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Chapter 167 Zhang Jiuling
Zhang Jiuling lived in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, but there were various social crises lurking. In view of the social malpractice, Zhang Jiuling proposed to replace the "hegemonic" way of politics with "kingly way".

Emphasis on protecting the people and educating people, opposing militarism, advocating saving penalties, reducing corvees, supporting agriculture and mulberry, insisting on reforming the administration of officials, selecting talents and abilities, and appointing people with both ability and political integrity as local officials.

His policy of administration eased social contradictions, played an important role in consolidating the centralization of power and maintaining the "Golden Age of Kaiyuan", so he was hailed as one of the three heroes of "Kaiyuan's era of Qing Zhen as prime minister".

Zhang Jiuling dared to speak out to the emperor when he was in charge of the government, and repeatedly advised Xuanzong to be prepared for danger in times of peace and rectify the court.

When Xuanzong's favorite concubine Wu Hui concubine wanted to abolish Prince Li Ying and establish her own son, she ordered the servants in the palace to lobby Jiu Ling, who rebuked the emissary and fought hard in time, thus quelling the internal strife in the palace and stabilizing the political situation.

As for the actions of An Lushan, Li Linfu and other traitors, Zhang Jiuling denounced their wrongdoings and tried their best to defeat their plots.

In the 24th year of the Kaiyuan period, An Lushan served as General Pinglu, and he failed in the crusade against Khitan. Zhang Shougui asked the court to behead him. Before that, An Lushan went to Beijing to meet Zhang Jiuling, who was the prime minister at the time.

Zhang Jiuling was quite knowledgeable about people. He saw clearly that An Lushan was a treacherous person, and concluded that he would make trouble in the future. Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling said to his attendant Pei Guangting:
"Those who mess up Youzhou must be fools."

This time, An Lushan violated the military law and was escorted to the capital. He asked the court for a verdict. Zhang Jiuling did not hesitate to give instructions in the memorial. In order to strictly enforce military discipline, he beheaded An Lushan. The memorial said:
"When Rang Ju goes out to the army, he must kill Zhuang Jia. Sun Wu obeys the order and also kills the palace concubines. If the order of the guarding army is followed, Lushan should not be spared death."

Tang Xuanzong did not understand the distinction between Hua and Yi, and after reading the approval document, he said:

"How can you assume that Lushan is difficult to control because Wang Yi just knew Shile?"

Tang Xuanzong did not give the final approval, but released An Lushan to show the emperor's favor, and finally An Lushan rebelled, repeating the scene of the Shile of the Jie clan rebelling against the Jin Dynasty in the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty.

On the Qianqiu Festival on August 24th in the [-]th year of Kaiyuan, which coincided with Xuanzong's birthday, Zhang Jiuling sent the "Golden Mirror Record of Qianqiu" as a congratulatory gift to persuade the emperor to work hard.

At the beginning, Zhang Jiuling served as the prime minister and recommended Chang'an Wei Zhou Ziliang as the supervisory censor.

In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Zhou Ziliang was questioned by the emperor himself because he talked about good and bad things indiscriminately, and ordered him to be killed in court.

Zhang Jiuling was demoted to serve as the governor of Jingzhou because of the crime of recommending incompetence. In the 27th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was named the founder of Shixing, with [-] households in the city.

In the spring of the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling asked to go back to his hometown to visit the tombs of his ancestors. Due to illness, he died on May 68th at the age of [-].

Shortly after his death, Anlu Mountain, which he once asserted to "rebel against", really set off the "Anshi Rebellion", which led to the rapid decline of the Tang Dynasty from "heyday".

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Shu, regretting Zhang Jiuling's great insight, and sent envoys to Qujiang to sacrifice Zhang Jiuling, posthumously posthumously making him a Situ.

Since the early Tang Dynasty, the main force of literary reform came from a group of literati with low social status, but it is undeniable that their success has something to do with the support of some far-sighted and powerful figures.

For example, Xue Yuanchao, Gaozong's important minister, once recommended Yang Jiong as a scholar of Chongwenguan. Yang praised Xue's role in their literary career with the words "Xue Linggong went to the right Wenzong, and pushed for a change with the end of Qi". Jay can therefore create a lot of momentum for a while.

After Sijie and Chen Zi'ang, in the years of Zhongzong Shenlong and Jinglong, the trend of restraint flourished, and the poetry circle tended to revert to its old ways.

In the early days of the Kaiyuan period, Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiuling, both ministers in charge and writers, played an important role in reversing this trend.

Although their poems often express their efforts to serve the monarch due to their status, they also contain the enthusiasm to actively seek the value of their own life, so they can get rid of the mere ostentation of court literature and have a moving vitality. .

The example they set and the award and selection of many outstanding poets made the transformation and development of Tang poetry continue and advance effectively.

Zhang Jiuling knew about literature at the age of seven, and he had a literary name. Zhang Shuo called him "the crown of poets who came out later". The 12 prime ministers of "Meeting" are mentioned in parallel, among which the couplet "Grass and trees have a heart, why ask for a beauty" is a portrayal of his noble sentiments.

In addition, Zhang Jiuling's five-character verses are deeply emotional, such as: "Watching the moon and Huaiyuan", the line "the bright moon is born on the sea, and the world is at this moment" is sung throughout the ages. It can be said that he is another powerful and admired man after Zhang Shuo. The literary master.

Zhang Jiuling's poetry creation is in the same line with Zhang Shuo in spirit. He highly praised Zhang Shuo for enriching his poems with the aura of kingship. In his poems, you can read "Zhonglan Bawang said, Shangyuming The Lord's grace", "Read the history of the group at a young age, follow the ancients in the anti-trace, be brown with jade, and wear a seal to pay the salary" and other sentences.

However, unlike Zhang Shuo's poems, which focus on praising achievements and ambitions, Zhang Jiuling's poems are more about the personality ideal of maintaining a clean and honest character in the face of poverty.

This attitude was especially clear after being squeezed out by Li Linfu. On the one hand, he hoped to cut into social politics and pursue the great cause of running the country and immortal grandeur; Harmoniously unify the contradictions, and don't want to bend oneself to flatter the world in pursuit of achievements.

This kind of life pursuit with ease of advance and retreat was very representative at that time, which contained the desire to design one's own life path with an active attitude, and fame, career and free life were also the two main tracks of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In terms of artistic expression, Zhang Jiuling's poems are not as straightforward as Zhang Shuo's, but mainly expressive, euphemistic and implicit.

For example, the twelve poems of his "Gan Yu" all use the image of grass and beauty to express his aspirations and express his noble character.

These poems are more influenced by the Ci of Chu, but the words are euphemistic. In the classical tradition, it can be said that they have both the charm of "wind" and "sao", and the fit of Qingying's mind.

In art, he deliberately pursues the ideal of "words and images will be self-defeating, meaning and color will be self-proclaimed", that is, focusing on the image outside the image and the meaning behind the words, which makes some of his landscape poems break through the predecessors who paid more attention to the extreme appearance. , Worked on the expressive technique of similarity in shape, and vigorously strengthened the lyrical meaning in the blend of subjectivity and objectivity.

Zhang Jiuling's poems on moonlit nights have the most meaningful charm, such as "Night Walk on the Xijiang River" and "Watching the Moon and Huaiyuan".

The clear and beautiful night scenes shown in these poems are permeated with graceful and profound feelings everywhere. It is hard to distinguish which is the scene language and which is the love language.

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(End of this chapter)