My system is not decent

The emerging technique of principal decoration is to dissolve gold powder in glue, and then use a paintbrush to draw porcelain decorations, commonly known as "painting gold", which is principal decoration.

In the 51st year of Kangxi (1712), Entrecolet (Yin Hongxu), a missionary taught by Jesus, mentioned the preparation method of Jingzhen Jincai in a letter to Father Auri.

If you want to apply gold color, grind the gold, pour it into a porcelain bowl, and mix it with water until a layer of gold appears at the bottom of the water.

Keep it dry at ordinary times, take a part of it when using it, dissolve it in an appropriate amount of rubber water, and then mix it with lead powder.

The ratio of gold to powdered lead was thirty to three.

The method of applying golden color on the porcelain body is the same as that of applying coloring material.

This kind of golden color painted with gold powder is baked at low temperature and then rubbed with agate stick or quartz sand to give off a golden luster and achieve a gold-plated effect.

Compared with the previous gold foil gilding, the gold-painting pattern is more detailed and vivid, and the gold powder is more tightly combined with the utensils, and it is not easy to fall off.

Of course, it is not very simple to operate.

The operation process is divided into five parts, the first step is to beat gold powder.

This step is not easy. First of all, put the gold leaf in the porcelain beating gold plate.

Then add an appropriate amount of water, heat it to about 40c, and grind it continuously in the pan with your hands to make it into gold powder, and then use a 1200-mesh sieve to fine it.

The second step is to add 1% Xichi to the principal of 0.5 cent, and mix it in the palette.

Then add 5-6 drops of gum solution and adjust until the gold powder does not foam.

Put the color-adjusted dish on the hot water bowl to dry it.

Then use a gold tracing pen, dip in water to adjust the gold, and describe the decoration.

The last step is to use an agate pen to scrape out the golden light on the gold after firing, or rub it with fine sand.

It is very difficult to process Jincai porcelain with the principal.

First of all, the gold should not be too thick, otherwise the color will be gray and dull, and it is easy to cause "undressing" (that is, the golden color falls off).

Secondly, the gold should be painted in one stroke, and no filling should be added, otherwise it will affect the color and cause "undressing".

In addition, the use of water should be appropriate, too little water will also cause "undressing".

In winter, the glue is easy to freeze, so it is advisable to mix the gold powder with garlic juice.

The final firing temperature should not be too high, otherwise the gold will appear rose or purple and lose the luster of gold.

Technology progressed gradually step by step, so in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, foreign gold decorations became popular.

In 1830, Ju En, a native of Japan, created "Jin Shui".

That is to dissolve gold in aqua regia, which is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid in a volume ratio of 1:3.

After the gold is dissolved in aqua regia, it is then painted.

This gold color production method was introduced into China during the Opium War in 1840 and was applied to the production of Jingzhen porcelain. It is called foreign gold craft, also known as bright gold or golden water.

The advantages are very prominent, first of all, the golden hair color is good, bright and smooth.

Secondly, the golden color coating is thin, which greatly reduces the amount of gold used.

The most important thing is that the process is simple and does not need to be polished after leaving the kiln like the principal.

The last and most important advantage is that Jincai has good adhesion and improves product quality.

Therefore, for crafts such as Jincai, the more modern it is, the higher the level of craftsmanship, and the more beautiful the Jincai porcelain produced.

However, this modern craft is very different from the ancient craft.

It has even reached the level of being clear at a glance. If you are making antique porcelain, you must be careful not to make it too well, otherwise a discerning person will know it is a modern handicraft.

Of course, the advantages of modern craftsmanship are still great, so if you want really good Jincai craft porcelain, you still have to look at some modern works.

For example, Mr. Kai Shenchang in the Republic of China, he ordered some porcelain.

Among the representative works using gold color, there is a pair of Jindi famille rose amphora consecrated in four seasons.

Although this kind of handicraft has not existed for a long time, it is China (Kaishen Chang) custom-made porcelain.

Therefore, the value of Jin Cai, sometimes really does not depend on the time of existence.

Of course, it doesn't just depend on the quality.

Sometimes this kind of craftsmanship can double the value of a piece of porcelain, and sometimes, when there is gold color on some porcelain, it will be deeply engraved with a name: fake!

Let’s not talk about fakes, just talk about genuine products, just because they were produced in different periods of history, the “golden color” that looks exactly the same, the actual value is in the ground and in the sky!

At this point, it is very important to understand the evolution of gold color in porcelain.

To put it simply, it is nothing more than gold foil in the Song Dynasty, principal gold in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, foreign gold in the late Qing Dynasty, and modern chemical gold.

So what is the method of distinguishing "principal", "foreign gold" and "chemical gold"?

In fact, it is also very easy. For a long time, domestic ceramics are like a standing pine tree, which divides the historical track with its annual rings and records technological innovation with its branches.

And one of them, "Golden Color", is particularly eye-catching.

As a porcelain-making process that is decorated with gold-colored materials, gold-colored porcelain has the inherent golden halo of gold, which is particularly eye-catching among various patterns.

It is generally believed in the industry that Jincai porcelain began in the Song Dynasty, among which Jinhua porcelain from Ding Kiln is the most famous.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Jincai porcelain was also fired in Jingzhen, which was the most popular in the Qing Dynasty.

The evolution of "gold color" in gold color porcelain, the most critical "gold color material" has different production techniques in different periods.

As I said before, gold foil in the Song Dynasty, principal gold in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, foreign gold in the late Qing Dynasty, and modern chemical gold.

Chen Wenzhe had learned the technique of gold foil gilding before. The gold-colored porcelain with gold foil gilding has a high integrity, uniform and bright color, and good adhesion.

But also because it is pasted with glue, the edge line is a bit stiff, not as smooth and natural as the later use of principal or foreign gold to trace gold.

In addition, although the integrity of gold leaf is good, the cost is also high.

So in the Kangxi period of the Ming Dynasty, a new "golden color craft"-principal appeared.

Compared with gold foil gilding, the principal drawing process is more cumbersome.

Therefore, the appearance of foreign gold provides another option for the production of Jincai porcelain.

Foreign gold removes the tedious work of grinding and polishing, just use a gold tracing pen according to the decorative part, dip it in gold water to draw the pattern, and the operation is simple;

The layer of gold water is thinner, which reduces the amount of gold used and saves costs on the premise of ensuring a bright and smooth color;

Gold adhesion is also further strengthened, improving quality.

In the late Qing Dynasty, many daily porcelains were made of foreign gold as the decorative material.

However, compared with the principal, foreign gold lacks durability and is easy to peel off after long-term use, so high-end porcelain still mostly uses principal to trace gold.

All of this is actually to simplify the process, and the simplification of the process is ultimately to save costs.

In terms of saving costs, is there any way to save money than using chemical gold?

Modern gold-colored porcelain is also more technological, so the emergence of a new type of "golden color", that is, chemical gold, has become inevitable.

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