Technology: breaking the hegemony that monopolizes the world

"More specifically, standard collapse theory has two dynamical laws.

One of them is that the physical system evolves in a linear deterministic way when it is not measured; the other is that the physical system evolves in a nonlinear stochastic way when it is measured. But why can't measuring instruments and observers be described by linear deterministic laws?

So the standard collapse theory is not logically consistent.

In the many-worlds interpretation, there is no longer a distinction between the quantum world and the classical world in nature. From the perspective of quantum science, all systems are quantum.

Silver atoms are quantum, Jiaolong mobile phones are quantum, our SR1 glasses are quantum, you are quantum, and I am quantum too.

Therefore, under this theory, no matter how big or small the matter is, they can be entangled between different systems, and any system can be in a superposition state.

According to quantum standards, different superposition states are just different parallel worlds.

If more observers open the door and look at the record book, they will be entangled with existing large systems. In the many-worlds interpretation, no one is special, and everyone can be described by quantum states.

But from a theoretical point of view, this does not really copy two parallel worlds. For example, the mass and energy in them do not double because of this. These are just two states of the same system, just like

An atom is in two states, one with spin up and one with spin down, instead of two atoms.

Can you understand? "

Hearing this, it was not beyond everyone's understanding of the quantum world, so everyone nodded repeatedly.

On the other hand, Li You and some professors looked thoughtful.

They have an immature "ominous premonition" that this time Mr. Gu may throw them a century-old problem that they will never be able to verify in their lifetime...

However, this speculation was quickly suppressed in their hearts.

After all, according to their "experience", at this time, if they do not devote themselves wholeheartedly to Mr. Gu's narration, they may not be able to keep up with the subsequent discussion.

Gu Qing did not divert his attention, but concentrated on manipulating the virtual reality imaging device in front of him.

He pinched several virtual balls and began to divide and copy them.

“You can think of these virtual balls as matter, the world, and quantum states.

In the experiment, the electron beam is treated as electrons that are injected in sequence. When the electrons pass through the magnetic field, they will split into two worlds. The electrons in one world fly up, while the electrons in the other world go down. , if there are n electrons in the beam, it will be split into 2n worlds.

From a statistical perspective, this is similar to the classical probability of tossing a coin in statistics.

It stands to reason that the probability of heads and tails appearing is equal. We can naturally find that in most worlds, the number of electrons distributed up and down is about the same.

In the case where there are not many samples, it is not ruled out that there are some particularly lucky worlds. In these worlds, all the electrons fly to the top. It is like tossing a coin ten or a hundred times, and all words or patterns appear. The probability will gradually become smaller, but it does not mean that there will be no such probability.

Probability is originally the result of a large amount of data statistics. If you only do one or a few experiments, there is no probability to talk about at this time.

Only when we study the correlation of probabilities between two particles, such as observing particles on both sides of a spin singlet at the same time, do we find that quantum probability violates Bell's inequality.

Science, at this time, seems to be somewhat unscientific. In other words, some of the problems we encounter in the research of quantum communications and quantum chips are caused by incomplete theoretical exploration. "

Hearing this, Li You sighed deeply in his heart.

Problems caused by incomplete exploration of theory?

There are no people in this world who can complete theoretical exploration comprehensively, no matter how many people there are, it won't be enough.

In Li You's view, if people could understand everything, they would no longer be human beings, but "gods" as defined in myths and legends.

Being omniscient means being omnipotent.

“Speaking of which, when we were studying quantum chips, we also discussed Schrödinger’s cat.

At the simplest level, our observation behavior will cause the world to change. Schrödinger's cat, when it is covered, is in a state of both life and death. When we humans open the box to watch, it is this behavior that changes the world. The cat looked dead.

But the measurement behavior in the many worlds interpretation will only change the observer himself. The cat’s wave function has been determined. It’s just that when the human opens the box, the human memory and the cat’s wave function are entangled. Everything is based on the wave function. In unitary evolution, there is no instantaneous drastic change at the moment of measurement.

According to the many-worlds interpretation, the two components of this wave function represent two parallel worlds.

That is, in a world, this cat is still alive. But in another world, this cat is dead.

These two worlds are equally real and exist in parallel.

When the observer completes the observation of the cat, quantum entanglement is formed between the observer and the cat.

After the observation is completed, every state of the cat and every possible state of our observer, that is, the state of seeing the cat dead and the state of seeing the cat alive, are no longer independent states.

Once observed, the cat is no longer an independent entity; it becomes entangled with us, the observers.

In the view of some scientists, this is that during the observation process, the world described by the initial wave function splits into many mutually unobservable but equally real world branches, each of which corresponds to the superposition state of the entire system. A definite member state.

It can be thought that the entanglement of the instrument and the environment leads to decoherence and thus the splitting of the world.

Therefore, in each separate world branch, a measurement only produces a certain result. Although the results in each world branch are not the same, different "parallel worlds" can also be understood as ensembles in statistical mechanics.

This is also the 'many worlds interpretation', but I personally feel that it is the most original expression that is more accurate, such as the 'cosmic wave function'.

In this theory, the concept of Schrödinger's equation will always be applicable.

After all, the process of observation can apply the wave equation to the entire system including the observer and the measured object, and each measurement can be considered as causing the wave function of the large system composed of the observer and the measured object to become two or More superposition states of branches that cannot interact, or split into many parallel worlds.

Based on this derivation, our quantum chips and quantum communications will also involve the interpretation of information in this parallel world. "