Harry Potter Morning Light

Before the war between Japan and the United States, some Japanese immigrants were evacuated, but the Japanese who became American citizens were left in the United States.

After the Pearl Harbor incident on December 7, 1941, President Roosevelt signed a decree to set up a "military zone" on the west coast, and all Japanese descendants in the restricted area would be moved to "resettlement centers" in the interior.

It wasn't like a concentration camp, in theory.

At the time, 90 percent of Japanese Americans lived on the West Coast, including 70,000 U.S.-born citizens.

Despite their professed allegiance to the United States, the "natives" were hostile to them, including the president, who feared they would engage in sabotage and espionage.

In order to prevent these Japanese who believed in the emperor from destroying and spying on the military and important industries in the United States, the army was responsible for deporting Japanese-Americans near important military installations.

These inland "military zones" have the same curfew as Jewish settlements, but the conditions are much better than those of Warsaw's Jews. More importantly, the Japanese people living in them are protected in disguise, non-restricted areas On the contrary, the Japanese descendants have to worry about the attacks of their colleagues, neighbors, and even the newsboys who deliver newspapers to themselves.

Japanese Americans in California, Washington, and New Orleans immediately left for resettlement camps in Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, but one Japanese-American man, Toyozaburo Matsu, who lived in San Leandro, California, refused to carry out the order .

Then he was arrested.

Matsutoyo Saburo appealed to the Supreme Court, targeting the constitutionality of the deportation and resettlement orders-whether the military's temporary deportation of certain groups of people is racial discrimination.

In the investigation of the implementation of the deportation order, a group of Japanese descendants confirmed their allegiance to Japan, some refused to be unconditionally loyal to the United States and the Emperor of Japan, and some of the deportees asked to return to Japan.

The war will cause many difficulties, and we must overcome them together in difficult times. In the end, the Supreme Court upheld the original verdict that Matsutoyo Saburo was guilty of defying the deportation order.

This verdict proves that when the country is in a state of panic, racial discrimination protests have to stand aside. This case is heard together with the Hirabayashi case. This Japanese-American violated the curfew. Japanese-Americans must arrive at 8:00 p.m. Stay home before 6am to avoid espionage and sabotage.

Saburo Matsutoyo was born in the United States. His parents were both Japanese. The principle of place of birth stipulated in the Constitution made him an American citizen. There is no charge to prove that he is not loyal to the United States.

War is the sum of all the pains that affect all citizens, military or not, and citizenship has both rights and duties.

However, even after the war is over, the United States still excludes the Japanese. The United States and Japan are allies at the national level, but many Americans lost their relatives in the war, or they themselves participated in the war. They are very unfriendly to Japanese.

Those Japanese descendants who moved into the settlement also lived in fear. The Japanese in the camp came from all walks of life, including women and children. They had nothing in common except for their skin color.

There are cremators in Auschwitz, but there are no resettlement camps. They have enough food sources. Adults work in the camp, children can go to school, and they can have some leisure and entertainment from time to time.

But if they dare to escape, they will be shot. Therefore, even if they are dissatisfied with the state's arrangements for them, most people still obey the orders according to the rules.

Japanese immigrants and Japanese-Americans were forced to leave their homes and properties. In 1943, because the United States considered conscripting Japanese-Americans to form a special army, the WRA gave these Japanese-Americans A "loyalty questionnaire" was administered to test Japanese-Americans' loyalty to their home country, the United States or Japan.

Faced with such a questionnaire, many Japanese-Americans are not only confused, but even angry. Some groups, mainly young men, chose no answers to these two key questions. They were nicknamed "say no boys" and branded as "disloyal".

Roosevelt's General DeWitt once said: A Jap is a Jap after all.

After the end of World War II, many Japanese-Americans successively sought state compensation and lawsuits, and the U.S. government also successively compensated some Japanese-Americans who were imprisoned in internment camps for no reason.

But the money is lost, and the discrimination is still the same. Asians are generally very studious and have better grades than other races. "Natives" think that good high schools and universities in the United States are all occupied by Asians.

Asian parents feel ashamed if their children don't get straight A's, which makes ordinary white kids with B's at the bottom of the class.

However, Ivy League schools recruit new students in a certain proportion. The school has a quota of 1,000 students. It is stipulated that only 20% of Asians are 200 people, and 70% of whites are 700 people. That is to say, a very, very hard-working Asian student, His grades are all A, he may fail, and a white youth who does not work as hard as him can easily enter a prestigious school like Wharton, unless Asian parents buy a place with money.

There is a word in the United States called "Bamboo ceiling", which refers to an invisible wall. Bamboo is related to Asia. In American companies, many Asians are at the bottom, a few are in the middle, and there are basically no top leaders.

Boys are so competitive, let alone girls.

Traditional education in Japan is that men go out to work, and women stay at home with their husbands and children. She does not need to study well, she is going to get married anyway.

Western-style education is equal to men and women. Yuki Nakamura is unwilling to regard her education as an added value on dating documents. According to scientific data, a smart mother’s son is also very smart, so she came to the University of Padua, Be a medical exchange student.

There are many "inspirational" stories in American culture, as if they can change their destiny with hard work.

Yes, some Asians can get good jobs in the United States, such as lawyers, but everyone knows that Asians are coolies. They have been trained since childhood to be able to bear hardships and stand hard work, so lawyers of Asian descent do the hardest work.

White lawyers only do the most important work. They are "quarterbacks". There are also a few Asians who counterattack, but that is a very rare situation. It is a miracle like Moses dividing the Red Sea, or the background of his parents' family can be used. , You can't break through that layer of Bamboo ceiling just by studying hard.

It is not easy to integrate into American society and be recognized. This has caused some Asian students to have a cognitive error that it would be good if they were not of yellow race.

This is the same reason as joining a fraternity will be punished badly, and the worse you are punished, the more loyal you will be.

The situation in the medical field is somewhat different from that of a law firm. Male surgeons are the "kings" of the hospital. They are all superstars. Female doctors will be recognized by them if they are skilled, while others will be ignored by them.

Their attitude towards the nurses is very bad, although they think they are super nice people, after all, they often order sushi for everyone to eat.

There is an effect called Milgram's obedience to the authority paradigm. This experiment is to test the subjects, how much power of rejection human nature can exert when encountering an order from an authority that violates conscience.

In 1963, the experimental group advertised in newspapers and sent out many postal advertisements to recruit participants to come to Yale University to assist in the experiment. The experiment site was chosen in a basement in the old campus of the university. The basement has two rooms separated by walls. The ad states that the experiment will run for about an hour and that the pay is $4.50. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 50 years old and included a variety of educational backgrounds, from primary school to doctorate.

Participants were told that this was an experiment on the "effect of corporal punishment on learned behavior" and that they would play the role of "teacher" to teach another participant in the next room - "student", however the student In fact, it was faked by the experimenter.

The participant will be informed that he has been randomly selected to be the "teacher" and given an "answer sheet". The experimental group also explained to him that the participant who was selected as a "student" next door also received a "question paper". But in fact, the two pieces of paper are "answer sheets", and all the real participants are "teachers". The "teacher" and "student" are located in different rooms. They cannot see each other, but they can communicate with each other through the wall. One participant was even told in advance that the participant next door had heart disease.

The "teacher" was given a shock controller that allegedly ran from 45 volts, connected to a generator, and told that the controller would shock the "student" next door. The answer sheet obtained by the "teacher" lists some well-matched words, and the task of the "teacher" is to teach the "students" next door. The teacher will read these word pairs to the students one by one. After the reading, the teacher will start the test. For each word pair, four word options will be read out for the students to answer. The students will press the button to point out the correct answer. If the student gets it right, the teacher moves on to other words. If the student answers incorrectly, the teacher will give the student an electric shock. Every time the student answers incorrectly, the volts of the electric shock will increase accordingly.

Participants will believe that students will actually receive a shock every time they answer incorrectly, but no shock is actually delivered. In the next room, the student impersonated by the experimenter turned on the tape recorder, and the tape recorder played the pre-recorded screams in conjunction with the action of the generator. As the electric shock voltage increased, there would be even more amazing screams. When the volts increase to a certain level, the fake student will start banging on the wall, and after hitting the wall a few times will start complaining that he has a heart problem. Then when the volts continue to increase to a certain level, the students will suddenly remain silent, stop answering, and stop screaming and other reactions.

Voltage "student" response

75 V mumble

120 V scream

150 V said he wanted to quit the trial

200 V shouted: "The blood in the veins is frozen."

300 V refuse to answer questions

More than 330 V silent

By this point many participants had expressed a desire to pause the experiment to check on the students. Many participants paused at 135 volts and questioned the purpose of the experiment. Some proceeded to the test after receiving assurances that they would not be held responsible. Some laughed nervously as they heard the students screaming.

If the participant indicated that he wanted to stop the experiment, the experimenter would reply him in the following order:

please continue.

This experiment requires you to continue, please continue.

It is necessary for you to proceed.

You have no choice, you must continue.

If, after four prodding with replies, the participant still wanted to stop, the experiment was stopped. Otherwise, the experiment continued until the participant applied the punishment current up to a maximum of 450 volts three times before stopping.

But the results of the experiment were that 65 percent of the participants in the first experiment reached the maximum 450-volt penalty, despite their apparent discomfort; everyone paused and questioned the volts at a certain point. The experiment, some even said they wanted their money back for the experiment, none of the participants insisted on stopping before reaching 300 volts.

In the real world, do nurses refuse orders from doctors they don't know?

This experiment was done in 1966. 22 nurses received a call from an unknown doctor and asked them to immediately administer a drug to the patient. The name of this drug is very professional and non-medical professionals will not know it. , but this drug has a fatality rate, and the "doctor" asked the nurse to give twice the highest dose.

10 of the 12 nurses said they would refuse this "unreasonable request". However, in the scenario, 21 of the 22 nurses chose to obey the order, and only 1 refused to carry it out. The medicine was poured into the patients' mouths, and when the experimenters stopped them, they were already dispensing the medicine.

Before Yuki Nakamura left the United States, a disgusting prank happened. A person pretending to be a policeman called the manager of the fast food restaurant and asked him to search the young female employees in the restaurant because he suspected their bodies Alleged possession of stolen goods.

These managers blindly believed what the "police" said on the phone, took them to the back room, stripped them naked, searched the so-called stolen goods thoroughly, and then the abuse escalated into sexual assault, the influence of this absent authority Enticing dozens of people violated the law, the company's system, and her own conscience. Among them was a female manager. She didn't know how she was manipulated by the "police" and actually asked her male assistant to sexually assault female employees. "Extorted confession", and later a driver came to deliver the food, and the "police" asked the driver to sexually assault the female shop assistant, but the driver refused this unreasonable request.

His education is not high, and if he had a high education, he would not be a driver.

But he, like Zimbardo's fiancée in the Stanford prison experiment, is an outsider, he has not been caught in that "situation", and he is still a person with conscience and morality.

"Throughout human history, evil has prevailed because those who should have acted have not acted, those who should have cared have remained indifferent, and bystanders have been silent when justice needs them most. I don't want to remain silent. That’s why I wrote this article.” Nakamura Yuki finished speaking, took a sip of sugar-free coffee, and smiled confidently, “Have you ever heard of neurosis?”

"No." Pomona replied.

"Neurosis is not really a neurological disease. Oh, I forgot. Someone did a group perception experiment. When people choose to follow the crowd, the activity in the right parietal sulcus responsible for visual and spatial perception increases. , there is no response in the forebrain, this area is responsible for handling conflicts, plans, and other high-level emotions, and when it is arbitrary, it is reversed, the right brain amygdala area is activated, this part is responsible for managing emotions, resisting orders and dictators will cause this regional response..."

"You just said neurosis, doctor." Pomona interrupted Xue's eloquence while holding her coffee.

"That's not really neurotic, but the effect of emotions on nerves. In the United States, if a girl doesn't want to coordinate with her boss, she will be regarded as a neurotic."

"Isn't America encouraging debate?" Pomona said in amazement.

"Have you lived in America?" Xue asked.

"No."

"This is my daily life. I'm not a nurse who thinks with a groove in my brain, but when I express my opinions, others will say that I have a neurosis. I must leave that place before I really have a neurosis."

"Your jokes are so hard to find," Pomona said.

"I'm glad you realized it was a joke, Linda." Snow touched her coffee cup to hers as if toasting "One of my relatives named himself Tom in English just to be on the safe side." , I like my Japanese name, but I don’t use it much in public because they get tongue-tied when they say ‘Nakamura’, you can call me Yuki.”

"That's because I don't have cleavage." Pomona smiled viciously. "Apparently you don't either."

"I want cleavage. Guess when that part of the man's brain is activated?"

Pomona shook her head and looked at her.

Nakamura Yuki promised not to notice how hurtful what she said.

"Cleavage is an asset, it's even more important than good looks because it's more noticeable to men."

"Will it help you with your doctoral dissertation?" Pomona said impatiently, feeling like she had made a bad start.

Nakamura Yuki smiled ambiguously, her eyes looked like a fox from Fushimi Inari Taisha Shrine.