The days when I pretended to be a cat in the Forbidden City[Comprehensive]
Chapter 211 Warring States
In the beginning of winter, before it snowed in Xianyang City, Xun Qing took his disciples out together as usual.
They had just left the city and before they arrived at a fixed location, they could already see people sitting there in circles from a distance.Seeing them coming, the people who had been sitting and waiting stood up and bowed to them one after another.
This is the characteristic of the Qin State Academy. Basically every one to two months, the students of the Academy will give lectures with the laws of the Qin State that ordinary people can easily violate.
At first, the people who attended the lectures were basically random, mostly businessmen who came and went to Qin and farmers who happened to have time to be bored.But later on, it was the village head or elders near Xianyang City who came to attend the lectures on their own initiative, and they even went to the school to inquire about the start date of this month to avoid missing the lectures.
To reach this step, the teachers and students of Qin Guoxue Palace have put in a lot of effort.
The state of Qin is a system of prefectures and counties. Official management ends at the county level, and there are smaller administrative units below the county level.In order to facilitate the management of the county magistrate, three elders will be set up in the township to be in charge of education, and under them are the head of the village and the head of the village.However, these appointments are not appointed by the government, and basically the most famous people in the local area are elected to take up this position.
This will inevitably lead to mixed grassroots managers in these places.The laws of the Qin state severely punished, and the harm caused by a wrong judgment is irreparable.Therefore, after realizing this, Xun Qing took the initiative to lead the students to various places to teach the Fa.
Does it sound incredible?A group of Confucian scholars actually went to the grassroots to popularize the law.
In fact, there is no opposition between Confucianism and Law, and Confucianism is not ignorant of the law.The reason why outsiders have the illusion that Confucianism is light on law is that in Confucianism, law is the lowest bottom line, and all Confucian thoughts are built on this bottom line.
Confucianism pays attention to "luck" the world, that is, to follow the trend, and pursues the higher pursuit of everyone above the bottom line of the law. The law is "governance", and it must be stronger and compulsive.Therefore, in the ideas of many Confucian scholars, if a country is only governed by laws, or if the laws of this country are strict and detailed to an astonishing degree, it means that the morality of this country has been corrupted to a certain extent.
This is also the reason why countries boycott Qin, because Qin is a country that uses the "bottom line" of other countries to govern the country.From the perspective of the five eastern countries, Qin is bound to be full of hooligans everywhere.
But Xunzi didn't think so.
Xunzi has traveled between countries since he was studying. He has communicated with the kings of various countries, and also got along with traffickers and pawns and even mountain bandits. Therefore, he knows very well that only a small number of people in this world can listen to Confucianism. Most people can't even guarantee their survival. Talking to them about benevolence, righteousness and morality is like playing the piano against a cow.
Those Confucian scholars who tried to use Confucianism to criticize the Qin State before forgot a very important point. Confucius once said that the common people should not be treated with courtesy. The education Confucius believed in was to teach students according to their aptitude. So Confucianism should never force others to learn Confucianism.
Confucius had several students, and in the quotations he left behind, the depth of what he said to different students was also different, and the words of Yan Hui, the most qualified, had lingering echoes in his words, and some of them could be extracted from the middle layers of analysis. meaning, and the conversation with Zilu with the worst qualifications is extremely simple and straightforward, the words mean the meaning, there is no need to think about it at all, just follow it.
Why?Because Confucius believed that one must not speak too profound words to a dull person, lest he think too much and go astray, just tell him the final conclusion, it may not be able to teach him well, but absolutely not. Teach bad.
This is also a key in the Confucian education system.
As far as this point is concerned, Xun Qing believes that Shang Yang's previous actions were not at fault, and he even appreciates them.He didn't know what the state of Qin was like when Lord Shang entered Qin, but as long as he read Shang Jun's book, he could get a glimpse of how bad Qin was at that time from the rules and regulations at that time.
Mr. Shang didn't spend time explaining these trivial issues to the Qin people at that time, he just said very forcefully - you don't need to know these, just get into the habit of not allowing it.
Execution of punishment with punishment is the fastest effective in a short period of time.It has been more than a hundred years since Shang Jun ruled the country, and the people of Qin State have also developed many good habits under the rules of the law.So Xun Qing thinks that the second step can also be carried out, which is to teach those who are used to "not" to do so why they can't do it.
This is actually a thankless task, because he has to use Qin's laws as the framework, and paste in the knowledge of Confucianism little by little to facilitate their understanding.For example, the laws of the State of Qin stipulated that the elderly in the family must be supported, and young people were not allowed to attack the elderly, and he would use the concept of filial piety to explain why the elderly must be supported and why the elderly should be respected.
At the beginning, except for two students who have now gone to Shu County to support him, almost all of his disciples disapproved of him doing this, especially many Confucian students who came here admiringly.
There are also a few young students who feel that there is no need to explain clearly. They think that the people of Qin State are very good now, but Xun Qing still insists on doing so.
His reason for persuading the King of Qin is that the Qin State can govern the Qin State in the same way as the Qin people, so is it still planning to use this method to govern the world?
The people of Qin State and the people of the Six Kingdoms have different backgrounds. The people of Qin have been used to being restrained, but the people of the Six Kingdoms are not.And even the Qin people killed many people at the beginning of Shang Yang's legislation, and even used the prince's husband to play the role of killing chickens and monkeys, and this decree was only implemented.
Even if Duke Xiao governed the Qin State like this, is it necessary to stage a killing of chickens and monkeys in the Six Kingdoms in the future?
This is undoubtedly the point that Yiren is most concerned about.
It is not difficult to govern a small country and a large country, and it is even more difficult to govern a large country that is hostile to you.The Qin State could accept Duke Xiao's government because he was one of his own, but the six countries would never accept his same treatment because Qin State was an outsider.
This principle is the same as that of a mother who beats a child is education, and a stepmother who beats a child is abuse.How to govern the counties and counties that merged into the Qin State every time can make King Qin very troubled, not to mention the country.
Don't mention anything else, let's just talk about the Eastern Zhou Kingdom and the Western Zhou Kingdom that just merged in.
The people of these two countries experienced serious dissatisfaction during the process of merging into Qin. The first point is that they could not accept Qin's thinking that "all people below the King of Qin are equal before the law."
If it is said who among the countries is the most superstitious about the theory of blood-born aristocrats, then there is no other country except Zhou.
This style of maintaining the dignity of the emperor even if he owes debts, and not losing etiquette no matter how embarrassing he is, has spread from the Zhou royal family to the common people.
Aristocrats are superior to others, born to be the holders of various privileges.In the state of Zhou, the law was for the nobles, but in the state of Qin, they are actually the same as ordinary common people?
Because there is no title, you can only wear ordinary linen, and you have to go to the fields to farm?There is still a limit to the number of wives and concubines?There is no way to buy a house with money?What a joke, it is unacceptable, absolutely unacceptable!
The aristocrats of the Zhou Kingdom, who had become accustomed to being domineering, scrambled to challenge the bottom line of Qin's laws.Although Qin State will give them a period of time to adapt to this area that has just been merged into Qin State, it cannot withstand repeated challenges.
When the Qin State really took action, these people would cry and ask other countries for help.Although no matter how noisy they are, it is useless in the eyes of other people, and they should do whatever they want, but it is indeed disturbing.
So when Xun Qing told him that his method might change the situation, Yiren agreed to try it without hesitation.
According to Xunzi, Confucianism is the most respected theory of the four eastern countries. If according to Xunqing's method, the legalist skin is covered with a golden coat of Confucianism, then those five eastern countries that claim to be civilized people will not be able to continue Straighten your back.
—Aren’t you civilized people?Don’t you all study Confucianism?The law is the lower limit of Confucianism, and none of you can reach it. How can you have the face to say that you are a country of etiquette?
No one can imagine how collapsed those countries will be by then.
However, in the process of re-editing, Xunzi regretted that his students were sent to Shu County.
Otherwise... "An'er is the best at this method."
If both of his students were there, it would save him a lot of energy. One with a black heart and the other with a black hand, it would take more time than an old man like him.
After repeatedly calling and pulling several students under his account, Xunzi rolled his eyes, picked out the two students who had the best knowledge of law, and then handed over the task to them.
These two people are Han Fei and Li Si who came here to study.
Soon, Lu An and Wei Liao, who were far away in Shu County, received letters from their juniors.
Li Si and Han Feiqi wrote to Lu An and Wei Liao to say - I can't get along with this senior/brother at all!
Judging from the signing time, the two of them may have sent the letters one after the other, but because of the poor traffic conditions in Shu County, they arrived at Lu An and Wei Liao at the same time.
...So this is a bit embarrassing. After Wei Liao and Lu An opened the letter and read it for a few times, their expressions were a little strange.
Of course, neither Li Si nor Han Fei directly scolded each other for being mentally ill in the letter. It would be too indecent to say that people are right and wrong behind their backs. They just stated very implicitly in the letter that I am not very good at communicating with such people That's all.
"Don't pay attention to them." Wei Liao stretched out his hand and pulled out the bamboo roll that Lu An was holding and threw it aside, then stuffed the person back into the bed.
This was Lu An's first winter after arriving in Shu County, but Lu Xiaoan, who had always been physically strong and could even jump around in the heavy snow in Xianyang, was now suffering from a cold in the warm and humid Chengdu.
Now he is lying listlessly on the couch to be taken care of by his senior brother.
"The two of them have been at odds for a long time." Lu An sighed a little after the letter was taken away, and he arched himself under the quilt, "It's not that I'm partial, it's just that Junior Brother Si has too many eyes .”
Both Li Si and Han Fei are older than him, but because of their relationship, they are both his juniors in the ranking of teachers.
Personally, Lu An preferred Han Fei, who had been in contact with him before.Although Li Si is really a very comfortable person, but Lu An's intuition will be farther away from him.
The reason is very simple, Li Si is not a pure person, in other words, he is a very purposeful person, and his purpose is to climb up.
Li Si never hid this point. He told Xun Qing when he was apprenticed to his teacher that the purpose of his study was to gain more power and wealth, so all the brothers and sisters knew it very well.
Li Si may not step down, but he will definitely push up.
Among Xun Qing's several students, Lu An is undoubtedly the one with the worst background but the highest achievement now and in the future, at least it seems so at present.
It is said that his background is low because the Lu family is a merchant family, and that his achievements are high because his father has made an excellent investment. iron.So not long after Li Sibai entered the teacher's school, he established a good relationship with Lu An.
Lu An doesn't think there is anything wrong with this kind of purposefulness, everyone has the right to choose how they live, but when getting along with such a smart and purposeful person, he will inevitably spend more energy Going to be vigilant, in this regard, is far less enjoyable than being with Han Fei.
The purpose of Han Fei's study is to build South Korea...well... Anyway, at least he is brave, and as a person who is habitually responsible for himself, Lu An appreciates Han Fei's responsible person. .
Lu An arched his head under the quilt, raised his reddened face and said to Wei Liao, "The two of them won't fight, will they?"
"Are you still in the mood to worry about this?" Just as he was talking, a person lifted the curtain and came in, just hearing his words, and snorted a little angrily, "I said Lu Xiaoan, you still think about how you should get along with your father. Mom, explain how you got sick from freezing to save a tiger cub from falling into the water!"
Lu An, Lu An shrunk his neck quietly, but he still couldn't help but burst into joy when he saw the two baby tigers arching around in the small basket beside the bed and whimpering from time to time.
The people who came in continued to chatter, "Tell me how you want to raise this tiger? They can eat a chicken now, and after half a year, they can eat a pig. After two or three years, they will have babies. I have to eat poor you!"
"Then, ahem," Lu An coughed twice, "Let's start with a pig farm."
Li Bing: "????"
They had just left the city and before they arrived at a fixed location, they could already see people sitting there in circles from a distance.Seeing them coming, the people who had been sitting and waiting stood up and bowed to them one after another.
This is the characteristic of the Qin State Academy. Basically every one to two months, the students of the Academy will give lectures with the laws of the Qin State that ordinary people can easily violate.
At first, the people who attended the lectures were basically random, mostly businessmen who came and went to Qin and farmers who happened to have time to be bored.But later on, it was the village head or elders near Xianyang City who came to attend the lectures on their own initiative, and they even went to the school to inquire about the start date of this month to avoid missing the lectures.
To reach this step, the teachers and students of Qin Guoxue Palace have put in a lot of effort.
The state of Qin is a system of prefectures and counties. Official management ends at the county level, and there are smaller administrative units below the county level.In order to facilitate the management of the county magistrate, three elders will be set up in the township to be in charge of education, and under them are the head of the village and the head of the village.However, these appointments are not appointed by the government, and basically the most famous people in the local area are elected to take up this position.
This will inevitably lead to mixed grassroots managers in these places.The laws of the Qin state severely punished, and the harm caused by a wrong judgment is irreparable.Therefore, after realizing this, Xun Qing took the initiative to lead the students to various places to teach the Fa.
Does it sound incredible?A group of Confucian scholars actually went to the grassroots to popularize the law.
In fact, there is no opposition between Confucianism and Law, and Confucianism is not ignorant of the law.The reason why outsiders have the illusion that Confucianism is light on law is that in Confucianism, law is the lowest bottom line, and all Confucian thoughts are built on this bottom line.
Confucianism pays attention to "luck" the world, that is, to follow the trend, and pursues the higher pursuit of everyone above the bottom line of the law. The law is "governance", and it must be stronger and compulsive.Therefore, in the ideas of many Confucian scholars, if a country is only governed by laws, or if the laws of this country are strict and detailed to an astonishing degree, it means that the morality of this country has been corrupted to a certain extent.
This is also the reason why countries boycott Qin, because Qin is a country that uses the "bottom line" of other countries to govern the country.From the perspective of the five eastern countries, Qin is bound to be full of hooligans everywhere.
But Xunzi didn't think so.
Xunzi has traveled between countries since he was studying. He has communicated with the kings of various countries, and also got along with traffickers and pawns and even mountain bandits. Therefore, he knows very well that only a small number of people in this world can listen to Confucianism. Most people can't even guarantee their survival. Talking to them about benevolence, righteousness and morality is like playing the piano against a cow.
Those Confucian scholars who tried to use Confucianism to criticize the Qin State before forgot a very important point. Confucius once said that the common people should not be treated with courtesy. The education Confucius believed in was to teach students according to their aptitude. So Confucianism should never force others to learn Confucianism.
Confucius had several students, and in the quotations he left behind, the depth of what he said to different students was also different, and the words of Yan Hui, the most qualified, had lingering echoes in his words, and some of them could be extracted from the middle layers of analysis. meaning, and the conversation with Zilu with the worst qualifications is extremely simple and straightforward, the words mean the meaning, there is no need to think about it at all, just follow it.
Why?Because Confucius believed that one must not speak too profound words to a dull person, lest he think too much and go astray, just tell him the final conclusion, it may not be able to teach him well, but absolutely not. Teach bad.
This is also a key in the Confucian education system.
As far as this point is concerned, Xun Qing believes that Shang Yang's previous actions were not at fault, and he even appreciates them.He didn't know what the state of Qin was like when Lord Shang entered Qin, but as long as he read Shang Jun's book, he could get a glimpse of how bad Qin was at that time from the rules and regulations at that time.
Mr. Shang didn't spend time explaining these trivial issues to the Qin people at that time, he just said very forcefully - you don't need to know these, just get into the habit of not allowing it.
Execution of punishment with punishment is the fastest effective in a short period of time.It has been more than a hundred years since Shang Jun ruled the country, and the people of Qin State have also developed many good habits under the rules of the law.So Xun Qing thinks that the second step can also be carried out, which is to teach those who are used to "not" to do so why they can't do it.
This is actually a thankless task, because he has to use Qin's laws as the framework, and paste in the knowledge of Confucianism little by little to facilitate their understanding.For example, the laws of the State of Qin stipulated that the elderly in the family must be supported, and young people were not allowed to attack the elderly, and he would use the concept of filial piety to explain why the elderly must be supported and why the elderly should be respected.
At the beginning, except for two students who have now gone to Shu County to support him, almost all of his disciples disapproved of him doing this, especially many Confucian students who came here admiringly.
There are also a few young students who feel that there is no need to explain clearly. They think that the people of Qin State are very good now, but Xun Qing still insists on doing so.
His reason for persuading the King of Qin is that the Qin State can govern the Qin State in the same way as the Qin people, so is it still planning to use this method to govern the world?
The people of Qin State and the people of the Six Kingdoms have different backgrounds. The people of Qin have been used to being restrained, but the people of the Six Kingdoms are not.And even the Qin people killed many people at the beginning of Shang Yang's legislation, and even used the prince's husband to play the role of killing chickens and monkeys, and this decree was only implemented.
Even if Duke Xiao governed the Qin State like this, is it necessary to stage a killing of chickens and monkeys in the Six Kingdoms in the future?
This is undoubtedly the point that Yiren is most concerned about.
It is not difficult to govern a small country and a large country, and it is even more difficult to govern a large country that is hostile to you.The Qin State could accept Duke Xiao's government because he was one of his own, but the six countries would never accept his same treatment because Qin State was an outsider.
This principle is the same as that of a mother who beats a child is education, and a stepmother who beats a child is abuse.How to govern the counties and counties that merged into the Qin State every time can make King Qin very troubled, not to mention the country.
Don't mention anything else, let's just talk about the Eastern Zhou Kingdom and the Western Zhou Kingdom that just merged in.
The people of these two countries experienced serious dissatisfaction during the process of merging into Qin. The first point is that they could not accept Qin's thinking that "all people below the King of Qin are equal before the law."
If it is said who among the countries is the most superstitious about the theory of blood-born aristocrats, then there is no other country except Zhou.
This style of maintaining the dignity of the emperor even if he owes debts, and not losing etiquette no matter how embarrassing he is, has spread from the Zhou royal family to the common people.
Aristocrats are superior to others, born to be the holders of various privileges.In the state of Zhou, the law was for the nobles, but in the state of Qin, they are actually the same as ordinary common people?
Because there is no title, you can only wear ordinary linen, and you have to go to the fields to farm?There is still a limit to the number of wives and concubines?There is no way to buy a house with money?What a joke, it is unacceptable, absolutely unacceptable!
The aristocrats of the Zhou Kingdom, who had become accustomed to being domineering, scrambled to challenge the bottom line of Qin's laws.Although Qin State will give them a period of time to adapt to this area that has just been merged into Qin State, it cannot withstand repeated challenges.
When the Qin State really took action, these people would cry and ask other countries for help.Although no matter how noisy they are, it is useless in the eyes of other people, and they should do whatever they want, but it is indeed disturbing.
So when Xun Qing told him that his method might change the situation, Yiren agreed to try it without hesitation.
According to Xunzi, Confucianism is the most respected theory of the four eastern countries. If according to Xunqing's method, the legalist skin is covered with a golden coat of Confucianism, then those five eastern countries that claim to be civilized people will not be able to continue Straighten your back.
—Aren’t you civilized people?Don’t you all study Confucianism?The law is the lower limit of Confucianism, and none of you can reach it. How can you have the face to say that you are a country of etiquette?
No one can imagine how collapsed those countries will be by then.
However, in the process of re-editing, Xunzi regretted that his students were sent to Shu County.
Otherwise... "An'er is the best at this method."
If both of his students were there, it would save him a lot of energy. One with a black heart and the other with a black hand, it would take more time than an old man like him.
After repeatedly calling and pulling several students under his account, Xunzi rolled his eyes, picked out the two students who had the best knowledge of law, and then handed over the task to them.
These two people are Han Fei and Li Si who came here to study.
Soon, Lu An and Wei Liao, who were far away in Shu County, received letters from their juniors.
Li Si and Han Feiqi wrote to Lu An and Wei Liao to say - I can't get along with this senior/brother at all!
Judging from the signing time, the two of them may have sent the letters one after the other, but because of the poor traffic conditions in Shu County, they arrived at Lu An and Wei Liao at the same time.
...So this is a bit embarrassing. After Wei Liao and Lu An opened the letter and read it for a few times, their expressions were a little strange.
Of course, neither Li Si nor Han Fei directly scolded each other for being mentally ill in the letter. It would be too indecent to say that people are right and wrong behind their backs. They just stated very implicitly in the letter that I am not very good at communicating with such people That's all.
"Don't pay attention to them." Wei Liao stretched out his hand and pulled out the bamboo roll that Lu An was holding and threw it aside, then stuffed the person back into the bed.
This was Lu An's first winter after arriving in Shu County, but Lu Xiaoan, who had always been physically strong and could even jump around in the heavy snow in Xianyang, was now suffering from a cold in the warm and humid Chengdu.
Now he is lying listlessly on the couch to be taken care of by his senior brother.
"The two of them have been at odds for a long time." Lu An sighed a little after the letter was taken away, and he arched himself under the quilt, "It's not that I'm partial, it's just that Junior Brother Si has too many eyes .”
Both Li Si and Han Fei are older than him, but because of their relationship, they are both his juniors in the ranking of teachers.
Personally, Lu An preferred Han Fei, who had been in contact with him before.Although Li Si is really a very comfortable person, but Lu An's intuition will be farther away from him.
The reason is very simple, Li Si is not a pure person, in other words, he is a very purposeful person, and his purpose is to climb up.
Li Si never hid this point. He told Xun Qing when he was apprenticed to his teacher that the purpose of his study was to gain more power and wealth, so all the brothers and sisters knew it very well.
Li Si may not step down, but he will definitely push up.
Among Xun Qing's several students, Lu An is undoubtedly the one with the worst background but the highest achievement now and in the future, at least it seems so at present.
It is said that his background is low because the Lu family is a merchant family, and that his achievements are high because his father has made an excellent investment. iron.So not long after Li Sibai entered the teacher's school, he established a good relationship with Lu An.
Lu An doesn't think there is anything wrong with this kind of purposefulness, everyone has the right to choose how they live, but when getting along with such a smart and purposeful person, he will inevitably spend more energy Going to be vigilant, in this regard, is far less enjoyable than being with Han Fei.
The purpose of Han Fei's study is to build South Korea...well... Anyway, at least he is brave, and as a person who is habitually responsible for himself, Lu An appreciates Han Fei's responsible person. .
Lu An arched his head under the quilt, raised his reddened face and said to Wei Liao, "The two of them won't fight, will they?"
"Are you still in the mood to worry about this?" Just as he was talking, a person lifted the curtain and came in, just hearing his words, and snorted a little angrily, "I said Lu Xiaoan, you still think about how you should get along with your father. Mom, explain how you got sick from freezing to save a tiger cub from falling into the water!"
Lu An, Lu An shrunk his neck quietly, but he still couldn't help but burst into joy when he saw the two baby tigers arching around in the small basket beside the bed and whimpering from time to time.
The people who came in continued to chatter, "Tell me how you want to raise this tiger? They can eat a chicken now, and after half a year, they can eat a pig. After two or three years, they will have babies. I have to eat poor you!"
"Then, ahem," Lu An coughed twice, "Let's start with a pig farm."
Li Bing: "????"
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