My system is not decent

The Xuande period after Yonglehe was the peak of porcelain production.

The green materials used in this period are mainly Sunibo green, and "rust spots" are more common.

There are also some domestic green materials, but even if they are domestic materials, the hair color is quite good.

The types of utensils include plates, bowls, pots, cans, cups, etc.

In particular, some mitral pots, flat pots with ribbons, and flower watering pots appeared.

This reflects the cultural exchange and integration with Outland during this period.

There are many kinds of entwined or broken branches, flowers and fruits, dragons and phoenixes, sea water, sea monsters, swimming fish and so on.

The fetal quality is finer and denser than before, the enamel is plump and moist, and orange peel lines are more common.

Compared with the utensils of the two dynasties, the Yongle utensils are thinner and more beautiful.

The blue and white hair color is richer and the rust spots are heavier.

The decoration is sparser and the description is more delicate.

The bottom glaze is relatively white, and most of the utensils have no inscriptions, only the four-character seal script inscription "Yongle Nianzhi".

The body of Xuande ware is thicker, the decoration is tighter, and the bottom glaze is slightly green.

There are many money-carrying devices, including four-character or six-character annual models, and there is a saying that "Xuande money covers the whole body".

Generally speaking, Xuande blue and white has a large number, variety and wide influence, so there is a saying that "blue and white flowers are the most recommended in Xuande".

However, at the time of Yongle, there were indeed such models, especially the four-character Yongle year-made inscriptions.

Yongle style is the general name of Ming Yongle official kiln porcelain style.

The official kiln porcelain was crowned with the emperor's year name, which began in the Yongle period and became a custom.

However, most of them do not have year marks, and a small number of them have year marks, which can be divided into three types: blue and white material or glaze red material writing, cone engraved and die-printed models.

Seal script is the most common type of inscription, and there are some regular script and running cursive.

Seal script inscriptions are the most common type on Yongle official kiln porcelain, and all the four characters "Yongle Nianzhi" are arranged in double lines.

Cone-cut and die-printed styles are mainly found on Yongle single-color glazed porcelain.

It is located in the center of the inner bottom or on the inner wall, and the inscriptions are arranged in two rows in the sunflower center or in a single circle.

Die-printed models are mainly found on sweet white glaze thin tire stampers.

Cone engraved models are mainly found on Yongle red glaze or sweet white glaze engraved vases.

The Yongle style, whether written or engraved or printed, has smooth strokes, rounded strokes and rigorous structure.

For the Yongle year model, the common borders mainly include single circle, dragon and phoenix, lace, wheel shape, cloud pattern, and oval double circle.

There are also single circles plus lace, single circles with moiré decorations, etc.

The trimmings come in various forms and are finely depicted, which is also one of the important features of the Yongle reign model.

In the early years of Yongle, the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty set up an imperial device factory in JDZ.

The fired imperial wares are the earliest official kiln models in Jingzhen.

Yongxuan porcelain is very famous. Chen Wenzhe has dabbled in it before, and he also collected many precious porcelains from the Xuande period.

Therefore, regarding this aspect, Chen Wenzhe did not want to study too deeply this time.

Instead, he paid more attention to the next three dynasties, because this is a very famous gap in history, that is, the famous blank period.

During the Zhengtong, Jingtai and Tianshun dynasties of the Ming Dynasty, due to political turmoil, natural and man-made disasters and other factors, the economy declined.

Moreover, from the beginning of orthodoxy, it has been ordered many times to "prohibit the manufacture of official porcelain".

Therefore, the number of porcelains in this period is relatively small, which is called the "blank period" in the history of ceramics.

Generally speaking, the types of utensils in this period are mainly bottles, cans, bowls, cups, plates and so on.

Some of the green materials used are "Su Qing".

Some of the blue and white hair colors are rich and gorgeous, similar to Xuande ware, and some are light and elegant, closer to Chenghua ware.

The glaze is mostly gray, and the carcass is thicker.

The bottom foot is not finely cut, but has a sense of solidity;

Shallow and wide flat sand bottoms are mostly seen, some have sticky sand, and some have flint red.

Orthodox bottles and cans have straight necks, which are consistent with Xuande vessels;

Tianshunshi is like a trapezoid with a narrow top and a wide bottom, which is similar to that of Chenghua.

The bodies of bottles and cans are full shoulders, round belly, lowered, and feet slightly turned outward;

The body of the plum vase is longer than that of Xuande.

The decoration is mainly one-stroke dots, including figures, flowers, dragons and phoenixes, peacocks and so on.

For the background of the characters, a large cloud pattern is often drawn.

Bottles and cans are decorated with patterns of sea water or banana leaves. The middle stems of the banana leaves are white, and the leaf surface is relatively wide, like a small tree.

Inscription recognition, the orthodox one is the inscription of blessing;

Jingtai's inscriptions from the beginning moved from the heart to the bottom of the vessel. In addition to the blessing characters, there are also "Taiping Nianzao", "Taiping", "Da Nianzao" and so on;

Tianshun has chronological models, Sanskrit models and so on.

The development and evolution process of official kiln bottom money in Ming Dynasty is very interesting.

Of course, this period is also very important, because it is also from this period that the porcelain organ models we have seen for a long time officially appeared.

Careful analysis reveals that the production of porcelain in the Ming Dynasty can be divided into three periods.

Early period (1368-1435): Hongwu, Jianwen, Yongle, Hongxi, Xuande; the Yong and Xuan Dynasties were the peaks.

Middle period (1435-1521): Zhengtong, Jingtai, Tianshun, Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde;

Among them, the porcelain of the Chenghua period is the most famous, known as "Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty".

Late period (1521-1644): Jiajing, Longqing, Wanli, Taichang, Tianqi, Chongzhen.

Affected by the three major factors of geographical discovery, commodity globalization, and currency silverization, the output and export scale of porcelain in the Jiajing and Wanli periods reached the peak of the Ming Dynasty.

Before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Jingzhen porcelain did not have a standard inscription.

After Yongle, official kiln porcelain began to appear with the reign title of the dynasty on the signature, to demonstrate the supremacy and uniqueness of imperial power.

The folk kiln products are mainly dry branch money and picture mark money.

The most common is to write in blue and white, in addition, there are concealed engraving, embossed printing and alum red.

In fact, official year porcelain can be traced back to the Song Dynasty at the earliest, but it is rare, let alone formed a system.

For example, the inscriptions of "Jinguan" and "Gongyu" can be seen on the soles of some utensils built in the Song Dynasty, which were used as inscriptions of tribute.

There are several Ru kiln wares in the collection of Wanwan Palace Museum with the words "Fenghua" and "Cai" engraved on the bottom of the wares.

Among them, "Fenghuazun" is the favorite piece of Ru kiln wares of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty.

This point was specifically imitated when Chen Wenzhe fired Ru kiln porcelain.

The word "Fenghua" is said to be the Fenghua Palace where Mrs. Liu, the favorite concubine of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty, lived.

The bottle and the statue with these two characters are the porcelain displayed in Mrs. Liu's palace.

Next is the Ding Kiln. In the Ding Kiln, there are some utensils inscribed with "Official" and "Xinguan" in the Northern Song Dynasty, and they are also considered to be special porcelain for the court.

On some white glazed porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty, the word "Private Office" was molded (called "Private White Porcelain").

There are also "Taixi", "Dongwei", "Fushou" and so on.

Other than that, there are very few other inscriptions.

The practice of formally writing the emperor's calendar on the bottom of the porcelain began in the Yongle Dynasty, but compared with later generations, it is still not common.

During the Xuande period, the emperor liked to show off, and under the prosperous atmosphere formed by the "rule of benevolence and Xuande", his personal desires were quite inflated.

It is precisely because of this that the porcelain organ styles of the Xuande period were really formed, and they were formed very exaggeratedly.