Harry Potter Morning Light

Ireland is also known as the Emerald Isle. The whole island is covered with greenery from east to west and from south to north. The temperature is moderate, the water network is densely covered, and the grassland is wide, which is very suitable for the development of animal husbandry.

In order to achieve the purpose of restricting the export of Irish wool, the London Parliament even enacted a law banning the import of Irish live cattle. Since William III defeated James II, the land of the Irish aristocrats who once supported James II was "confiscated". Only 14% of the land controlled by Ireland itself dropped to 7% after 20 years. By 1775, it was controlled by Irish people. Only about 5% of the land is left.

At that time, the Parliament also passed the "Livestock Act", which prohibited Catholics from owning horses worth more than 5 pounds, but did not prohibit raising cattle and pigs, but only agriculture and animal husbandry could not increase land rent. The primary purpose of the enclosure movement is that the income from wool is higher than that from agriculture. The nobles and new nobles can pay higher land rents and drive away the farmers who rented land. British landlords in Ireland are also subject to the "Wool Act" and Constraints of the Livestock Act.

But the "solutions" are always people's ideas. Usually the landowners don't live in Ireland. They lease the land through middlemen, collect a rent in advance, and then leave it alone.

The middleman then leases to the middleman, and through layers of exploitation, the land rent will be higher when subletting to Irish tenant farmers, and they will also cut the land into small pieces. American farmers have large tracts of land, and they even need to use horses to pull plows, which reduces their farming costs.

High land rents, high planting costs, and low food prices have resulted in almost no property for the Irish, and some foreign middlemen will rent land to farmers at relatively low prices, and the lease time for tenant farmers will also be shortened accordingly. The middleman can take the land use rights to the market for auction every now and then, driving up the price.

In addition to using the land for farming, you can also build houses. Even if you don’t talk about the big projects of the General Administration of Customs, building some townhouses can also increase the rent price, but these repaired houses are basically unoccupied. The target customers of those high-end communities are wealthy. People, the rich have all gone to London, and they only go back to Dublin in winter, and there is not much private demand for high-end housing.

Dublin's real estate was weak from the start, but construction spread to the suburbs and satellite villages, and the final result was that Irish farmers had to pay high rents for their cattle, butter, wheat, etc., and their only property was pigs and Pig manure, and potatoes.

Whereas the English landowners could acquire great wealth without doing anything, the Irish peasants had to devote all their time and energy to tending to a small patch of land with a precarious lifespan, with no means of improving it.

Richard has 22 children, but he never intended for Maria to sacrifice her life to take care of her younger siblings. She wrote two novels, "The Castle of La Corente" and "The Landlord Outside", both of which reflect the relationship between Irish landowners and tenant farmers. It also indirectly supported his father's political views. In his small town, the rent was not so high, and he himself did not leave Ireland to live in England.

In 1800, he delivered a speech in the Irish Parliament. He believed that the Anglo-Irish merger would allow rich families to come to Ireland to inherit their land in Ireland. His daughter is more realistic than him. In Maria's novel, an English landowner meets a group of Dublin townspeople as soon as he disembarks from his ship. They try to get a few pennies from him. And romance, as he suddenly finds himself surrounded by a group of "monsters".

Saying "don't worry, don't be afraid," these men took his luggage, and the British traveler was besieged and watched helplessly. But when he arrived at the hotel and found that his luggage was safe and sound, and he only paid a few pennies, the porters smiled and were grateful to him.

This scene can be seen in Agatha Christine's novel "Tragedy on the Nile", but the beggar has become an Egyptian. Saint-Tirrell came to Belgium mainly for the construction of the Museum of Natural History in Brussels. He was not seen in Boulogne-sur-Mer before. There are many specimens in the museum, animals from all major states, and two mummies. The Belgians who saw them for the first time were excited and frightened.

The Egyptians didn't just mummify people, they also mummified animals. St. Tyrrell dissected them. Some animals haven't changed much over thousands of years. But when Georgiana saw the mummies of baboons, she felt very uncomfortable.

The cats and dogs that changed the most were the Welsh corgis with very short legs, they were good for cattle herding, and in Ireland you had the wolfhounds, they were very big, but with the extinction of the Irish wolf, these wolfhounds went extinct, The dogs in the tombs of pharaohs in ancient Egypt did not exist in 19th century Egypt either, they looked more like hyenas. Now found on frescoes, and still alive in Egypt, are the slender dogs known as the hounds, which came from the Fertile Crescent and were good at hunting antelopes, desert foxes, and jackals.

These dogs are the hunting dogs of the pharaohs and nobles. The nobles usually drive chariots when they go hunting. Chasing antelope can experience the speed and passion. In contrast, fighting with a lion is very dangerous, and the lion does not run fast, not only cannot give full play to the advantages of the bloody horse, the horse is afraid of the lion by nature, and if it is not trained, it will panic when it smells the lion. When the carriage overturns, it is up to the hunter to face the lion himself.

As for how useful those dexterous gazelles are when facing lions, they can only resign themselves to fate. If they are unlucky, they will not be able to hunt, but will be hunted instead.

Before 1800, animals were never regarded as individuals in need of protection. With the massive urbanization of the UK, some rural customs also poured in, such as bullfighting, cockfighting, dogfighting, and bear fighting, which were popular in the market as "entertainment" and Notoriously cruel, a man named Martin proposed animal protection laws to protect large animals such as cows, horses, and mules, which at least could be used as transport.

This drew jeers from MPs, who jokingly yelled "and dogs, and cats".

The Spanish bullfighter will hold a piece of red cloth to irritate the bull. The British bullfight will first tie the bull to a stake, and then sprinkle pepper on the nose of the bull. After the bull is irritated, it will release a special bulldog. A large dog will bite a cow on the nose.

Then there is the bear fighting performance. The bear is also tied to a pillar and besieged by several hounds. No matter how fierce the bear is, it is finally killed and exhausted. The whole scene is bloody, but the bear's body will not be killed by the hounds. Dismember the body, after all bear skins are very valuable. In the 18th century, Britain was already the world's best life. Meat was a part of many people's tables. London butcher shops consumed more meat in a month than Spain in a year.

The demand for meat inevitably requires a slaughterhouse. In order to ensure the freshness of the meat, the slaughterhouse is usually located in the city center. For example, Diagon Alley used to be a butcher shop. Shade can block the sun.

And Diagon Alley is located on Charles Cross Street, which is the city center. Seeing the slaughter scene every day in a densely populated place will make people feel uncomfortable, especially the screams of animals before they die, and the blood flowing The sewer is really a breathtaking "public landscape".

Martin wants to ban everything that can be an inducement to cruelty, to ban all animal cruelty that entertains and satisfies gluttons.

In addition, the people who watch these "performances" are the most unruly at the edge of the city, and their gathering together will lead to an increase in acts of disturbing public order.

In fact, when Britain and France signed a trade treaty in 1786, Ireland also proposed the same preferential treatment. The Portuguese occasionally smuggled Irish wool socks to France as British goods. Also experienced the American Revolution, William Pitt, Jr. lowered tea tariffs, raised taxes, and reduced smuggling.

However, the final "consensus" was that Ireland "should not have it", and when defending the trade treaty, William Eden argued that "the two countries should currently enjoy a different system of trade with France", so What is important to UK policy is "not necessarily" explicitly acceptable to Ireland.

To put it another way, while Britain and Portugal had to give Porto wine a preferential tariff over Bordeaux because of the Treaty of Methuen, Ireland was not subject to this constraint.

The production of whiskey in Scotland is restricted, but the brewing industry in Ireland is not affected. Gunton, the designer of the Customs House, was also attacked. The most important ports of destination in Ireland are Rotterdam, Bordeaux and Cadiz, Spain. The trade volume with Liverpool is incomparable. It is necessary to build a more magnificent Customs House than Liverpool Customs. what?

"Oh~" Padma whimpered involuntarily.

"Afraid?" Georgiana asked.

"Of course not!" Padma said.

Edgeworth laughed.

"I don't like her books," said Georgiana sharply. "Hasn't she realized how much she loves to preach?"

"So what do you think your style is?" Richard asked.

Georgiana was speechless.

Seeing her like this, Padma smiled gloatingly, but her smile soon froze after seeing the exhibits in the next exhibition hall.

"Is that true?" she murmured.

"Of course." St. Tyrrell said, looking at it too. "It doesn't look real, does it?"

Padma didn't answer.

Georgiana and Edgeworth also looked at the huge monster, which looked like a wolf, but was 10 times larger than a normal wolf.

Even though it has been made into a specimen now, it is still clawing and scratching, looking extremely scary. Fortunately, the museum is not yet open to the public.

"It shouldn't be here, who put it here?" asked Georgiana.

"I," said Shapthal, "we paid dearly for killing it."

"Is this..." Edgeworth asked.

"Revodang is a beast, not counting the people who caught it and died, there are hundreds of people it attacked." Shaputar looked at Georgiana and said, "Why shouldn't it be placed here?"

Because, it looks too "magical" to appear in a "natural science" museum.

She didn't say these words, but looked back at the horrible specimen, which looked a bit like a dog from this angle.