My system is not decent

Enamel is a special artificial color material. In the sixth year of Yongzheng, that is, before 1728, all enamel color materials had to be imported from Europe.

However, after six years of Yongzheng, the Qing Palace Manufacturing Office was able to self-smelt more than 20 kinds of enamel materials.

And the variety of colors is more abundant than imported color materials.

Only after this did the production of enamel colored porcelain develop by leaps and bounds.

So what is enamel color?In fact, to put it simply, enamel color is one of the decorative techniques of porcelain, which originated from the technique of painting enamel.

Porcelain decorated with enamel color, that is, enamel color porcelain, is officially called "porcelain body painting enamel", and it is often referred to as enamel color for short.

Enamel color is an overglaze color decoration method that transplants the technique of painting enamel onto the porcelain body. It is called "Gu Yuexuan" by later generations and "Rose Color" abroad.

The enamel color was first created in the late Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It was further developed in the Yongzheng period and reached its peak in the Qianlong period.

Now Chen Wenzhe wants to imitate the first porcelain of the official kiln of the Republic, but it is the pinnacle work that combines the essence of the three dynasties of the Qing Dynasty.

If you want to make such enamel porcelain, you must know the main characteristics of enamel.

The first is the porcelain body. The porcelain body must be thin and thin, and the repair must be regular and intact.

This kind of porcelain body porcelain is fine, uniform, smooth and has a jade texture.

Then there is the shape of the vessel. Because of the complicated process, the requirements for the porcelain body are too high, so most of the enamel-colored porcelain are small pieces, and it is rare to exceed one foot.

Therefore, most of them are small daily-use porcelain such as bowls, bottles, snuff bottles, and animal decorations.

Of course, regardless of the size of the utensil, it must be dignified and regular, in line with the characteristics of Kang, Yong, and Qian utensils.

The third is that the bottom shaft is a pure white shaft, neither blue nor yellow, and the shaft surface is smooth and clean.

The last is enamel color, this color is very bright and soft, the main color is bright, the color matching is rich, and it is rarely a pure color but a pastel-type coupling color.

Then there are many colors, seven or eight colors can appear on the same object, as many as ten kinds.

Finally, it is put into the charcoal furnace and roasted at a temperature of about 600c.

Of course, if you want to make antique porcelain, you need to pay more attention, because the porcelains of the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties are also different, let alone the enamel made by the Republic.

Painting and decoration are the most important here. First of all, patterns. Every pattern on enamel colored porcelain is made of a variety of pigments.

The surface of its color is smooth, with a glassy reflective feeling, and sometimes it can reflect clam light, which is very beautiful.

The glaze protrudes from the bottom glaze by about one millimeter, which has an obvious three-dimensional effect.

It can be clearly felt by touching with hands with eyes closed, and if viewed with a ten-fold magnifying glass, tiny opening patterns can be seen on each floret and leaflet.

This phenomenon cannot be seen with the naked eye, which is also the most important feature.

And pastels, you don't feel that there is any protrusion.

Besides, painted patterns and decorations, the painting skills of enamel colored vessels are particularly particular, and most of them are strokes.

Different dynasties are different. For example, Kangxi's enamel colors are mostly colored ground, and the colors of the colored ground are red, yellow, blue, green, purple, and carmine.

On the colored ground, draw twining peonies, broken branches and large flowers, Shushou in the center of the group flowers, "Wan Shou Wu", Jiuqiu chrysanthemums, etc.

The characteristic of Kangxi enamel is that there are flowers but no birds, and its color matching is worse than that of Yongzheng and Qianlong.

Yongzheng's enamel colors are relatively mature, with breakthroughs in craftsmanship and richer color materials.

During the Yongzheng period, colored ground paintings were used, but more white ground paintings were used.

White ground painting can better highlight the brilliance and brightness of enamel glaze.

Coupled with Yongzheng enamel color patterns, most of them are landscapes, bamboos, stones, flowers and birds, etc. At the same time, the paintings are accompanied by corresponding poems, integrating poems, calligraphy and paintings into one, which has a unique flavor and looks more elegant.

During the Yongzheng period, single-color painting was also popular, such as carmine, dark blue, ink color...choose one color to paint, which is quite Chinese painting style.

This is original and very beautiful.

The enamel color in the Qianlong period inherited the style of Yongzheng, but the branch art was not as rigorous as that of Yongzheng.

Because Emperor Qianlong had a special liking for pastel, he cared about and developed the branch art of pastel.

As a result, the enamel color retreated a bit, and works between pastel and enamel colors appeared.

The products of these transition periods also have a high artistic level.

The enamel paintings of the Qianlong period are mainly flowers and birds, landscapes, figures and Western women, accompanied by imperial poems.

At this time, the rolling process appeared again, followed by very beautiful landscapes, figures, flower and bird decorations consecrated by Jindi.

This new technique is not actually enamel color, but pastel color, also called "green pastel color".

The last is the imitation of inscriptions. The inscriptions of the Kangxi period were once banned from writing inscriptions.

After 40 years of Kangxi, the ban was opened to allow it to be signed.

However, the original character "Xi" must be rewritten as "Xi". This "Xi" only appears on Kangxi porcelain.

Kangxi's inscriptions are written on enamel colored ware, all of which are written with pigments, including red, blue, purple, black and other colors.

The inscription is only "Kangxi Imperial System" four-character regular script, plus both sides.

There are three types of four-character inscriptions, the difference being that the characters "Kang" and "Yu" each have two different strokes.

During the Yongzheng period, there were also two styles of inscription recognition, one was imitation Song style and the other was regular script style, both of which consisted of four characters plus two sides.

The imitation Song style is "Yongzheng Nianzhi", and the regular script is "Yongzheng Yuzhi", only Lanke style.

Qianlong's inscriptions are only in the form of "Qianlong Nianzhi" on both sides of the four characters. Qianlong has blue materials and He color materials.

When it comes down to it, if you grasp a few key points, you can imitate the perfect enamel porcelain.

First, understand the characteristics of the times.

Second, prepare suitable enamel materials.

Third, the painter must be qualified.

Special attention should be paid here. To make enamel colored porcelain, the painter must be first-class.

You must know that the craftsmen in Jingzhen couldn't make the enamel color at the beginning.

After they made qualified white fetuses, they paid tribute to the palace, and then the royal painters in the palace painted them, and then fired them successfully.

Chen Wenzhe must be knowledgeable. He not only understands the characteristics of Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong enamel colors, but also understands the characteristics of the Republic of China and Republic enamel colors.

The second is the enamel color material, no matter what kind or period, as long as he thinks, he can make it out, and he can choose the most suitable one for use.

The last thing is the painter. At worst, just choose the appropriate painting skills from the internal inheritance of Sui Hou Zhizhu.

The skill of enamel painting is definitely easy to use.

These choices of learning, although you need to start learning from the elementary level, but it only costs more than 100 achievement points to reach the master level.

Chen Wenzhe has no shortage of achievement points now, especially recently, no matter what he does, as long as he is recognized by the world, he will get achievement points.

Just like the previous treasure hunt, Gao Qijing and his group of bodyguards gave him a lot of achievement points.

It turned out that he didn't pay much attention to this information because he didn't need it.

Of course, he doesn't care now, because he still has several opportunities to inherit independently, but he hasn't used it yet!