My system is not decent

Dehua kiln underglaze blue and white porcelain began to be produced in the Ming Dynasty, and became mature and refined in the Qing Dynasty, fully embodying its scientific performance in terms of technology and materials.

The underglaze blue and white is made of cobalt oxide as the main pigment to paint on the green body, and the colorless transparent glaze is applied outside, and fired at high temperature.

Because the blue and white are painted under the glaze, the pigment is originally very fine. After firing, it is completely melted between the glazes, making it appear smooth, flat, crystal clear, rich in color, and not easily affected by external oxidation and acidification, and will not corrode. fall off.

Therefore, as soon as blue and white porcelain entered the international market, it was widely welcomed, and blue and white porcelain became an important commodity in foreign trade at that time.

In this case, it promoted the production and leap of Dehua blue and white porcelain.

Almost all kiln sites in the Qing Dynasty produced blue and white porcelain, and the production areas spread throughout the county.

Even in the most remote mountains and dense forests, where there are no villages, kiln sites of the Qing Dynasty can be found.

Among them, Shangshangyong, Gekeng, Tangtou, Xunzhong, Longxun, and Sanban are the most densely populated.

How prosperous was the Dehua kiln in the Qing Dynasty?

Not to mention anything else, just the mouth of the kiln, it is everywhere.

Especially in Baomei Village, Xunzhong Village, Gaoyang Village, Longtai Village in Chengguan and Sibin Village in Sanban Township, almost every household is engaged in porcelain production.

At that time, the elderly, women and children used the porcelain industry as a sideline of the family, and the young and middle-aged were engaged in farming when they were busy with farming, and porcelain when they were idle.

In Gaoyang Village alone, there are 23 kiln sites in the Qing Dynasty, one after another, all over every mountain.

According to records, there were as many as 5000 Dehua porcelain workers in the heyday of the Qing Dynasty.

It can be seen that the production scale and high output of Dehua blue and white porcelain at that time reached an unprecedented level.

It is a pity that there is no record in the history books about the production method of Dehua blue and white kiln.

However, judging from the porcelain specimens collected at the kiln site, some kilns have only one business name.

However, in Dehua, most of the blue and white kiln sites were found to have more than two business names.

Such as "abundance, abundance, Shengyu" and so on.

These phenomena show that the production of Dehua blue and white porcelain kilns at that time was operated by one family alone, or jointly operated by two or several households, and most of them were jointly operated.

In the case of joint operation, each household makes porcelain blanks separately, and fires them together when firing the kiln, thus forming a production method of "making blanks separately and firing kilns in cooperation".

This unique production method must fully consider the production and sales of products, and consider the expected economic benefits in the fierce market competition.

They must spend less time and produce more finished products.

That is to say, it can't be finely crafted and pursue complicated processing, and it can't be rough at the same time.

Therefore, the unpretentious folk kiln art style of Dehua folk kiln blue and white has gradually formed, reflecting the characteristics of folk art that are not withered, and catering to the aesthetic taste of most consumers.

In the Qing Dynasty, Dehua blue and white porcelain was exported. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Quangang and Zhanggang declined, and Xiamen Port rose. Dehua porcelain was exported from Xiamen Port.

Especially in the 23rd year of Kangxi, AD 1684, the Qing government officially established customs in Xiamen.

At that time, after the Ministry of Household Affairs sent personnel to "discuss the tax collection of Fujian Customs", more Dehua porcelain was exported from Xiamen Port.

In addition, Dehua blue and white porcelain also goes directly to Angang and Fugang through Dazhang River and its tributaries, and then goes to sea and sold abroad.

In recent years, a large number of Dehua blue and white porcelains have been discovered abroad. According to relevant data, they can be found in Tanganyika in East Africa, Syria, India, India, Sri Lanka, South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Elephant Kingdom in Asia. The discovery of Dehua blue and white porcelain.

In particular, most Dehua blue-and-white porcelains have been found in inkpads. Among them, "small bowls with circle patterns, morning glory bowls, flower basket patterns, and bowls with Yinshou characters" are all very common unearthed objects in Dehua blue-and-white kiln sites.

From 1974 to 1975, the Guangdong Provincial Museum organized two surveys of cultural relics on the Paracel Islands, and discovered a large number of Dehua blue and white porcelain.

Among them are "blue and white plates, bowls and plates with morning glory pattern; blue and white bowls with cloud dragon pattern and fire bead pattern, blue and white bowl with tower pattern, blue and white plate with bergamot pattern, blue and white plate with longevity pattern, blue and white plate with banshou pattern, etc."

A large number of Dehua blue and white porcelains were found in the Xisha Islands, some of which were the daily utensils of the local people, but most of them should be the relics left in Xisha by the Dehua export porcelain via the South China Sea route.

The "Nanhai No. 1984" shipwreck salvaged in 1999 and the shipwreck salvaged in the Paracel Islands in [-] have found many porcelains from Dehua.

In short, the discovery of ancient shipwreck porcelain such as the "Taixing" further proves that the production and export of blue and white porcelain in Dehua in the Qing Dynasty reached its heyday.

With its unique artistic charm, Dehua blue and white porcelain plays an active role in the development of economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the development of friendly relations between China and foreign countries.

And what about the sunken ship in front of me?What is it?

Its name should be the Taihe, and it had a similar encounter with the Taixing. It also took an unfamiliar route to avoid pirates, and finally hit a rock and sank.

Such a situation should not be accidental. Perhaps the merchant ships in the Qing Dynasty were forced to change their routes at that time, so there were frequent problems.

This unfortunate merchant ship was a wooden three-masted sailing ship with a length of more than 50 meters, a width of 15 meters, and a weight of more than 1000 tons. It was considered a giant ship in my country at that time.

This shipwreck, like the Taixing, is quite large and luxurious.

Looking back, Chen Wenzhe clearly knew that this ship had 5 cabins.

But that's it. When it was sailing, additional cabins and tents were built on the deck, and there were more than 100 small compartments, so it could also carry more than 2000 people.

It has 3 masts and adjustable sails. The tallest mast is 35 meters high and the base is more than 1 meter thick.

The bow is a typical quadrangular shape with eyes painted on it;

There is a gun bay at the stern, equipped with cannons.

There is another special feature in the design of the Taihe. A 1-meter-wide protruding edge is installed around the ship as a channel for the crew to come and go between the bow and the stern.

This maximizes the use of space on the deck.

It can be seen that a lot of thought has really been put into the design of the Taihe.

For the Qing Dynasty, which implemented the policy of seclusion and sea ban, the Taihe was an anomaly. It could often carry passengers and valuable silk, porcelain, gold and silver, and conduct trade activities with countries all over the world, especially Southeast Asian countries.

Of course, there are many times when going to sea is done privately.

As for the sailing location of the Taihe, it is not Xiamen Port as most people think.

Through retrospection, Chen Wenzhe knew that Xiamen Port was closed at that time, and the place where the Taihe went to sea should be the Jinjiang waters, and it still went to sea secretly.

Through retrospection, Chen Wenzhe became more aware of what was installed on the Taihe ship?

Because it is going to sea secretly, it must be installed as much as it can, which is more profitable.

Because the more the sea ban is enforced, the fewer merchant ships go to sea, and the more money these merchant ships secretly go to sea, the more they earn.

Therefore, although the Taixing is only 1000 tons, its cargo capacity is not small.