My system is not decent

After engraving, there is scratching, which is to draw linear patterns on the surface of the half-dried utensils with bamboo, wood, iron skewers and other tools, and then glaze them or directly bake them in kilns.

The drawing technique is flexible, and the lines are natural and delicate.

It uses tools to directly scratch on the green body, which is easy to operate and has a strong sense of integrity.

Scratched flowers appeared early and are widely used. They are often used in combination with engraved and picked flowers.

These can be regarded as a series of crafts of carving, and they can all be regarded as real technical crafts.

In addition to these three, another process is printing, which is the simplest process.

It uses patterned ceramic stamping tools to print patterns on the undried body of utensils, or use patterned molds to make blanks, directly leave patterns on the body, and then enter the kiln or glaze it into the kiln. system.

The printing specifications are unified, the operation is simple, the man-hours are saved, and the production efficiency is high.

Printing techniques appeared earlier, developed greatly in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and reached a higher level in the Song Dynasty.

Typical works, such as Dingyao white glaze printed plates, bowls, pillows, etc.

In the late Qing Dynasty, there appeared a printing pattern that was directly pasted.

For the ancients, the discovery of the printing process was a huge breakthrough, because it could quickly make porcelain more beautiful.

However, this is not the case for the modern collector.

Printing is definitely not as good as painting flowers.

In the field of collection, the collection value of hand-painted porcelain and applique, printing, and brushed porcelain is completely different, and it can even be said that there is a world of difference.

Of course, the ancient applique craft porcelain still has some value.

But now, some appliqué works have no collection value at all.

Because those are printed in large batches by machines, what artistic value would there be?Not to mention the collection value.

The general porcelain decal pattern is dull, and the lines are relatively dead.

Small vessel-shaped blue and white porcelain, you can feel the edges and corners with your hands, which is caused by the use of glue in the applique.

Appliques are often used on the edge patterns of porcelain, and seams sometimes appear at the joints of the appliques, or the patterns on the left and right parts are uneven.

Similarly, since most of the flower papers are 60cm square, a large vase usually needs several pieces of flower paper to collage.

In this way, the defects are more obvious, and the joints of the collages can be found by careful observation.

The decoration of the hand-painted large vase is more natural and more artistic.

Porcelain decals are made of patterns on drawing paper, pasted on ceramics and fired, while hand-painted is hand-painted.

There is a big difference between applique porcelain and hand-painted porcelain, especially when viewed under magnification, the difference will be very obvious.

Even without a magnifying glass, it is easy to distinguish with eyes.

As long as you are careful, look at the pattern on the screen. If there is a net pattern similar to the cloth, it is a decal.

Hand-painted pictures do not have exactly the same picture, you can compare two identical cups, if the picture is exactly the same, it is a decal

It is difficult to distinguish the decals under the blue and white glaze. Due to different efforts, the hand-painted ones will have inconsistent colors, while the decals are difficult to do. This is also an important reference.

The pastel appliqués are all on-glazed, making them easy to distinguish.

Now there are semi-hand-painted ones that are between decals and hand-painted. This kind is to paste lines and then fill in color or divide water. It can also be distinguished by the above method, which is more difficult.

In fact, using this half-hand-painted method to cheat is a bit of a loss.

With this kind of craftsmanship, it is better to hand-paint directly.

Like the water-dividing technique, ordinary people can't do it well. Since they can do it well, why not do it well?

"Splitting water" is also called "mixing water", one of the blue and white painting techniques.

In the drawn outline, coloring with green material with a water content of 82-96% is called water separation.

The time-sharing pen absorbs the material water and fills in the color according to the outline.

The color is divided into shades, and the material water also has shades. It can be divided into 5 to 9 different color levels such as head thick, full thick, second thick, full light, and shadow light.

This is very different from "ink is divided into five colors" in traditional Chinese painting, which is very different from "materials are divided into five colors".

Dividing water is a technique for painting blue-and-white decorations. According to the needs of the picture, the blue-and-white materials are blended into a variety of water with different shades, and painted directly on the blank tire.

This results in different shades of tones. Due to the different shades of blue and white, different feelings of color are formed.

Different thick and light strokes can also be separated in the same stroke. This blue and white water-dividing depiction technique is rich in layers and has a strong three-dimensional effect.

If it is done well, it is a craft that can last a lifetime.

This is also a classic porcelain-making technique. If you can do this kind of craftsmanship well, why bother to make a half-baked porcelain to deceive people?

Unfortunately, there are still many people who want to take shortcuts and make more money.

This makes applique technology more prosperous in modern society.

Especially decal porcelain, currently mainly underglaze blue and white and overglaze new color, also includes Zhouchao decal porcelain.

What's up with the decals?Decals are produced by specialized factories and sold in stores.

Individuals and manufacturers who produce porcelain can just buy it, paste it, and send it to be fired.

It does not require skills and effort, saves labor, materials and time, and is suitable for mass production.

Such as daily-use porcelain, display porcelain and so on.

This greatly reduces the cost, so this is a common commodity produced in large quantities.

It is because of cost savings that applique porcelain is also widely used in craft porcelain.

The main features of applique porcelain are also obvious, look at the decorative pattern.

There are many porcelains with upper, lower, left and right edges, often with a circle of decorative patterns.

Applique patterns generally have three situations: overlapping graphics, misalignment, and gaps in joints.

Such as jars, bowls, cups, bottles... and the like.

If you look closely, you will sometimes find lack of color, like insect bites.

This is due to the fact that the decal paper loses the paint on the decal paper during the transfer process or during operation.

But not all of them appear, so you have to look carefully.

Look closely for symmetrical, or identical patterns.

Every part, applique porcelain is basically the same.

And hand-painted pictures, certainly can not be consistent.

This is important, such as spherical geometry porcelain.

For example, the large celestial vase, large continuous graphics, complete figures, flowers and birds, and landscapes, will not be decals, otherwise there will be folding.

However, the porcelain made by the blue and white water separation process can be judged not to be decals.

Judging from the color, regardless of the decal paper on the glaze or under the glaze, from the technical point of view, the adhesion thickness of the ceramic pigment is limited, and the depth of the color is not easy to solve.

For a certain color, such as yellow, it will appear that all this color will be basically the same on the whole screen.

Is this the most important method of distinction, or the same problem, if it is for porcelain with a spherical geometry, its decals are often composed of multiple pieces of decals.

Such as landscape painting, for the overall effect, some supplementary patterns are also artificially drawn.

In this way, the same color (such as blue and white color), hand-painted and decals will have different tones.

For example, the decorative lines of the bottle and the circle are painted by hand, and this color is often different from the color tone of the same decal.

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