Harry Potter Morning Light

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners, headed by the emperor, ruled by relatives and nobles. Nine years ago, Nurhachi still regarded himself as Jianzhou Jurchen. After Dorgon conquered the entire Monan Mongolia, Huang Taiji abolished the old family name and changed it to "Manchuria". This is a new ruling group formed by absorbing Haixi Jurchen and some other tribes with Jianzhou Jurchen as the core. .

Although the power was concentrated in the emperor himself after the capital was established in BJ in the first year of Shunzhi, even in the later years of Emperor Kangxi, the Eight Banners relatives and nobles still had great power, and the princes formed a new Eight Banners relatives and nobles group.

The old relatives and nobles are still there, and new relatives and nobles have been formed, especially the three major Eight Banners relatives and nobles formed around the families of the three empresses of Emperor Kangxi, all of which participated in the battle for the reserve position. Therefore, Emperor Yongzheng and the eighth elder brother Yinhu were not simply a personal political struggle, but almost the entire Manchurian aristocratic group, old and new, and the imperial power, and Yinhu was their spokesperson.

Before he ascended the throne, Emperor Yongzheng was an ordinary prince who lacked the authority possessed by Emperor Kangxi, and the new and old eight-banner pro-noble groups formed around Yinhu posed a great threat to the imperial power. This was the severe situation he faced in the early days of his ascension. That's why he gradually eliminated the key members of the Eighth Prince through continuous wooing and splitting, relying on his younger brother Prince Yi Yinxiang, uncle Long Kedo and Nian Gengyao as assistants.

After eliminating this biggest opponent, the newly formed Eight Banners upstarts Longkodo and Nian Gengyao began to grow again, becoming a new threat to the imperial power.

Since Tatar and the Central Plains merged into one country, the Great Wall lost its original function. It was not built on the wonderful plains, but winding and undulating along the high mountains. There are still military camps at the foot of the Great Wall, holding on to the solid stone pass.

Since it was no longer necessary for defense and security, the Manchus paid no attention to its maintenance, and many parts of it have begun to collapse, while other parts have become obstacles to the development of the plains, which once relied on it for defense. .

As an adopted prince, Yong Rong does not want to participate in the battle for the throne, but he still wants to "relieve Qianlong's worries". First, Mongolia should no longer be a threat. The forces are mixed with it.

The highest decision-making body in the Qing Dynasty was originally the Conference of Kings and Ministers, whose members were members of the Eight Banners. At the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, the Minister of Prime Minister Affairs was established in the name of three years of filial piety, and once held the highest decision-making power. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, due to the war with the Zhungeer Khanate, Yongzheng ordered the establishment of "two-way military aircraft". At the beginning, the Military Aircraft Office was just a temporary wooden house, which was first placed inside the Qianqing Gate, then outside the Longzong Gate, and then converted into a tile-roofed house, which is close to the emperor's bedroom and the Hall of Mental Cultivation. It is a typical interior. towards the institution.

To enter the palace, one must go through the "gate control". The difference between the "Forbidden City" and the "Purple City", the residence of the emperor of heaven, is that the word "forbidden" is missing. Birds can fly freely in the sky, but there is no such natural freedom in the Forbidden City.

After the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, the emperor could freely choose his cronies to serve as the Minister of Military Aircraft. The Minister of Military Aircraft had no fixed number of staff and no full-time job, but only a temporary position. Since then, the kings and ministers who have discussed politics have gradually lost their importance, and it is difficult for powerful ministers like Dorgon and Obai to appear again.

It is not easy for the pawnshops in the capital to continue to operate. Judging from the pawnshops run by Tseleng and Yongrong, the most serious problem they face is the long-term debts of officials.

The interest of the pawn shop of the Tsereng family was less than 8%, and the officials refused to pay, so he had to "order" the officials to make up for it.

The "Wancheng" and "Fenghe" pawnshops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs can be deducted quarterly from the salary of officials, but the "Qingchun pawnshop" allocated by Yong Rong cannot do that. Even if he is the Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, he can only Qianlong awarded him 1,800 official houses rented out by the House of Internal Affairs.

It is difficult for the pawnshops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to compete with private pawnshops, because private pawnshops can generate interest from business. After all, the salary is fixed, but the profit of businessmen fluctuates.

The main purpose of raising people to go to Qintianjian that day was to pay back the money. After his house was ransacked, Yunduan Dorji was short of money for a while, so he borrowed money from the pawn shop opened by Yongrong, and repaid the principal and interest normally. This is a very upright thing. There is no need to be afraid of someone writing a memorial.

The use of memorials began in the Kangxi period. There were no memorials in the Ming Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, memorial documents were used. The Shangshu Province once made very clear regulations, and future generations have continued to use them. A memorial is like an excerpt. When the storyline reaches a paragraph, it is divided by a crease, which is called a "fold".

Memorials are different from official documents. All important events that are not easy to disclose, such as private and confidential events, must be reported in memorials without a seal. In the Ming Dynasty, the powerful "eunuch with palm seal" was powerful. During the Shunzhi period, Manchurians and Han people, whoever had the highest official title, held the seal. All inscriptions covered by this "seal" can be made public.

Memorials can be used to report things as small as greetings, thanksgiving, and trivial matters of the people, as large as military affairs, diplomacy, and confidential information. In the early days of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, there was no fixed format. It was only stipulated that the emperor should use a Zhu pen to write instructions on the memorial. An important basis for administration.

Zhu Zhu could be written by the emperor himself, or by the minister of military affairs. At the same time, the system of submitting memorials was also extended to all governors, governors, and political envoys. Therefore, although the Conference of Ministers of State and Political Affairs still exists, it has gradually been reduced to a decoration, and was finally abolished by Emperor Qianlong, and the last trace of the Eight Banners' co-governance no longer exists.

Emperor Kangxi stipulated that the memorials of his officials must be written in their own handwriting. If they cannot write by themselves, they can be written by a close nephew, but it must be explained at the end of the memorial.

Generally, each piece of memorial has six lines, and the left and right pieces are divided into one opening, each opening has twelve lines, and each line has twenty-six characters. Parallel prose was popular during the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with gorgeous words, but sometimes the words did not express the meaning. Kangxi required that the content of the memorial should not be concerned about "clumsy workmanship", but the words must be able to express the meaning.

Judging from the actual situation, the officials who wrote the memorials were afraid of being condemned for what they said in the middle, so they were cautious and careful. Therefore, when writing the memorials, they were generally written by knowledgeable and experienced staff.

After repaying the money, Yongrong ordered a Ula to take Juren to the big treasury of the Wenhua Palace, which stored official memorials, Zhu Zhu memorials, edicts, etc. from the Kangxi period. The things inside cannot be taken away, but Juren can Read it inside.

Not far from the Daku is Wenyuan Pavilion. After Li Zicheng entered the Forbidden City in the late Ming Dynasty, most of the Wenhua Hall was destroyed. Only the Wuying Hall remained, and it was ordered to be rebuilt. Everything was in accordance with the Ming system. The scripture banquet is held, and the palace examination marking is also held in the Wenhua Palace.

During the reign of Qianlong, Wenyuan Pavilion was built on the site of Shengji Hall. This is the royal library. It was originally built for the storage of "Siku Quanshu". Zhejiang Tianyi Pavilion, which imitates both regulations and concepts, is in In the Forbidden City, where there are red walls and yellow tiles everywhere, it is made of black glazed tiles, and the paint is mainly in cool colors.

The imperial examination is an indispensable part of embarking on an official career, but it is strictly forbidden for humble people to participate. The so-called lowly people refer to barbarians, slaves, criminals, executioners, government servants, actors, beggars, blind people, etc.

"Yi" certainly does not refer to the Manchus, although they must be distinguished from the Han people. The barbarians here mainly refer to Europeans like Nick. Neither Lang Shining nor Tang Ruowang entered office through the imperial examination.

While the French were keen to pursue the "Chinese style", the German Enlightenment thinkers used the imperial examination system as a weapon to oppose the European aristocratic hereditary system.

Since ancient times, European officials and titles have been hereditary, and unless the military exploits were rewarded by the king, the European Middle Ages were full of wars.

This kind of official selection system of "study and excellence" fits well with Plato's "philosopher king" thought. They oppose the feudal hereditary system, and everyone can enter the official career through equal competition.

Bonaparte sneered.

Georgiana didn't say a word, and continued reading dryly.

This rule means that Nick cannot take the imperial examination, but he can take the examination of scholar. With the fame of scholar, he can also not worry about torture, and he can go to court without kneeling.

This social distinction is not stipulated by law, but is set by human prejudice. To obtain a good status, it takes three generations to engage in occupations that are worthy of respect and useful to society.

Nick opposed this kind of discrimination, but Juren responded with a wry smile.

"I can write memorials, but do you think the emperor will meddle in our 'nosy'?"

Juren's claim gave Nick a sense of pity.

"If we want to get out of trouble, we have to think about 'folding'." Juren said lightly, took another sip of wine, and smacked his lips, as if very comfortable.