer, one liter of six scorpions, Danyu, Choubu, Caiyong, and labor prison, all combined in 960. It was built in nine years in Changyi, and it was thirty."

"Privately painted danmu, one combination, one bucket of lacquer, two liters and seven pieces, Danyue, ugly cloth, property, and labor prison, all in 690. Made in Changyi for 11 years, [-] pieces."

Once you know the craftsmanship, decoration, and tire quality, you can classify them.

Most of the lacquer and wood wares unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou are practical wares, and a few are Ming wares.

According to the function, it can be divided into five categories: eating utensils, daily utensils, weapons and weapon utensils, musical instruments and musical utensils, and Ming utensils.

Eating utensils include ear cups, goblets, plates, bowls, spoons, and bells.

Household utensils include boxes, dowries, canes, sticks, tables, and chessboards.

Weapons and weapons include shields, crossbows, scabbards, sword boxes, and twisting shafts (winding rods).

Musical instruments and musical instruments include harp, harp, rattles, and chime stands.

Ming vessels are mainly wooden figurines.

Let's talk about eating utensils first, this category is the most.

For example, ear cups, 567 pieces were found in the tomb of Haihunhou.

Of course, these only count those who can recognize the shape of the vessel.

The ear cups are all oval, with crescent-shaped ears on both sides, round lips, arc walls, flat bottom, and short ring feet.

According to the size, decoration and writing of the ear cups, they can be divided into five types: imperial wine cups, plain noodles cups, "Cao" cups, Li cups (large) and Li cups (small).

Then there are 3 pieces of imperial wine cups. These wine cups are made of clip tires, painted with black lacquer on the outside, red lacquer on the inside, and black lacquer on the lip and inner bottom.

The inner bottom is engraved with cloud pattern, and there is a circle around the cloud pattern, which is composed of eight groups of vermilion-painted double-dot patterns, and an edge decorative pattern band composed of parallel line intervals.

The mouth of the earcup is decorated with a circle of red-painted double-dot patterns along the outside (including the edge of the ear).

The inner bottom is engraved with the four characters "Food Officer Be Careful", and the outer bottom is engraved with the three characters "Royal Wine Cup".

These wine glasses belong to the lacquer imperial wine glass, which is a status symbol, and this kind of wine glass is even more rare because it is made of wood.

In addition to these royal wine cups, there are also 15 plain noodle cups.

They are made of wood, with black lacquer on the outside, vermilion lacquer on the inside, and black lacquer on the lip and inner bottom.

The whole body has no decoration on the surface, 13 in length, 10 in width, 3.5 cm in height and 45 grams in weight.

In addition to these more precious wooden wine cups, the Cao character cup is the most numerous, with a total of 301 pieces found.

They are also made of wood, with black lacquer on the outside, red lacquer on the inside, and black lacquer on the lips.

The whole body has no decoration on the plain surface, and the three characters "Guo Yecao" are written in black lacquer on the inner bottom.

The cup is 14 long, 13 wide, 4.5 centimeters high and weighs 105 grams.