My system is not decent

The bottom feet of Kangxi utensils also have strong characteristics of the times.

For example, cutters usually have a two-story base, and pen holders usually have a jade base;

In the early stage of the ring foot, the bottom of the "crucian carp back" with both sides beveled is mostly sharp, and after the middle stage, it is basically a round "loach back" bottom;

There are many double-circle bottoms in the large market. This kind of bottom appeared from the end of Ming Dynasty and Shunzhi period, and was popular until the middle period of Kangxi period.

There are various types of inscriptions. In the early days, dry and branched inscriptions were mostly used, and regular scripts were mostly used in annual inscriptions.

After the mid-term, various hall names, pictures and monograms became popular, and they became popular until Yongzheng.

There are also many imitation models and fake entrustment models, especially the imitation Jiajing models.

It's just that Kangxi's products from the third Qing Dynasty can be regarded as fine products.

Therefore, no matter what type of Kangxi porcelain, the market value is not low.

Of course, Yongzheng and Qianlong will be higher.

Especially the porcelain from the Yongzheng period, as I have said before, Chen Wenzhe also imitated the porcelain from the Yongzheng period.

It's just that the imitation at that time was mainly monochromatic glazed porcelain, and Yongzheng blue and white porcelain was not spared alone.

In the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, the blue-and-white wares actually did not have much innovation.

There is no way around it. For 5000 years, not to mention anything else, it is just a piece of porcelain, which has been thoroughly studied by the ancients.

So in the Ming Dynasty, it was already very difficult to bring forth the new through the old.

In this period, if you want to make good porcelain, you need to imitate it!

It's just that these official kiln porcelains are imitated from the previous official kilns.

In this way, the porcelains of the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties still mostly imitated the Su Maliqing of Ming Yongle and Xuande.

However, there were no imported materials during the Yongzheng period, and it was characterized by rust stains on the tip of the pen.

The second is the light-drawn blue and white imitation. In addition to the differences in the body, glaze, and green material, the imitation Ming utensils are also an important point of difference.

The tire interface of the bright device is connected up and down, and the clear device is connected front and back.

During the Yongzheng period, the workmanship was fine and the tires were carefully repaired, while the folk kilns were rough and had tire marks.

During the Qianlong period, especially in the later period, the craftsmanship began to decline.

In addition to the varieties inherited from the previous dynasty, there are also innovative varieties of blue and white Linglong porcelain.

Of course, to be precise, it is not considered innovative, but the quality of production is definitely the best.

Jingzhen blue and white exquisite porcelain is a treasure in porcelain making technology.

Linglong porcelain is also called "rice flower", Neon people call it "Mitong", and Westerners call it "glass-embedded porcelain".

Seriously speaking, it was created and developed on the basis of the hollowing out technique during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, with a history of more than 500 years.

Porcelain workers use blades to carve out rice grains on the blank body, so they are called "Mi Tong", also known as Linglong Eyes.

After hollowing out and carving, it is filled with exquisite glaze, decorated with blue and white decorations, and fired in a kiln.

The characteristics of this blue and white exquisite porcelain are very obvious, that is, dexterity, clarity, and transparency, and it looks particularly elegant and clean.

Blue and white Linglong is the product of cleverly blending blue and white and Linglong in terms of craftsmanship and artistic treatment.

The green and transparent exquisite, and the elegant green blue and white, set off each other.

Its glaze surface is white and blue, the material color is verdant and green, exquisite and green and transparent, there are glazes in the glaze, flowers in the flowers, and the combination is seamless.

It adopts engraving techniques, and first carved out a number of exquisite eyes of a certain shape on the porcelain body.

Then use the special Linglong glaze to fill the eyes.

Then painted with blue and white, glazed and fired at high temperature.

Blue and white Linglong is highly praised by people for its exquisite and transparent, quiet and elegant, exquisite and delicate, simple and generous artistic features, which give people a fresh and bright feeling.

The production of this exquisite porcelain stems from product defects.

In the Song Dynasty, Jingzhen porcelain had a product called smoked furnace, and the furnace cover was decorated with hollows.

Probably due to accident, in the process of firing the smoker, due to the good fluidity of the glaze at high temperature, and the firing temperature is often not strictly controlled, the temperature in the kiln is too high, so that the glaze flows after melting, and the furnace cover Fill the hole on the top of the kiln, and when it comes out of the kiln, it will be bright and transparent when exposed to the light.

This accidental product defect inspired the craftsmen, and finally successfully fired crystal clear and exquisite porcelain in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty.

During the Chenghua period in the mid-Ming Dynasty, Jingzhen was not only able to produce exquisite porcelain in batches, but also combined crystal clear exquisite porcelain with green and elegant blue and white to form ingenious patterns, and fired the world-famous blue and white exquisite porcelain, which became Jingzhen porcelain. A generation of famous products.

In modern times, blue and white exquisite porcelain is mainly concentrated on daily-use porcelain such as tableware and tea sets.

In terms of creative ceramics, Jingzhen ceramic artists also made Linglong porcelain into blue and white porcelain jewelry.

The blue and white exquisite porcelain combined with modern beauty is the characteristic of Jingzhen creative ceramics.

As for the Qianlong period, it can only be said that the blue and white exquisite porcelain was carried forward.

Xu Zhiheng's "Yinliu Zhai Shuo Porcelain" records: "Plain porcelain is very thin, and those with carved patterns and blue colors are called shadow blue carvings, while those with holes on both sides are called Linglong porcelain."

In fact, engraving on porcelain appeared as early as the Neolithic Age, and at first only simple patterns could be engraved.

It was not until the Song Dynasty that kiln workers created Linglong porcelain when they were firing incense burners.

Since then, this kind of porcelain has been spread and finally developed steadily during the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty.

During the period of Longqing and Wanli, Linglong porcelain was all the rage.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, porcelain workers skillfully combined blue and white and exquisite porcelain to form blue and white exquisite porcelain.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial kiln factory also imitated firing.

The main utensils are Linglong Stove, Linglong Gaiwan, Linglong Pen Holder and Linglong Fragrant Dowry, etc.

Among them, the representative works are Qing Qianlong blue and white exquisite porcelain cover bowls. During the Qing Qianlong period, blue and white exquisite porcelain reached its peak stage.

There are many reasons for this. First of all, Emperor Qianlong especially admired the porcelain of the former dynasty.

According to some experts, the reason why the Qianlong Imperial Kiln Factory produced blue and white exquisite porcelain was out of imitation of Yongle exquisite porcelain.

Second, the perfection of porcelain-making technology during the Qianlong period promoted the perfection of blue-and-white exquisite porcelain technology.

Since the middle period of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Jingzhen Royal Kiln Factory was officially restored.

The arrival of Tang Ying during the Yongzheng period made the craftsmanship of the imperial kiln factory more refined.

During the Qianlong period, Tang Ying officially took over as the pottery supervisor.

Since then, my country's porcelain industry has entered a period of high development, and both craftsmanship and art are striving for perfection.

Finally, Qianlong blue and white exquisite porcelain was widely favored by Western princes and nobles because of its exceptionally exquisite and beautiful production.

As a result, it has become one of the important export varieties. Under the stimulation of export sales, the production of blue and white exquisite porcelain is more prosperous.

After Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, with the decline of national strength and porcelain making technology, blue and white exquisite porcelain also began to show a certain downward trend.

But in general, it still has a large domestic and foreign market, and its products are increasingly inclined to daily use.

Therefore, if we want to carry forward and flourish, we also need to look at the contemporary era.

The current blue and white exquisite porcelain art is developing faster.

In the early 90s, the annual output reached about 2900 million pieces, making blue and white exquisite porcelain famous all over the world.

In addition, Jingzhen Hongqi Porcelain Factory, Hongguang Porcelain Factory and Art Porcelain Factory also produced large quantities of blue and white exquisite porcelain.

(End of this chapter)