My system is not decent

The porcelain mother of various glazed vases in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty is undoubtedly a peak feast of Qing Dynasty porcelain.

It confirms the demeanor and mentality of Qianlong's prosperous age more than 200 years ago.

In other words, it is precisely because the craftsmen have mastered the glaze firing techniques of the past dynasties that this piece of porcelain came into existence.

Emperor Qianlong, with his unique conditions, made porcelain like no one before or since.

This wind instrument is the magnificence and cultural prosperity of Qianlong's heyday.

This mentality is self-confidence. With the power of our dynasty, we surpassed the ancients and reached an unprecedented new height, showing the mind of the Qianlong Dynasty.

The idea of ​​advocating firing such a porcelain must have come from Qianlong.

He loved calligraphy and painting all his life, and was keen on porcelain.

He wants to make a piece of porcelain that combines the great achievements of the past dynasties, and the purpose is to show off the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty and the heyday of the heyday.

Therefore, during the Qianlong period, the craftsmen of JDZ Imperial Kiln Factory got busy, and only then did the "Mother of Porcelain" be born.

So, what to burn it for?

The direct purpose is to display it, that is, to place it on a certain table in the palace.

The national power of the Qianlong Dynasty was at its peak, and the country was peaceful.

Qianlong was also a monarch with high artistic accomplishment and great achievements.

In addition, Jingzhen’s porcelain making technology has reached a very high level at this time, so there is Xu Zhiheng’s evaluation of Qianlong porcelain in "Yinliuzhai Talking about Porcelain": "In Qianlong, it was extremely beautiful, exquisite, almost It's amazing workmanship."

When it comes to the firing process of this porcelain mother, it is equally complicated.

This large glaze vase of various colors is a collection of various high-temperature and low-temperature colored glazes, which is as difficult as you can imagine.

Because the firing temperatures of various colored glazes are different, they cannot be fired at one time.

Among them, the blue and white glaze, imitation Ge glaze, imitation Ru glaze, imitation official glaze, imitation Jun glaze, and pink green glaze are all high-temperature glazes, which need to be fired first.

And those famille roses, enamel colors, golden colors, and colored glazes are low-temperature glazes that need to be fired later.

This is like when we steam seafood, you can’t steam crabs, shells, shrimps, and geoducks all in one pot.

If the firing sequence or time of the porcelain mother is not well controlled, the color will burn out.

According to records, this large porcelain vase with various glazes needs to be repeatedly fired in the kiln for as many as 17 times.

The final success rate was only 0.23%.

Let's put it this way, according to the probability calculation, it is necessary to fire 435 identical large bottles to obtain such a perfect porcelain mother.

So who made such a beautiful porcelain vase with various glazes?

This point is really important to Chen Wenzhe, because there are so many things worth learning from such a character.

Therefore, I have to mention a famous figure in the Qing Dynasty.

He was Tang Ying, the famous pottery supervisor of the imperial kiln factory at that time. Tang Ying lived in the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties.

He was ordered to go to Jingzhen Royal Kiln for 21 years.

It can be said that the thousand-year history of the imperial kiln, Tang Ying No.1.

We all know that the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties are what we commonly call the Qing Dynasty.

Why are there three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty?

In recent years, porcelain from the Three Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty has become one of the most sought-after objects in the Chinese art market. Its figures often appear in the art auction market, and the transaction prices have repeatedly hit new highs.

It is understood that at the Forbes Spring Auction in Jiangsu in 2002, a Yongzheng famille rose bat and peach pattern olive vase was sold for more than 4000 million Hong Kong dollars, setting the highest auction price for Qing Dynasty porcelain at that time;

In October 2005, at the Hong Kong Forbes auction in Hong Kong, a "Qianlong enamel color 'Gu Yuexuan' inscribed poem flower stone golden pheasant picture amphora" made by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was finally sold for 10 million Hong Kong dollars, a record high. The world's highest auction price for Qing dynasty porcelain.

We often say that the prosperity of Kangxi and Qianlong was the heyday of the Qing Dynasty.

The "three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty" here refers specifically to the porcelain made in the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty.

The development of porcelain in the Kang, Yong, and Qian dynasties of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak.

The blue-and-white wares made by Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, whether in shape or glaze color, all strive to adore the Yongle, Xuande, and Chenghua dynasties of the Ming Dynasty.

Especially Kangxi blue and white, the color is green and gorgeous, with distinct layers, and the thick and light strokes can be divided into five colors, which is subtle and vivid.

Of course, not only blue and white, but also high-quality porcelain such as Langyaohong, all came from the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty.

For example, the snuff bottles collected by Chen Wenzhe also reached their peak during the Qing Dynasty.

During the Kangxi period, there were two important institutional arrangements for the development of porcelain.

One is the restoration of Jingzhen Royal Kiln Factory.

The second is to set up a special pottery supervisor.

Among them, Lang Tingji is the governor of Xijiang.

"Langyaohong", which represents the pinnacle of Kangxi porcelain art, was successfully fired under his supervision.

In 1696, the 35th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Palace Manufacturing Office established a glass factory and began to manufacture various glassware for the royal family.

As for the manufacturing process of glass snuff bottles, there are many, which can be divided into one-color snuff bottles, multi-color snuff bottles, stirred glass snuff bottles, gold-sprinkled glass snuff bottles, enamel colored glass snuff bottles and inner-painted glass snuff bottles.

Its colors are also red, white, black, purple, green, etc., which are colorful.

One of the most important crafts is definitely the inner painting technique.

It is the various craftsmanship on it that created the prestige of the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty.

The porcelain mother that Chen Wenzhe is focusing on now is a masterpiece made by Tang Ying in the third Qing Dynasty.

Tang Ying did not say whether the exploration process of making porcelain mother was difficult, but judging from the current literature records, Qianlong was very satisfied with the firing results.

As for Tang Ying, it is obvious that she is not only good at making a porcelain mother.

Also, since porcelain such as porcelain mother can be made, how can the production level of other porcelain be said to be awkward?

This point really has to be said, because before becoming a pottery supervisor, Tang Ying was a layman who didn't know how to make porcelain.

Generally speaking, when it comes to "porcelain mother", one must mention Tang Ying, No.1 in the history of ceramics.

Why is he said to be No.1 in the history of ceramics?It is because Tang Ying has been the supervisor of Tao Guan for a long time.

Tang Ying was the pottery supervisor sent by the emperor to Jingzhen during the Yongzheng period.

After arriving at JDZ, he found that he was an outsider and could not lead an insider.

Therefore, he desperately learned the production technology of ceramics, including some paintings and crafts of ceramics.

He struggled with the craftsmen, mastered some techniques of firing porcelain, and soon became an expert.

During this period, he fired, invented, and restored all kinds of colored glazes of ceramics of the past dynasties, including 57 kinds of monochromatic glazes.

Thus, the best glaze colors and the best varieties from all periods of Chinese history and eras have been fully mastered in the color of the glaze surface and the fatness and quality of the glaze.

And he can also do it with ease, reaching the pinnacle of perfection.

At the same time, his research on various color materials and ink paintings of the painting at that time also reached its peak.