Technology: breaking the hegemony that monopolizes the world

Seeing these long-standing and difficult projects, no one in the conference room could face them with a relaxed attitude.

Because the longer they stay in this industry, the more they know how difficult these projects are.

A national institution may have the opportunity to develop a superconducting system, but for the semiconductor system in the quantum world, it is simply impossible for the hundreds of people present to do it, because the semiconductor system includes lithography machines, wafers, etc. Materials, as well as processing materials and equipment in each link need independent research and development.

With so many people present, as long as they can make a project together, not to mention leaving a name in history, they can at least make an appearance on the news at night.

There is also the quantum communication algorithm behind it. Old men like Yu felt a little bit guilty when they saw the name of this project.

Because of this thing, currently the world's Great Xia officials and North America are doing better, and Kyushu Technology actually wants to do it...

Mr. Yu glanced around indiscriminately, somewhat disbelieving that this group of people could complete this project, at least not within a few years.

After Gu Qing wrote a series of projects, he just tapped the blackboard a few times with chalk, and then said with emotion: "These projects are naturally impossible to be completed by us independently, and it is impossible for us, or the entire Blue Star at present, to have such a power These projects can be completed independently, unless the Shangwuchang can unite those scientific research institutions and work together to fight for the technology of all mankind.

But obviously, under the standard market economy where there are several companies in a country, it is almost impossible to invest a large amount of resources in such a project that does not see any return in the short term. "

Gu Qing was very determined not to say anything to death. After all, the current international situation is turbulent. What if there is a nuclear leader who does not regard everyone's life as his life?

"At present, the international community mainly focuses on the following two technologies.

One is the technical route based on the superconducting Josephson junction system, and the other is the gated quantum dot technology based on quantum semiconductors. "

Considering that some people in the conference room have not entered the quantum chip project, Gu Qing gave a brief explanation.

A Josephson junction is a junction formed by two superconductors separated by a very thin insulator or normal conductor, or by a superconducting bridge with a very small cross-section, so that only weak coupling exists.

We also call it a superconducting tunnel junction. The superconducting electrons in it can pass through the semiconductor or insulator film from one side to the other side by tunneling effect.

However, in some previous experiments, we found that in fact, as long as two weakly coupled superconductors can form a Josephson junction, it does not necessarily need to be in the form of a tunnel junction.

The physical application of the Josephson effect is developing rapidly at present, and has formed a new discipline - superconducting electronics.

The gated quantum dot technology solves the quantum problem from another angle.

Quantum dots are nano-semiconductors.

And low-dimensional semiconductor materials, whose dimensions in all three dimensions do not exceed twice the exciton Bohr radius of their corresponding semiconductor materials, quantum dots are usually between 2 and 20 nanometers in diameter. Common quantum dots are: silicon quantum dots, germanium quantum dots, lead selenide quantum dots, indium phosphide quantum dots and indium arsenide quantum dots.

One way in which gated quantum dot technology works is that quantum metal gates made of phosphorus atoms embedded in silicon can be used to program qubits.

This structure can help researchers expand a single qubit into a full quantum computer.

Embedded in relative isolation, such qubits could be easier to manipulate and more likely to be successful.

But the possibility of this kind of success, the most advanced achievement in the world at present is that in some experimental cases, quantum dots can store information for a few minutes to several hours, and more will not work. "

Having said that, Gu Qing shook his head with emotion.

"I heard that so far, when the laboratory is doing this experiment, it still chooses to use a magnetic field pulse at a suitable oscillation frequency to control the donor qubit, so as to set the state of the qubit or perform logic operations.

It’s just that in our project team’s opinion, this scheme can indeed work well on a single qubit. After all, it only needs to add an on-chip microwave chip and a microwave source that can generate high-frequency pulses next to a single qubit.

But how can a quantum computer require only a few quantum dots, and this technology requires that each qubit needs its own corresponding microwave source. I heard that the cost of each microwave source for their project exceeds 100,000 US dollars , it is conceivable that this will bring huge R\u0026D and production costs.

Moreover, if there are too many quantum dots, the magnetic field of each microwave source and quantum dot will be like an interference wave, which will continuously interfere with the surrounding quantum dots. . "

This is the first time that Gu Qing used insulting words when giving lectures.

But insiders have their opinions.

At present, all the projects related to quantum mechanics are just like the projects related to graphene in recent years. It is hard to blow, but it can be blown hard. If you make the most ideal project results, you can directly use it to cheat, no, Attract investment.

Then I took the money and started to be crazy and chic, buying, buying, and buying.

This kind of thing does not only exist in a certain Guo Jia, but similar things happen all over the world, and even the more capitalized Guo Jia, the more times this kind of thing happens.

After Gu Qing complained about this sentence, he also came up with his own ideas.

"Although the prospect of silicon-based is still there, from the perspective of the wider world in the future, we can directly abandon silicon-based and switch to carbon-based quantum chips.

The carbon base is more stable and stable, and it will only become easier to handle in terms of heat dissipation, manufacturing, and cost.

And the foundation of carbon-based chips allows us to have a more relaxed design idea. The limitations of silicon-based chips do not exist in front of carbon-based chips.

We can design a single microwave source that is independent and smart enough to vibrate all the computer qubits covered by its own magnetic field.

And as long as the sensors and intelligent programs are well controlled, this magnetic field will generally not affect the operation of the qubits. The electrons in the atoms are then deflected slightly by applying a voltage. This effect turns to an oscillating electric field, which the electrons and nuclei in the atom then react to, causing the nuclei in the atom to resonate, causing it to change state. .

If this idea can still work stably after large-scale installation of qubits, then quantum chips will no longer be virtual chips that we simulate with supercomputers again and again, and can move from virtual to real to reality. "