Beiyang reactionaries

really.

Many things cannot be taken for granted.Originally, Duan Xun thought that the economic crisis had severely hit all countries and their banks.Therefore, it is natural to think that these banks have no money before countries carry out loose monetary policies.It is precisely because these banks have no money to lend that the domestic market is not enough.

But according to Wang Yongjiang, these banks are still very rich.

It's just that all walks of life are struggling to survive now, and banks dare not lend money at will, so they can only leave a lot of funds in their hands.But if these banks put money in their hands in this way, the banks themselves will lose money.

In order for banks to make money, they must lend money.

If the economy is good, those companies are rushing to get loans, and the banks only need to select from them.But when the economy is bad, it is the banks who are looking for targets for lending.Don't dare to lend at will, and the bank will go bankrupt if the loan is not recovered.Therefore, when the economy is not good, the money in the hands of banks cannot find the target of lending.

"It's not just banks. There are many powerful investment institutions in European and American countries, and they also have funds in their hands. But at present, they can't find good investment projects, so they hold the money in their own hands."

Wang Yongjiang added it again.

The difference between incremental and stock.

Even if the economic crisis broke out in European and American countries, they are still industrial countries that have developed for hundreds of years.The wealth accumulated by their country over the years is astonishing.It is far from being comparable to several later developed countries.

It doesn't matter whether those banks or investment institutions are good.

Hundreds of years of development have allowed the wealth stocks of these countries to reach a certain scale.Just as China is an economically backward country, it is not considered an industrial country.But why in just ten years, Japan has basically crushed Japan in all aspects of data.Why in this crisis, more than 1000 tons of gold can be produced.It is because China is a country that has survived for thousands of years, and the stock of wealth accumulated by the people is very high.

China's trade exceeds (deficit) every year, but it can still have such a gold reserve, relying on China's thousands of years of wealth stock.The same is true for European and American countries. The industrial development of these years has given their societies a lot of wealth.

"Prime Minister, in addition to these funds, those banks in the United States also own a large number of factories. Because many factories have no money to repay their loans, they can only mortgage the factories to them. Those banks in the United States need to turn these things into cash as soon as possible. Only in this way can they make their operations healthy. Therefore, many of the machines and equipment sold at low prices in the United States are sold by these banks.”

Liang Huankui added.

Duan Xun nodded slightly.

I understand the current situation better.Many banks in the United States are rich, and many investment institutions are also rich.But because they are not optimistic about the current economy, they are very cautious in lending and choosing investment targets very carefully.

As a result, there is less and less money in the European and American markets, which further shrinks the market, resulting in excess production and unsold industrial products.Industrial products could not be sold, factories closed down, workers lost their jobs, and the market continued to shrink.The end result is that the economy has deteriorated further, and banks and investment institutions have become more cautious.

Vicious circle.

For a powerful country like the United States, if it stimulates the economy at this time, it can quickly stimulate these banks and investment institutions, let them release more funds, and quickly activate the market.

It's a pity that the US government's choice is very conservative.

The result is that the economy has been deteriorating.These banks and investment institutions, unable to lend domestically, began to turn their attention to other countries.See where to continue earning money.

Unexpectedly, the idea hit China.

"What do you think?"

loan?

Duan Xun started to rise from the southwest, relying on the support of Japan.Japanese loans played a big role at that time.Duan Xun relied on Japanese loans to develop armaments and develop the economy until he entered Beijing.After taking over Beijing, Duan Xun also used Japanese loans extensively.Many of the arsenals and steel factories in Duan Xun's early years were developed with Japanese loans.

Of course, these loans do not come randomly.

It was Duan Xun who sold a lot of China's "sovereignty" to get the loan.But the benefits of these loans to the development of China's economy are obvious.Of course, if Duan Xun hadn't canceled a large number of these loans later, otherwise the debts would have to be repaid, and I don't know how many years to repay them.

Want a loan now?

"I think so."

Wang Yongjiang spoke.

Dao: "In fact, the banks in European and American countries are not only looking for us, but also looking for the Soviet Union. At present, the Soviet Union is carrying out their first five-year plan, all of which are heavy industry construction plans. Although Russia was also an old industrial country in the Tsarist Russia era, they The industrial strength of China is completely incomparable with countries such as Britain, the United States, France and Germany. Their industrial strength is equivalent to that of Spain. In the middle, because of the European war and its own civil war, the industry suffered a lot, and it was only recovered three or four years ago. Come here. Now that they want to develop heavy industry in a short period of time, they need to import a lot of machinery and equipment. Last year (1929) they imported a lot of machinery and equipment, especially half of the machinery and equipment exported by Britain were purchased by the Soviet Union. Last year The Soviet Union spent about [-] million U.S. dollars on importing machinery and equipment from European and American countries. This year, they will import machinery and equipment more vigorously and spend more money, which will be several times that of last year."

The first five-year plan of the Soviet Union was studied a lot later.There are many praises, but also many criticisms. Anyway, there are many criticisms.But there is one thing no one can deny.

That is, the Soviet Union really created a miracle, a miracle in the history of industry.

The industrial level of the Soviet Union was relatively low. Among the old imperialist countries, both industrial output and industrial technology were at the bottom of the list.However, the Soviet Union used the first five-year plan to abruptly make its industrial scale the second largest in the world.Created a living miracle.

What does it rely on?

It relies on importing a large amount of machinery and equipment from European and American countries.During the first five-year plan of the Soviet Union, the funds for importing machinery and equipment alone exceeded 20 billion U.S. dollars within five years, nearly 30 billion U.S. dollars.

At the peak, 60% of the machinery and equipment exported by European and American countries were bought by the Soviet Union.

"In order to import these machines and equipment, the Soviet Union also used their gold reserves. However, these gold reserves alone are far from enough, so the Soviet Union exported a large amount of resources and food, especially food. The Soviet Union exported food before, and the annual export value It reached 5000 million U.S. dollars. In the past two years, the Soviet Union’s grain exports have increased more rapidly, and the trend of exchanging grain for foreign exchange is very obvious. Grain exports can indeed effectively make up for the shortage of Soviet foreign exchange. But after our country decided to export grain, the world’s grain prices fell The Soviet Union’s plan to exchange grain for foreign exchange has suffered a big blow. Therefore, since last year, the Soviet Union has borrowed more and more loans from European and American countries. The Soviet Union has resources and agricultural products, and uses them as collateral to take out a lot of loans. Then These loans are used to import machinery and equipment. In fact, they are using funds from European and American countries to import their machinery and equipment.”

Duan Xun nodded slightly.

For many things, it is impossible to fully understand the current situation just by looking at the superficial history.The same is true for Duan Xun, who is not a professional historical researcher.

I only know that the Soviet Union spent a huge amount of money to import European and American machinery and equipment.

Unexpectedly, there are also loans from European and American countries.For European and American banks and investment institutions, domestic loans are too risky.So I turned my attention to the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Union has needs and needs to import a large amount of machinery and equipment, but they are short of money.At the same time, European and American banks have a lot of funds in their hands, and they don't know who to lend to.So they chose to give the Soviet Union a loan and let the Soviet Union use their resources and food as collateral.For profit-seeking capitalists, anyone can cooperate with them as long as they can make money.

The two sides are actually mutually beneficial.

With this loan, the Soviet Union could import more needed machinery and equipment to develop their heavy industry.European and American banks and investment institutions can effectively use the funds in their hands and obtain high interest rates.European and American countries are currently dazed by the economic crisis, so buyers like the Soviet Union are very welcome.

"Prime Minister, our situation is similar to that of the Soviet Union."

After Wang Yongjiang introduced the situation in the Soviet Union, he continued: "We have formulated the second five-year plan based on the gold reserves we have now. We are planning to use these gold reserves to import machinery and equipment. But according to the current situation At present, the price of machinery and equipment in European and American countries has plummeted, which is a good opportunity for large-scale imports. It is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Judging from the current situation, our plan is still too conservative. Bian’s report believes that the Second Five-Year Plan can add several important investment projects again.”

"For example, in the automobile industry, a large number of automobile factories in the United States have gone bankrupt, and many supporting factories have also gone bankrupt. I think this is a good opportunity for our country. Whether it is the production of trucks or military jeeps, including the production of cars, This is a good opportunity. We can buy a complete set of production equipment, not only the equipment of the automobile factory, but also the supporting factory equipment of the automobile factory, and even the equipment of the automobile engine factory. In this way, our country’s automobile Manufacturing strength can be raised to a higher level. Once such a complete set of equipment is introduced, we can even create a car city.”

The second five-year plan was conservative.

This is Wang Yongjiang's opinion.Although everyone predicted that the crisis would be serious at that time, no one thought it would be so serious.In just a few months, U.S. industrial output plummeted by 40%.Hundreds of thousands of factories went bankrupt.

And those bankrupt factories in the United States are precious to China.And this is an opportunity to introduce complete sets of equipment.As Wang Yongjiang said about the automobile industry, this time there is an opportunity to move the automobile industry directly to China.Not only the machinery and equipment for automobile production can be imported, but also the machinery and equipment of supporting factories can be imported together.This includes the most important engine production equipment in the automobile industry, which China can also import.What happens now is that as long as you have money, there is nothing you cannot import.

The Great Depression was the time when technology prohibition was at its lowest.

As long as you have money, European and American countries don't care what machinery and equipment you import.Opportunities like these are truly never-to-be-missed opportunities.After this period of time, technology between countries is not so easy to obtain.In other words, now is the only chance.

"Including the aircraft manufacturing plant. Originally we planned to set up a large aircraft manufacturing plant in Xi'an, but currently there are not many complete sets of equipment for the aircraft manufacturing plant in the United States. Therefore, another aircraft manufacturing plant project should be added. The result of our discussion is that, On the basis of the second five-year plan, add thirteen more important projects."

"But if we want to increase investment in important projects, the machinery and equipment we need to import will increase again on a large scale. Our gold reserves will not be enough, so I suggest that we can borrow from European and American countries."

Duan Xun listened to Wang Yongjiang's report, and said leisurely: "Have you calculated how much loan you need?"

539

"Have you calculated how much loan you need?"

"Yes."