Harry Potter Morning Light

Of course, Georgiana would not be so foolish as to think that conservative bankers would really hand over their coins to her and let her help with the operation.

She estimated that in the end, the banks would review and release these loans by themselves, and even they did not release coins, but issued bank notes issued by their own banks.

The common point between banknotes and banknotes is that they are all paper and have no value in themselves. The difference is that banknotes cannot be exchanged in banks, but banknotes can be exchanged. Another difference is that banknotes will depreciate with the amount of issuance. Banks Coupons will not depreciate. The issuance of bank notes must have the double guarantee of gold and credit, and the holders can exchange gold with the issuing bank at any time.

As long as the bank does not close down, the holders of bank notes can use it as a medium of circulation. However, if the bank closes down, the bank note is just a piece of waste paper, and its value cannot be equal to that of banknotes.

Since the outbreak of the French Revolution, the government has changed several times, and the banks have closed down quickly. If Napoleon does not come back from Egypt, the government’s banknotes will also enter hyperinflation. It seems that bonds, banknotes, and bank notes are not very reliable. Currency is relatively safe.

Compared with antiques, works of art, and jewelry in troubled times, gold and silver are more real. In Italy, Napoleon would send money back to the Directorate at first, but later there were only works of art. He just bullied the bureaucrats of the Directory.

Georgiana did not believe that Henry Petty would be so "intimate" to tell Napoleon this way, prompting the bankers to spend the money in the bank and invigorate the French economy.

Napoleon was a risk taker. He set an interest rate of 5% on the national debt this time, which was higher than the 3% interest rate in the UK. Similarly, the 7% interest rate he issued for farming loans was also higher than the market average interest rate, although there was no Lorraine's high usury rate of 16% is sure to attract some bankers.

However, it is written in "The Wealth of Nations" that if the interest rate is set too high, it is not honest farmers who come to borrow money, but speculators. Only speculation can earn higher profits than the interest on loans. Therefore, in the end, the interest rate still has to return to the market average of 5%. In 1766, Louis XV promulgated a law to reduce the interest rate to 4%, but the people still used various methods to avoid it, and the interest rate of private lending remained at 5%.

The loan to the Paris bakery with 1% interest was carried out under the double pressure of the guild and the police, and the main borrowers were the liberal nobles headed by Leon Cour. Bloody reign of terror, Leon Cour also hid in the countryside for a while.

The nature of this organization has changed a bit now. Not only Marmont, but also others have taken a fancy to the mines of the liberal nobles and the little church property left by the church. It's just that the reputation of the "great good man" is better, Napoleon's cronies had yet to find an excuse.

To put it simply, it is to exchange money for life. When there is a revolution, the people will disembowel the nobleman, but they will not move any of his belongings, and they will all be handed over to the public. Interest and terror are the levers that drive people to act. Some people overcome their fear for their own interests, while others disregard their interests because of their fear. People are still smuggling food when there is a famine. Money is actually a kind of tool. Gold and silver mines were discovered in the New World and shipped to Europe, making Europe more currency than before. At that time, because of the lack of gold and silver, pepper and silk had to be used. , Spices act as currency, with these gold and silver peppers, silk, and spices, the currency value is gone.

Because Spain and Portugal are full of gold and silver, they are not as scarce as other European countries, and they can exchange fewer materials.

Although other countries do not have gold and silver, they can use banknotes instead. After the land is improved, it becomes fertile and more grains are grown. Handicrafts are developed when people can eat enough. The tools of handicraftsmen continue to make agricultural production more efficient. Many, once the food supply is cut off, taking Lyon as an example, the silk workers have no way to start work, and the guillotine has to chop off one head after another, but the most fundamental reason is not the bakery owner or the counterfeit money maker.

Bonds are issued based on land, and bondholders in cities are not interested in rural land, and they are not in a hurry to exchange.

In fact, there is no currency, and barter can also be used. What will the Lyons use to exchange food with farmers? Isn't silk only worn by nobles?

You can also pay on credit, which depends on credit. France’s credit is bankrupt, and the French king’s style is to frame charges and confiscate his family property. This has been a “tradition” since the Knights Templar. The Thermidorians abolished the Hostage Law, but people are still used to following its rules.

Josephine wanted to be queen, "history" was like that, and she wanted to have a religious wedding with Napoleon at the coronation.

Georgiana would think that way only if she had an extra head. The back crown was too heavy and covered with thorns, and she couldn't afford to wear it at all, not to mention the fantasy of letting England submit to France.

So say those old aristocrats with naive fantasies about politics, fuck it Sabine women.

After the harvest in September, the inspectors of the Paris Agricultural Association who were sent out came back, generally tanned, Mardan was still in the west, and he could not come back for the time being, the problems in the Lorraine and Alsace regions were beyond According to Georgiana's ability, there is a system in the local area. The allocation or lease of public land is decided by the highest bidder. Si's question is very acute.

Through this trip to the countryside, the inspectors understood that what farmers are most in need of is not money, but technology and knowledge. Georgiana named this demand, called agricultural technology, and this time the potatoes had a good harvest in the leisure land , the fertility of the leisure land is good, and the fertility of human manure is even stronger.

However, sugar beet planting still cannot be promoted, and farmers must have a certain cultural foundation to accept a new kind of agriculture. This is also a kind of "generation gap". While the cultural undertakings in Paris are developing rapidly, the French countryside is still stuck 200 years ago , farmers still listen to priests and churches, because of religion, laziness is one of the original sins. They think that some people are poor because of laziness. The high cost of wheat and its attractive income lead to mass production, and people feel that if they pay, they will definitely get something. A decree was also issued in 1795, expressly stating that "a system of immorality and indolence" threatened the "sacred nature" of private property.

For a long time, the peasant community has been accustomed to open fields, and after enclosing the land, the neighbors must respect the fence. A farmer in Normandy would tie up his cattle to keep them from grazing elsewhere, a farmer in Lorraine had a dispute with hired labor over communal land, and when a farmer struggled over where to find pasture for his cattle At that time, they were not in the mood to worry about sugar in Parisian cafes.

The conquest of fallow fields by planting potatoes is a new victory for mankind over the land. It is as exciting as the great reclamation movement in the Middle Ages. However, it is too early to leap from food to the planting of industrial raw material crops. People cannot accept that sowing and harvesting do not depend on The education level of those who work in the fields, but what to plant, what to plant, and how much to plant need to be instructed or calculated by themselves. This also involves economic issues, and how much farmers need to borrow also needs to be guided by others.

At this time, Georgiana suddenly felt that chemical fertilizer was really a good thing to save the common people, although the pollution and environmental damage it caused were also very serious.

Those banks transport the coins out of their respective vaults, and the local branches will also encounter security problems. The treasury’s tax money will be robbed by someone, which requires armed escort, and there will be remittance fees. If no one bears this fee, and this fee If the loss caused exceeds the loss of the new national standard coinage, the bank would rather not remit the money, and would rather put it in the bank as bank currency.

She now fully felt what the ministers said, Bonaparte was in charge of giving orders, and they were in charge of carrying them out.

The farming class is eager for technological improvement, but hired workers hate it. Machines have taken away the jobs of Maike. In the 21st century, French farmers often drove sheep, cows, pumpkins, and eggs to Paris to make trouble. This is also part of French culture. part.

When I was kissing me with my boyfriend on the romantic streets of Paris, I suddenly saw a herd of cows passing by the beautiful streets of Huadu. Doesn’t it feel like a broken dream?

That's right, Paris is not a place where dreams come true. Canova's disciple Selassie has a deep understanding.

If Napoleon had not met Robespierre Jr., he would have been but one of the dream-breakers among the bustling crowds of Paris.

It is impossible to melt gold and silverware into gold bars and silver bars, and then mint coins. Why should a gold cup bought for 24 francs be made into a gold bar of 18 francs? Who will bear the losses, unless the gold cup was snatched from elsewhere.

It is impossible for Italy to be robbed. Napoleon himself made an oath that unless Italy encounters a situation similar to the French invasion again, the French army will not go to Italy.

Then she was so ashamed to find that she had fallen into the "robber logic". It was okay to start a war and win the spoils, but who would bear the losses if they lost?

The issue of Santo Domingo has not been dealt with yet. Her original plan was to make it an export destination for France's meat, but it is estimated that no one in France is thinking about that issue now.

There was a new constitution, the return of exiled nobles, and the Industrial Fair. Hortense was pregnant and gave birth. If the child was born as a boy, he would most likely be the heir of France.

There are so many problems in my own family, who has the time to take care of things thousands of miles away.

She really hoped that Dusan Luverture was still alive, and not transferred to some forgotten corner of the world to fend for himself, to be forgotten and die like Grindelwald.

Sprout has dragon dung that is comparable to fertilizer, and potion that is comparable to pesticide. Don't ask, it's magic