My system is not decent

Finally, I want to talk about the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen. After Ming Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunwen was defeated and left the palace, his whereabouts have always been a mystery.

Recently, in Shangjinbei Village in the Ningde area of ​​Hujian, an ancient tomb with a very majestic look was discovered.

Experts and scholars inside and outside the province believe that Emperor Jianwen was defeated in the "Battle of Jingnan", fled after burning the palace, and finally fled to eastern Fujian.

Scholars who have studied the ancient tombs in Shangjinbei Village in Ningde believe that the tombs discovered in Shangjinbei Village may be the mausoleum of Emperor Jianwen that historians have been searching for for 600 years.

There are many versions of the legend that Emperor Jianwen went into hiding after the Jingnan Battle.

As for whether this ancient tomb is the mausoleum of Emperor Jianwen, there is no way to confirm it now.

What is certain now is that Emperor Jianwen's four-year imperial journey will come to an end.

As an emperor he was too benevolent, sometimes even indecisive.

If you let him be a courtier, I believe he can love the people like a son and have a breeze in his sleeves.

But being an emperor is different, the emperor is destined to be inseparable from blood, he wants to eliminate dissidents, he wants to establish imperial prestige.

If this cannot be done, the emperor will eventually be eliminated by history. Emperor Jianwen is such a tragic figure.

So what about after Emperor Jianwen?As the winner, what did Zhu Di do after he came to power?

The date and style of official kiln porcelain in the Yongle Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty is also a big problem now.

Still talking about porcelain, the royal porcelain fired by the Jingzhen Imperial Kiln Factory during this period is relatively unique in terms of official kiln inscriptions.

For example, Yongle blue and white porcelain is generally not inscribed by official kilns.

At present, only the heart of the Ming Yongle blue and white hand-pressing cup in the Palace Museum in Shendu is seen, and there is a four-character seal script inscription "Yongle Nianzhi".

This is the only type of Yongle blue and white porcelain with style.

According to Gu Yingtai in the late Ming Dynasty, "Museum Yaolan" records: "The cup made in Yongle, with a flat mouth, bent waist, sandy feet and a slippery bottom, with a double lion rolling a ball in the center... This is the top grade, and the mandarin duck heart is second. , and those who play hard are next.”

The collections of the Palace Museum in Shendu can be mutually confirmed with the literature records.

And through this sentence, those who want to imitate Yongle blue and white ware should know that Yongle blue and white double lion rolling ball pressing cup should be the most valuable.

However, Chen Wenzhe, who wanted to imitate as many porcelains as possible, knew better that he could also imitate mandarin duck cups and flower heart cups.

Don't think that some people in the Ming Dynasty said which kind of porcelain was good, and it has been handed down to this day, and it is still the best.

Just like among pressed hand cups, mandarin duck patterns are very rare.

Even in the old collections of the Forbidden City in Shendu, there is a lack of mandarin duck patterns. Now only imitations of Wanli in Ming Dynasty and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty can be seen.

Therefore, even if it is among the grades of the Ming Dynasty, it is not as good as the pressed hand cup in the style of double lion rolling balls.

But now, it is more precious because it is rarer.

After all, they are all official kiln wares, and the quality is not much different. The reason why there are grades is just that the masters of the court have different preferences.

Of course, there is also a reason for class division. No matter how you divide it, lions are of a higher rank than mandarin ducks.

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It is very easy to achieve the purpose of authenticity after this kind of imitation is made old.

In addition to the particularity of the blue and white inscriptions of the Yongle official kiln, judging from the handed down products, there are inscribed and molded underglaze dark inscriptions on the carcass of Yongle white glaze or red glaze porcelain.

Such porcelains are all inscribed in the four-character seal script of "Yongle Nianzhi".

The strokes of the font are thick and round, and the structure is rigorous.

It mostly appears under the glaze of sweet white glazed porcelain and red glazed porcelain, which is a special mark of Yongle period.

It should be noted that a so-called sweet white glaze dark flower thin body porcelain is common on the market, and it is often engraved with cloud dragon and cloud phoenix patterns.

The four-character inscription "Yongle Nianzhi" is engraved on the bottom of the vessel, and the word "Tian" is also secretly engraved.

This kind of white-glazed thin-bodied porcelain has an extremely thin carcass, as if half-embraced.

It is thinner than Ming Yongle sweet white glaze ware, Ming Chenghua bucket color ware, and Qing Kangxi colorful twelve flower cups.

Before Chen Wenzhe made thin-bodied porcelain, he specialized in this technique.

Generally, this kind of thin-bodied porcelain is fine and white, and the pattern is very clear when viewed through a light source.

Many collectors mistook this kind of utensils for Ming Yongle sweet white glaze ware, which is very wrong.

In fact, there are quite a few fabricated antiques nowadays, such as the fabricated "Yongle Nianzhi" underglaze red twig-wrapped flower pattern bowl.

If you want to collect, you need to pay attention to several common imitations with the "Yongle" style.

One is the underglaze red bowl with twigs and flower patterns, and the inner part of the bowl is written in "Yongle Nianzhi" underglaze red seal script.

The glaze of this small bowl is very bright!

In fact, judging from the excavated materials of the imperial kiln factory in the Ming Dynasty, the underglaze red porcelain of the Yongle period was still very immature, and handed down products are extremely rare.

Another type of imitation often bears the inscriptions consisting of words such as "reward", "imperial gift" and "qinci", and is forged as a reward from the royal family.

This is even more deceptive to collectors who do not understand the characteristics of Yongle porcelain.

Neon Osaka Municipal Oriental Art Museum has two Ming Yongle white-glazed plum vases in its collection.

On the shoulder of the bottle, the word "Neifu" is written in blue and white script. The brushwork is sparse and simple, and it is simple and vigorous. It was an imperial vessel during the Yongle period.

According to the information currently available, there are only two similar utensils in China.

One is the Shendu Literature Research Institute, which unearthed a white-glazed plum vase in Ming Yongle "Neifu" excavated in Dianhai.

The other one is that in the 90s, a collector in Shendu bought a white-glazed plum vase in Ming Yongle "Neifu" in Xiangjiang.

But these two utensils do not have blue and white bottle caps.

It is because the Ming Dynasty Neifu used to go abroad such plum vases, so now there are fake "Neifu" white-glazed and dark dragon pattern eight-edged plum vases on the market.

In today's market, especially in the high-end market, it cannot be said that it is common, but it is still possible to see similar imitations occasionally.

As long as we study the characteristics of Yongle sweet white glaze and blue and white hair color carefully, it is not difficult to distinguish the authenticity of this kind of imitation.

The newly imitated utensils, as well as the blue-glazed and red-glazed plum vases with the words "neifu" and "shufu" written in white glaze on the shoulders, are all fabricated utensils.

Everyone knows the blue and white porcelain of Yongle and Xuande.

However, those who are not extremely professional people in the industry simply don't understand how high the level of blue and white porcelain in these two periods is.