Harry Potter Morning Light

"Lady Sevres!"

Before Georgiana got into the carriage, a postman stopped her and delivered a letter.

Georgiana took it, but did not look anxiously. Mrs. Secu and Mr. Martin got into the carriage from the other side. Figel and the coachman sat in the front row, and Alice, Belle, and Matilda's carriage followed behind. Including Laplace's daughter, Shaputar's wife and other characters, her party actually has 10 carriages. If the Mamluk cavalry is also added, it is already a large team.

Instead of going to inspect the soldiers with Napoleon, they had to go to the pier. As soon as the car door was closed, Mr. Martin continued to tell her the basic situation.

There are multiple reasons why Monroe mentioned importing whiskey. After the Revolutionary War, the United States was eager to repay the debt owed by the war. Hamilton imposed an excise tax on whiskey, which made farmers, especially Irish and Scots in western Pennsylvania, very dissatisfied. These people not only imported whiskey It is used as a drink and also as currency, mainly because there is not enough currency in the market, which is a bit similar to the use of silk, spices, salt and other commodities as currency in the Middle Ages.

At the same time, brewing wine is also a way to preserve grain. Farmers brew surplus grain into wine, pack it in kegs, and transport it down the Mississippi River on horseback or boats to the eastern market.

When the United States was still a British colony, it tried to promulgate stamp duty. Is this stamp duty used for trade management or entered the British treasury?

According to the British constitution, a British person cannot legally be taxed without the consent of his representative in Parliament, and a pamphlet circulating in England states that many places in the UK, such as Sheffield and Manchester, do not Representatives are taxed anyway, and Boston has representatives in Congress, so Americans have nothing to complain about.

When bundles of tax stamps showed up at the docks, Americans knew that if they did nothing, the stamp duty would be lost. According to the "Stamp Duty Act", the law cannot be enforced without tax stamps, so these tax stamps were secretly destroyed after landing.

This is a solution to the symptoms rather than the root cause. Even if the tax stamps are destroyed, someone must still be responsible. The use of force will intensify the conflict. The final solution to the stamp duty still needs to be negotiated.

"Status" and "social status" are two words in French. A person's status is a businessman, but his social status is not necessarily high.

Colonial people have no right to vote, and it is entirely possible to send representatives to Congress, but this means that it is reasonable and legal for Congress to collect taxes from the colonies, which is contrary to the purpose of the colonies’ refusal to pay taxes.

In the end, the people's debate in the North American colonies won, and the stamp duty was abolished, but when the people cheered for it, the king signed the "Declaration Act" on the same day he signed the "Abolition Act", which stated that "The King has, and has, And according to the power and authority there are laws and decrees to govern the American colonies and their people in any case", that is to say, the legislative power of the North American colonial assembly was taken away, but at that time everyone was busy celebrating and no one cared.

In 1767, Congress passed the "Townsend Act". Townsend himself felt that the distinction between "internal tax" and "external tax" was meaningless, but the colonists insisted on doing so, so they "beat" by levying "external tax" give them a shot.

At that time in America, all kinds of glass, lead, paper and tea were taxed. In order to effectively collect these taxes and other taxes, tax collectors were sent to Boston.

This kind of tax collector is as hateful as the tax collector who collects stamp duty. The difference is that the stamp tax collector will avoid pressure and resistance, and these tax collectors will take the army. ” and “External Taxes” are meaningless and pay taxes that were previously unknown.

William Pitt Jr. opposed this, because the taxation did not obtain the consent of the colonial people, and Congress had no power to "take money from their pockets."

It is difficult for any one but the legislator to judge which taxes are to increase revenue, and which are to regulate trade. The nature of the decree must be inferred from the intention of the legislator, and the intention of the legislator must be inferred from the nature of the decree. This kind of question that logicians go around in circles does not need to be discussed in detail. In short, the American people have a firm belief that they have The same powers as all nations to be able to judge when their powers are violated. External taxes are customs duties and import taxes, and internal taxes are consumption taxes. If Britain can dissolve the colonial parliament and completely destroy the colonial self-government at this time, then the crux of all problems will be solved.

But the colonial congresses in the Americas did not work together. At least the Governor of New York supported the British troops stationed in New York according to the Garrison Act, and did not allow the Massachusetts Congress to call on everyone to hold an illegal assembly for "defending freedom."

After a few years of procrastination, in 1773, the Boston Tea Party broke out, this time to oppose the tea tax law, and "Why should I be forced to buy more expensive tea after paying the tax when I can buy cheap smuggled goods?" .

More importantly, the tea tax law gave the East India Company the right to export tax-free. The smugglers still used the old method of opposing the stamp duty in 1765. They boarded the ship in disguise and poured the tea directly into the sea. The last time they poured Tax stamps, and planted the blame on the Indians, who were dressed as Indians at the time.

Whiskey tax reminds farmers of Pennsylvania of the evil "Stamp Duty", as well as "internal tax" and "external tax". Each state has an independent constitution, and it is reasonable to levy tariffs between countries. In the end, the thirteen North American states became one country, and it was unreasonable to continue to collect tariffs. The explanation is that the consumption tax reminds the public of the exorbitant taxes under the British rule, but the whiskey tax has become the second largest tax source in the United States. It is impossible for Hamilton to give up. If this tariff is cancelled, it will defend the debt of the War of Independence and the conquest of the Indians. military spending, he will raise tariffs, which may lead to more smuggling and tax evasion.

When the federal tax collectors went to collect taxes, they were in a situation where everyone shouted and beat them. The tax collectors were feathered and tarred. Before the Whiskey Riot, Hamilton wanted to appease the rebels by lowering the tax rate, but with little effect, and finally triggered a riot. ·Washington himself went into battle to suppress.

After Jefferson became president, he abolished the whiskey tax in 1801, which of course won the hearts of the people. He supported small farmers, but the second largest tax source disappeared. The way Monroe thought was to import whiskey and increase tariff revenue by importing whiskey. As for imported whiskey occupying the eastern market, what to do if the farmers in the west couldn’t sell whiskey was out of his consideration. Anyway, the federal government couldn’t get tax from it. Residents said, "There are so many people, so we must resist the consumption tax at all costs."

He can also gain benefits from the whiskey trade. France will not be so unlucky that it will not harvest every year, and the surplus grain can be used to make wine. Similarly, Scotland and England are very unhappy because of the prohibition.

Napoleon wants to split the United Kingdom of Britain is almost known to everyone. At the same time, some people in England hope to continue to cooperate with France with zero tariffs or low tariffs. Reducing tariffs can increase trade volume and reduce smuggling and tax evasion. Everyone A situation everyone is happy to see.

The exorbitant taxes collected by King George made British civilians very dissatisfied, especially the income tax that supported the Anti-French Alliance War. Everyone wanted to stop paying it a long time ago.

This situation is a bit unexpected. After all, everyone thought that Napoleon's tariff-free import of British steel and grain was a wrong move.

The United Kingdom can establish a city ship inspection association, and France can also establish it. It depends on who has more members. As long as peace is maintained, British warships will not carry out pirate-like robbing of passing merchant ships.

Just when Georgiana was dizzy from the explosion of information and the shaking carriage, they came to the Rouen pier. As soon as their carriage appeared, there was music on the pier.

Through the glass window of the carriage, she saw a large ship docked on the shore. It was very ornately repaired, and there was a gilt sculpture on the bow, but it was not a mermaid, but a woman surrounded by vines.

"That's the cruise ship that the head of state gave you, the Pomona." Mr. Martin said with a smile.

Georgiana looked at the sailboat. The sidestring of the ship was painted with black paint with the letters pomone, which happened to be the French spelling of pomona.

Fortunately, she is used to the super cruise ships of the 21st century, otherwise she might be overwhelmed by this scene.

The cruise ship is not big. Unlike a cargo ship, a cruise ship needs speed. After all, it is used for postal services, although it looks very luxurious.

At this time, she remembered Mr. Jenner's words "really generous".

How can he be a budget-conscious person when he gives gifts like this?