Beiyang reactionaries

After talking about the hydropower station and the pharmaceutical industry, Dai Kan opened the next document and continued to report to Duan Xunhui: "Prime Minister, I don't need to say anything about the importance of the machine tool industry. Everyone here knows it. Machine tools are the foundation of industry. , especially the foundation of the machinery industry. In the industry, it even means that the machine tool is an industrial mother machine, and the status of the machine tool can be known. Without the development of machine tools, there will be no development of the machinery industry. To develop the machinery industry, there must be enough machine tools All mechanical processing is inseparable from machine tools. At present, every major industrial country in the world is a big country in the machine tool industry. Their machine tool inventory and machine tool production are very amazing. It exceeds our imagination. "

"At present, the country with the largest number of machine tools in the world is the United Kingdom. The British industrial revolution lasted several hundred years, and it was also the first country to develop machine tools. The current number of machine tools in the United Kingdom is about 60 units, and their annual machine tool production is in three The number of machine tools in the United States and Germany is currently around 50, and the annual production of machine tools exceeds 17. The current number of machine tools in our neighboring country Japan is also around 1. It can produce more than 6 machine tools per year. The Soviet Union was a country with a relatively backward industry in the era of Tsarist Russia. But they had more than 10 machine tools at that time, and their annual machine tool production exceeded 1925. After the Russian Civil War, Russian industry suffered a lot, and its industrial output was only 1926% of that before World War I. However, in 1913 and 5000, the industrial output of the Soviet Union finally returned to the output in [-]. The industrial development speed of the Soviet Union in the next few years was not bad. The production of machine tools has also improved to a certain extent, and now it can produce more than [-] machine tools every year."

"This is their usual output. Once any emergency occurs, such as a war, the output of machine tools in these countries can be increased several times quickly. Industrial powers such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany can even increase in a short period of time. Increase the annual output of machine tools to more than [-] units. With these machine tool inventory and machine output, their machinery industry can reach its current height."

"Compared with them, China's industrial development time is too short and the foundation is too poor. Therefore, the machine tool industry started late, has a poor foundation, and is limited in scale. At present, the number of machine tools in China is only about 1925, and two-thirds of them are In our military sector, civilian factories are far behind. Since [-], our country has begun to support some machine tool companies, and the Ministry of Heavy Industry has personally invested in several machine tool factories, but their strength is limited. At present, the annual output of machine tools in our country is only About [-] units. Not to mention compared with those powerful industrial countries, it is much worse than Japan. It can be seen from the number of machine tools and the production of machine tools that there are many shortcomings in China's machinery industry."

Naked reality.

The data on China's industry is pretty good.

The coal industry, iron and steel industry, electric power industry, and other mining industries all have high output and good-looking data.In addition to these heavy industries, light industries are also included.

The same is true for the output of cotton mills, flour mills, and printing factories.

To put it bluntly, the overall number far exceeds that of ordinary countries, and even many industrial countries cannot match it.For example, the output of coal is the second in the world, the output of crude steel is also the sixth in the world, and other mining data are also very high.It seems that China's data is very good, and the industry is very strong.Anyone who reads these data in China thinks that China is already an industrial powerhouse.

But in fact, if you look at the reality, you will know that it is all false.

why?

The machinery and equipment needed for these industrial developments are basically imported, and few of them are produced by themselves.Not to mention large-scale machinery and equipment, even textile machinery, flour machinery, and printing factory machinery, most of them are imported.

what is the reason?

It is because the level of China's own machinery industry is too poor.

At present, China's industrial output is completed by imported machinery and equipment.In other words, China's industrial data all rely on the equipment of the great powers.

this is the truth.

Nothing to worry about right now.But once there is a war, China's output will be limited, and it will be difficult to continue to increase.Because China's own machining capabilities are too poor.

Not to mention this, China's military factories will also have problems.Most of the machine tools needed by military factories are currently imported.The domestic part occupies a very small share.Once a major incident occurs, those industrial powers can completely explode their troops, produce a large number of weapons and equipment, and produce a large number of industrial products.

But China does not have such a capability, even explosive soldiers are limited.It is difficult to quickly increase the production of weapons and equipment and industrial products produced.Because of China's current output, it is because foreign equipment can be imported.If it is impossible to import foreign equipment, it will deal a great blow to Chinese industry.

To change this situation, China's machine tool industry must be developed, and China's machinery industry must have its own strength.Only when China has its own machine tool industry and its own machinery industry can it not rely on the big powers.

"What is your goal?"

"Prime Minister, it can be said that our machine tool industry has already established a certain foundation. In Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Tianjin, we already have some machine tool factories, and some of them are not small in scale. And these machine tool factories Basically, there is government investment, which was decided by the prime minister at that time."

China's machine tool industry developed late.

It really started to scale up when Duan Xun made a decision in 1925, and the Ministry of Heavy Industry implemented a plan for the localization of machine tools.In several big cities in China, find some powerful civilian machinery factories and cooperate with them to establish machine tool companies.The Ministry of Heavy Industry invests funds, and also gives them preferential financing and policies, but does not interfere with their operations, so as to develop China's machine tool industry.

This was finalized when Duan Xun attended Sun Yat-sen's funeral.

The effect is good.

In recent years, due to the development of China's industry, the demand for machine tools has increased a lot.Therefore, the development of these machine tool factories is not bad. For example, the Shanghai Machine Tool Factory, jointly established by the Ministry of Heavy Industry and Hu Juewen Xinmin Machine Factory, currently produces more than [-] machines a year and is currently the largest machine tool factory in China.Various types of machine tools can be produced.

In addition to the Shanghai Machine Tool Factory, several important industrial cities and the Ministry of Heavy Industry have established machine tool factories.A total of five machine tool factories have been built. In addition to the Shanghai Machine Tool Factory, there are Wuhan Machine Tool Factory, Chongqing Machine Tool Factory, Tianjin Machine Tool Factory, and Beijing Machine Tool Factory.These are all machine tool factories that are heavily supported by the Ministry of Heavy Industry and cooperate with civilian enterprises.

"Now that we have a certain foundation, we should focus on the development of these machine tool companies. The Economic and Development Commission plans to continue the model of the Ministry of Heavy Industry and focus on investing in and supporting the machine tool factories that the Ministry of Heavy Industry supported. We only invest and support. The management of the company will continue to be handed over to the original management. By then, five large machine tool factories will be established in China, and each of them should have an annual output of at least 1934 machines. A machine tool factory with technical strength and sufficient talents such as Shanghai Machine Tool Factory , the annual output of machine tools should be more than [-] units. The Economic and Development Commission hopes to use the second five-year plan to allow China's machine tool inventory to exceed [-] units in [-], so that China's annual machine tool production More than ten thousand units."

"Are you sure?"

Duan Xun is not afraid of not having a goal.

But Duan Xun was worried about whether he could complete the goal after setting it.The five-year plan formulated by the government is a plan formulated for the purpose of accomplishing the goals, not for looking good.Only a plan that can achieve its goals is a truly feasible plan.

The machine tool industry is important, of course Duan Xun understands this.

But Duan Xun worried that it would be difficult.It is said that China's industry started from the Westernization Movement, and it has been half a century now.Moreover, after Duan Xun took over Beijing, he also focused on developing China's industry.The first five-year plan was mainly an industrial development plan.Up to now, China's industry can be regarded as having a little foundation.

But after so many years, the number of machine tools in China is only about 17.Compared with Japan next door, the number of machine tools already has [-] units. It can be seen that China's machinery industry is far behind Japan.

Now the goal of the Economic and Development Committee is very good.

Within five years, the number of machine tools in the country will exceed [-], and the annual production of machine tools will exceed [-].If this can be done, China's machinery industry will have a certain foundation.

"There shouldn't be any major problems. This is the result of our full research. Let's start with our technical talents. Since the Ministry of Education decided to slow down university education and vigorously develop technical secondary schools and technical schools, last year happened to be the first When the batch of technical secondary and technical school students graduated. Compared with the previous university education, the training mode of technical secondary and technical schools has a short training time and a large number of trainees. In the following years, the scale of technical secondary and technical schools in China has continued to expand , Now is the harvest season. Last year, the number of graduates from technical secondary schools and technical schools in China exceeded 30, reaching 34. This year's graduates are 33% more than last year, and next year will be 34% more than this year. After that, it will double the number of graduates from technical secondary schools and technical schools this year. That is to say, around 1933, the number of graduates from technical secondary schools and technical schools in China will reach 80. When the second five-year plan ends, China's technical secondary schools will , There will be more than one million technical school graduates. If you add college graduates and high school graduates, China’s education will really start to scale. This will bring a large number of technical talents to our industry.”

The Ministry of Education slowed down university education and decided to vigorously develop technical secondary schools and technical schools. At that time, there were many criticisms.Because many celebrities back then hoped that China would develop university education as soon as possible, so that China would also have world-class universities.

But Duan Xun made a final decision at the time to slow down his university education.Put more funds into technical secondary schools and technical schools with quick results.Looking at it now, the decision at that time was correct.

Compared with high-end intellectuals such as college graduates, what China's industry needs now is technical talents with a certain foundation.

Changes in the number of students can be seen.After graduating from junior high school, they go directly to technical secondary schools and technical schools. They only need to study for three years before they can graduate and start working.One-fifth of them went to be teachers, one-fifth to the government, and the rest to factories.Not only to meet the needs of teachers, but also to meet the needs of government departments, and more importantly, to train qualified skilled workers for factories.If you are a college student, after graduating from junior high school, you have to go to high school and go to college for four years, at least seven years.The training time is completely different.

The time and money spent on training college students can train countless technical secondary school students and technical school students.

Shorten the study time, and the number of students trained will increase.Moreover, compared with university education, the investment in technical secondary schools and technical schools is much less.With the funds to establish a university, several technical secondary schools and technical schools can be established.Therefore, in the past few years, the number of technical secondary schools and technical schools in China has increased rapidly.

Among the students counted by the Ministry of Education, it does not include the ministries' own technical secondary schools and technical schools, nor does it include students from some large enterprises that have their own technical secondary schools and technical schools.But the number of students counted by the Ministry of Education alone increases by 30% or 40% every year.

If we add the technical secondary schools and technical schools of ministries and commissions, as well as the technical secondary schools and technical schools of large enterprises, there will be more graduates.

"The skilled workers trained in the first five-year plan were not used much in the first five-year plan. But in the second five-year plan, they can benefit from these trained skilled workers. This time to create We need about 3 workers in the five large machine tool factories, of which about 1 are skilled workers. However, these skilled workers alone are not enough. We plan to invest 2.3 million yuan to merge some machine tool factories in China. In addition to the Shanghai Machine Tool Factory supported by the Ministry of Heavy Industry, Shanghai currently has some small-scale private machine tool factories. We plan to merge these machine tool factories, and then introduce some technology from abroad and invite some foreign technicians. As long as the funds are in place , There is no problem in completing our plan."

"it is good."

So far, Duan Xun is quite satisfied with the Second Five-Year Plan of the Economic and Development Commission.

During the first five-year plan, China focused on mining, iron and steel, and other basic industries.But now the Economic and Development Commission is obviously going to focus on breakthroughs.

The key point of the machine tool industry is well grasped.

"Then let's talk about the fourth aspect."

"Yes. Prime Minister, the fourth aspect is the manufacture of the most important large-scale machinery and equipment for industry."

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"The fourth aspect is the manufacture of the most important large-scale machinery and equipment in the industry. Especially the complete sets of equipment needed by some factories, we should also get involved and have them."

Speaking of the fourth.

In the second five-year plan, the first three major aspects have been mentioned, leaving the last aspect.Duan Xun also wants to hear what kind of key projects the fourth aspect identified by the Economic and Development Commission is.

The first three aspects, six large hydropower plants, four large pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, and five large machine tool factories, are already key projects and key projects supported by the 23 Economic and Development Commissions.At the beginning, Liang Huankui said that the Second Five-Year Plan determined by the Development Committee consists of four major areas and 8 key projects.In other words, there are now [-] key projects left.

Duan Xun is very satisfied with the previous key projects.Duan Xun is also very interested in the remaining eight key projects.

"Manufacturing of large-scale machinery and equipment? Provide complete sets of equipment?"