What's on Jasmine's mind- My leader, my regiment follow-up

(One)

After the third battle, Zhang Lixian's army was transferred to the rear to rest, and we continued to walk around the Korean battlefield.

On a certain day in early January 1951, the prominent headline on the first page of the "People's Daily" read "North Korea and China Army Launches New Offensive, Liberate Seoul and Advance Southward!" ".

The news of the victory made the Chinese people ecstatic and rushed to tell each other.If we say that at the beginning of the Korean War, ordinary Chinese people still had some doubts about whether their army should go to fight in foreign countries and whether it was an opponent of the powerful American army. Now the three consecutive victories in two months, Especially the occupation of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, made the Chinese, who had been bullied by foreign powers in history, feel for the first time that their country and army were so powerful.As a result, pride and enthusiasm for national strength suddenly swept across the entire land of China.

On the streets of Beijing where the auspicious snow is falling during the New Year, workers, farmers, students, and women marched endlessly, and the heat wave of celebrations immediately spread to towns and villages across China.The Chinese people have spontaneously donated money and goods to condolences to the volunteers, and condolence letters written by groups from all walks of life and young people are flying thousands of miles away to North Korea.

When the domestic newspapers reached the front line of North Korea, we saw those reports and felt faintly uneasy in our hearts.Some people in the country only know that the Volunteer Army has won battles, but they don't know the price and difficulty of these victories.In the battle against the United Nations with modern weapons and equipment, the only advantage of the Chinese army in winning is that it is not afraid of sacrifice time and time again.

Although we have won the first three battles and even pushed the United Nations Army back to the [-]th parallel, in addition to our inferior equipment, another fatal weakness has also been exposed.That is the weak logistical support capability of our army, so that each of our attacks can only last for seven days at most.Due to difficulties in the delivery of ammunition and food, each of our campaigns lasted only seven days, and we had to retreat.And this law has been mastered by General Li Qiwei, the commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army.Ridgway called this phenomenon the Chinese army's "Saturday Offensive".

In fact, this is also the most fundamental reason why the Chinese army did not continue to expand its achievements after occupying Seoul: the Chinese army does not yet have the ability to attack continuously.

Facts have proved that the truly brutal war is yet to come.

In mid-to-late January 1951, due to the needs of international political struggles, the Volunteer Army's fourth campaign barely started.By April, the fourth campaign was over.The Chinese army retreated while fighting and blocking, and retreated to the north of the current 1th parallel, and passed the most difficult period in mobile defense.The officers and soldiers of the Volunteer Army stubbornly delayed the attack of the U.S. Army under the cover of modern lethal weapons on an unprecedented scale with their flesh and blood, so that the U.S. Army's northward march could only advance [-] kilometers at an average cost of hundreds of people every day.However, the Chinese army also learned a lot in the fourth battle. Simply put, it is to realize that the Korean War is a long-term hard war, and the idea of ​​"quick victory" is terrible and harmful; In front of it, it is difficult for the Chinese army to hold on to the defense, and it is necessary to carry out active mobile defense.

However, there is no force that can prevent the Chinese from showing their unique national character tenaciously.Never stop without a contest to the end, and never admit defeat.Later, it took the Americans three full years on the Korean Peninsula in the Far East to figure this out.

(two)

The fifth campaign of the Chinese People's Volunteers started on April 1951, 4 and ended on June 22 of the same year.In this battle, the Chinese army invested a total of 6 armies. The battle lasted for 10 days and severely damaged more than 8 enemies.However, this was a fierce battle, and the Chinese army paid a huge price for it, with more than 5000 people lost in the battle.Especially in the later retreat, the casualties reached 6000.

The final outcome of the fifth campaign finally made the leaders of the new China realize that the war in Korea was fundamentally different from the civil war because of its different opponents.On the Korean battlefield, in the face of the three-dimensional combat advantages of the enemy's modern equipment in sea, land and air, the Chinese army overly optimistically estimated the superiority of its own ground forces and the enemy's lack of close combat and night combat capabilities, which made the war impossible to finish at the beginning. Conditions for the intended goal.Therefore, the grand battle plan of the Chinese army was not only a matter of imagination, but it also caused the Chinese army to suffer heavy losses on the battlefield.It pains us that the recognition of this mistake came not before but after the blood was paid.

In mid-June 1951, the warring parties in the Korean War confronted each other at Munsan, Gonangpo-ri, Samchuan-ri, Cheorwon, Kimhwa, and Yangkou.This is a front formed after five large-scale battles based on the strength of the two sides on the battlefield.And that's pretty much the line where North and South Korea started fighting when the Korean War broke out.

For the Americans, the war went on for a year, and in addition to the lives of 100 American youths, it cost them as much as [-] billion dollars.All of this is definitely putting the cart before the horse strategically for the United States, whose strategic focus is on Europe.The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff clearly believed that the Korean War was a bottomless pit, and there was no hope of victory for the United Nations Army.

In June 1951, as soon as the United Nations offensive to the north stopped, the Korean War suddenly seemed to have entered a dead end.As a result, a phenomenon naturally appeared along with the military and political process: Both sides seemed to have given up the idea of ​​achieving a complete victory in the Korean War militarily.Another form of war is produced, which is: negotiation.

From July 1951, 7, the Korean War armistice negotiations officially began.However, in order to maintain military superiority, the two sides continued to fight locally.The U.S. military used its utmost efforts to intensify the bombing of the supply lines behind the Chinese army, and even the intensity of its bombing exceeded any time period in World War II.The local battles were basically fought for the favorable terrain near Cheorwon north of the 10th parallel. Although it was short, it was intense, so that it reached the level of "a battle for every inch of land".The occupation of every small hill in this sensitive area will bring a new situation to the negotiations. The close connection between war and politics has been more vividly displayed after the start of negotiations in the Korean War.

The armistice negotiations for the Korean War went on for two full years.

In the past two years, there has been no large-scale mobile warfare involving large corps.

However, in the past two years, more than 200 million troops were densely deployed on the defense lines of both sides, building the longest, most complex, and strongest fortifications in the history of world wars.

The defense line of the United Nations Army is composed of well-deployed artillery positions, tank groups, and infantry. Several layers of positions make it as deep as [-] kilometers. Each layer of defense line has built permanent fortifications and trenches. The air force support plan has formed a three-dimensional defense network with powerful firepower.This line of defense is called "an insurmountable abyss of death".

On the defense line of the Chinese army, hundreds of thousands of officers and soldiers began to build the largest underground defense project in the world, and the total amount of earth and stone can dig several Suez Canals.From west to east along the confrontation line, hundreds of kilometers of defense lines, deep underground permanent tunnels and traffic trenches extend in all directions, and the hundreds of thousands of Chinese officers and soldiers at the front are living underground with complete facilities. Immediately destroy any attacking enemy.These Chinese officers and soldiers who are waiting underground are called "dragons living in closed caves".

At the same time, in the past two years, on the line of contact between the two sides, there have been battles between positions all the time.The vast majority of fights arise over the mere right of possession of a small hill, or the right of way of a winding path.This is a much harsher battle than the "friction war". A mountain bag that is no more than a few meters high often lasts for several weeks.One of the most typical battles between positions took place on a few hills near a small village called Shangganling. The density of troops invested by both sides, the amount of ammunition consumed, and the number of casualties among officers and soldiers were unprecedented. .

(three)

The Battle of Shangganling was later made into several black-and-white films in China, such as "Heroes and Daughters" and "Shangganling", which were widely broadcast in urban and rural areas of China.Anyone who lived in that era is very familiar with the content of these movies.But how many Chinese people can understand the real battle of Shangganling?

Shangganling is a small village with only a dozen households at the southern foot of the Five Sacred Mountains in central North Korea. After a fierce battle that began on October 1952, 10, it became famous all over the world.The two warring parties successively mobilized more than 14 troops and fought repeatedly for more than 190 days. The scale of the battle has developed from the combat level to the campaign level, and its intensity is rarely seen in the history of war. The artillery and aviation forces of the "United Nations Army" fired more than 4 million shells and dropped more than 1 bombs on the two hills, loosening the soil and rocks on the two highlands with a total area of ​​less than 2 square kilometers by 900-40 meters.The Volunteers successively repelled more than 20 enemy attacks. The "United Nations Army" suffered more than [-] casualties, with a casualty rate of over [-]%, while the Volunteer Army suffered over [-] casualties, with a casualty rate of over [-]%.Scenes of blood and flesh flying everywhere were commonplace in the Battle of Shangganling.

During that period of time, we almost witnessed the occurrence and development of the entire battle, and we were most impressed by the unsung heroes among the volunteers who died on one of the unnamed highlands.Since they did not leave their names, their deeds were not made into films, not written into newsletters, or even recorded in war history.But the battle that actually happened will never be forgotten by the survivors and us who witnessed their feats on the battlefield.

This day is October 1952, 10, the second anniversary of the "Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea".This day is also a time division point in the battle of Shangganling. On the two high grounds originally occupied by the Chinese army, all the ground positions have been taken by the US army, but in the tunnels dug by the Chinese below the positions, there are still a small number of soldiers. Volunteers stood firm in the tunnel.The brutal battle for the tunnel has begun.

The current form of the battlefield is in favor of the US military. They have occupied the surface of the position and invested a large number of new troops.At this time, they withdrew the U.S. Seventh Division, and the South Korean Second Division took over the main attack task of the Americans.However, our army's strength is almost exhausted, and it is too late to mobilize supplementary troops, and the volunteers in the tunnel cannot get any supplement from the headquarters, and their communication and communication with the headquarters are all interrupted by the dense artillery fire network of the US military. .

We saw in the command post of a certain division of the Volunteer Army that the enemy's black heads were attacking under the cover of artillery fire.Suddenly, the opponent's second echelon was in chaos, and the battle suddenly started behind the enemy's back.While praising the soldiers for their good fight, the commander of the division asked who did it?But no one knows.

We hurried to this high ground to have a better look.It turned out that there was a surprise soldier who occupied a very strong fort left by the Americans, and broke out in the enemy's interior unexpectedly.Due to being caught off guard and the short distance, the enemy's second echelon suffered heavy casualties.The enemy's rear was copied, and the reinforcements did not continue. The front attack immediately lost its stamina, but our soldiers in the tunnel were able to persevere.

It can be compared like this, the United Nations Army opened its mouth wide, ready to swallow the volunteer positions in front, but unexpectedly a thorn got stuck in its throat.Now, not only can't swallow the fat in front of me, but it's also difficult to close the wide open mouth. I can only open my mouth and wait for others to knock my teeth little by little and pull out my tongue.

We saw from above this plateau that the enemy had assembled a company to attack the fort, with the intention of taking it in one fell swoop.In the smoke of gunpowder, three soldiers sneaked out of the fort, two detoured behind the enemy's rear, and one ambush in the shell crater in front of the fort.The enemy sent a squad to investigate the edge of the fort slowly, and found no movement. They thought that our army had been sacrificed, so they were overjoyed, straightened their waists, and swaggered towards the fort.Unexpectedly, three volunteer soldiers appeared in a triangular formation in an instant. The turntable machine gun in their hands swept across the company, and the enemies were all wiped out. The feeling can only be described in two words: really cool!

The enemy immediately sent another company in an attempt to attack continuously, but at this time, the artillery of the Volunteer Army showed its power, and the few artillery fires were used in the most critical places.Around this fortress, the artillery fired a wall of fire, and the continuous attack of the enemy failed.The excellent performance of the Volunteer Artillery Soldiers attracted the praise of the fat man.That's right, the Volunteer Army's shells are limited, so every shot was not wasted, and every shot hit the right position accurately and ruthlessly, giving the greatest support and help to the surprise soldiers ambushing in that unknown fortress.

At this moment, the division headquarters of the division and the headquarters of the various regiments in front and various positions are nervously confirming, but found that no one has sent a small unit to the enemy's rear...

That night, Milong muttered in a low voice: "That fortress seems to be Nantianmen, but it's a little smaller than the main fort of Nantianmen. But, look, Captain, they've fought their battles well, and that way of fighting is as good as We have a fight."

"Northeast guy, you're right. Back then, we were a drug that was poured into Takeuchi's stomach; now, this fortress has become a thorn stuck in the United Nations army. They can't pull it out, and they can't swallow it. .Haha!" Xiao He said.

"However, my concern is whether they can hold on. My greatest concern is whether there will be water in the fort." I said worriedly.

(four)

That night, the divisions and regiments sent messengers to communicate with the fortress, but the enemy's flares hit the forward position the same as during the day, and used artillery fire to create several blockades between the fortress and the volunteers' positions. All the correspondents sent were sacrificed.Therefore, this position was marked as "unnamed position".

The Americans have also realized that the first task is to remove the thorn in their throats.Otherwise, as soon as one's own troops are assembled, it is tantamount to being a target for others.

The next day, six planes covering a company of the enemy attacked.Six planes raged wildly, but this fortress was built by the Americans themselves, and it is very strong, and the indiscriminate bombing is useless.And in the gaps of the artillery fire, we can see that there are only five volunteer soldiers flashing, fighting against an enemy that is a hundred times their size.

The artillery support of the Volunteer Army was not idle, and a wall of fire was built around the fortress, and the enemy troops were still severely killed by the steel rain.The density of artillery fire was so high that one shell actually hit an American plane.The howitzer that could smash the tank and paralyze it fell on the plane. You can imagine what a spectacular sight it is.

The gunfire continued for the next day until, on October 10, the gunfire in the fort finally stopped.The five soldiers on the unnamed position fought alone for four days and four nights.These four days are very important to the Chinese army on Shangganling, they finally got the supplementary sources of soldiers and supplies.

On the evening of October 10, a company of a certain regiment of the Volunteer Army sent two squads of troops to the unnamed position, and we followed.

The first thing that appeared in front of us were the remains of the three martyrs outside the fort.The body of a martyr is well preserved, lying in a duck down sleeping bag left by the US military. It should be that he died earlier and was placed in the sleeping bag by his comrades in arms; He was torn to shreds by the artillery fire, and the bullet had already pierced his hands, and he still had a gun in his hand; the body of the third martyr was a little farther away, surrounded by piles of enemy corpses, with grenade coils on his fingers.

Walking to the gate of the fort, the body of the fourth martyr was at the gate, bruised but not fatally wounded, holding a blasting canister in his arms; we hoped that there would be another survivor, but we saw the fifth man kneeling On the edge of the firing hole, the eyes are wide open, and the finger is still on the trigger of the machine gun.When I got closer, I realized that the martyr had also died.

After looking around, I found that this is a battalion-level command post of the US military, and there is no sign of the enemy coming in.In other words, after the five martyrs died, the United Nations Army did not dare to enter this fortress to take a look.Around the fort, there are still more than 20 enemy corpses that have not been transported down.The two martyrs inside the fort were not fatally injured, and they probably died of thirst.

This unnamed position has no contact with the rear. These five volunteers have been fighting with the American equipment left in the fort these days, and the United Nations troops killed and injured in front of them are more than a hundred times.

Due to the large number of troops on Shangganling, great changes, and heavy casualties, these five martyrs did not leave their names and troop numbers. How they entered this fortress and what their identities are have become eternal mysteries.We only know that they fought very beautifully, and almost all battles were well fought, and their military quality is extremely good.Among them, there is another person who wrote a note, and left this sentence on the note that was not completely destroyed by the artillery fire: "We eat American biscuits, use American guns, shoot American bullets, and destroy American wolves." .”

But what impressed us the most was this sentence, which was deeply engraved by the martyrs on the stone wall on one side of the fortress:

Chinese here

……

(Fives)

The Battle of Shangganling finally ended in early December 1952, two full years after we left Zenda.I discussed it with my brothers, and we decided to leave for China.

On the way to the south, we passed by Beiping, and I decided to take a detour to take a look at what is now the capital of new China, Beijing.

Many years ago, when this city was still called "Peking", I came here and lived here for a while.The rich flavor of life of the "Royal City Roots" left the deepest impression on me.Now, we have come to the renovated Tiananmen Square and witnessed the solemn flag-raising ceremony in the morning light.Today's Beijing has given me another impression. The atmosphere of the imperial city is still there, but the difference is that it adds a sense of responsibility and pride as a Chinese.Recalling the exciting or tragic war scenes seen on the Korean battlefield, how can it not make people feel a lot of emotion and feel ups and downs.

On the □□ square, there is the "Monument to the People's Heroes" under construction.The foundation of this monument was laid on the day before the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China on September 1949, 9, and it has not yet been completed. I took our cannon fodder group to watch quietly beside this project.

"What kind of thing is this made?" Milong asked in a low voice.

"This looks like a stele!" Chief Ayi replied hesitantly.

I ignored the mutterings of the two old cannon fodders beside me. I thought of the countless battlefields I had experienced, the countless brothers who fell beside me, and the countless unsung heroes who died silently without leaving their names.

"In the past, I once said that those who died fighting for the country should be enshrined in temples. What is being built now is a temple. It is a very tall temple, and many, many heroes are enshrined in it. Most of the heroes They all did not leave their names. I think, among them, we are also included." I said slowly.

"Brother Milong, there is also my place here??" Douban made a sound in surprise.The old cannon fodder all looked at me with surprised and excited expressions.

"Yes, including us." I said to them with certainty, the expressions of the cannon fodder had never been so solemn.

……

Monument to the People's Heroes:

In the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the People's War of Liberation and the People's Revolution will be immortal!

For 30 years, the people's heroes who died in the People's War of Liberation and the People's Revolution are immortal!

It goes back to 840, and since then, in order to fight against internal and external enemies, and strive for national independence and people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in the previous struggles are immortal!

……