Great Song

These days, Han Xia is simply miserable.The elder brother did what he said, and he really invited a boy to tutor him.He was obviously a child three or four years younger than him, but he carried a one-foot-high lesson plan and said that he would teach him "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" from scratch.

Where has Han Ya seen this before?However, no matter how young he is, this Daotong is also Ling Xiaozi's high-achieving apprentice, and he studied under the Ph.D.For the upcoming math test, Han Xia had no choice but to be patient and obediently listen to others.Unexpectedly, what this Taoist taught is quite different from what he learned in the past. Not only are there novel codes, but also weird calculation formulas and complex images.

After going through this for a few times, Han Xia couldn't hold back anymore, and secretly said to the little Taoist boy, "Mingyue, the teaching in Taixue is quite different from yours. If the exam is real, it may affect the grades. Do you still do it as it is?" Teach better?"

There was a big birthmark on that face, and the cheerful Xiaodaotong shook his head all day long: "Your Majesty, don't worry, what I teach is all taught by my mentor. Not only do you teach this in the righteous school, but even the newly recruited juniors are all from me. Teach on behalf of the teacher. If you think the problem is too difficult and you can’t figure it out, you probably haven’t mastered it thoroughly. I’ll give you two more sets of problems to practice on.”

Han Xia: "..."

Or do you buy chickens, sheep, and cows for dozens of pens, and how much do you buy?Or the two started to walk from the two ends of the village with nothing to do, and the speed was not the same. When will they meet?And those odd-shaped fields that are neither square nor round, do you have to calculate the area?He originally thought that the questions in "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" were difficult enough, but who would have thought that this boy could come up with more tricky ones!He's just taking an exam, not going to be a planner, it doesn't have to be like that, right?

However, no matter how bitter he felt, it was a matter of official career after all, so Han Xia could only grit his teeth and learn.Problems such as decay and surplus are difficult for him, but if he thinks about it, he can always figure out the solution.Shaoguang and Shanggong’s problems of finding volume, area, finding the square, and finding the cube almost made Han Xia’s hair turn gray.

Looking at the increasingly grotesque patterns on the whiteboard, as well as the lines that aid in calculations, Han Xia's eyes froze, and he only thought about giving up on being an academician.With his knowledge, it's not impossible to take the Ministry of Rites exam, so why bother with the math?

Just when Han Xia wondered if he had chosen the wrong path, Zhen Qiong, who hadn't seen him for a long time, found him and said cheerfully: "Erlang, I heard people say that Taixue is also going to implement arithmetic formulas and simple numbers, and you are one step ahead of others." ah!"

Han Xia: "???"

It's not enough for him to learn such a tormenting thing, but he also uses it to torture his classmates?If you learn all of these, will the exam questions become more difficult?It is not easy for him to keep up with Mingyue's progress now. If the lecturers of Taixue become like this, can he survive until next spring's exam?

Her face turned blue, and she was stunned for a long while before Han Xia managed to recover her voice: "Thank you brother for reminding me, I will try my best to learn..."

Zhen Qiong didn't realize that something was wrong at all, and handed out the things in her hand with a look of color on her face: "This is an exercise I asked Brother Cunzhong. He has participated in the improvement of mathematics, and these are the key points. As long as you can learn it, The exam must be easy!"

A four-finger-thick booklet was slapped on Han Xia's hand, making his arms go limp.Looking at the dense catalog above, his eyes were red, his lips trembled slightly, and he looked like weeping.

Zhen Qiong could see that this was not the case, so she hurriedly patted him on the shoulder, and comforted him: "We are all a family, so you don't need to be polite to me. Take it and learn it. If it's not enough, I'll get you a new one!"

Han Xia: "...QAQ"

■

"Renovate the teaching method of arithmetic?" Looking at the memorial Shen Kuo handed over, Wang Anshi frowned.

Although the Department of Mathematics is opened in Taixue, it is also planned to add a few Ph. Ds in Mathematics to select talents from the Imperial Academy and fill them into the Division of Regulations of the Third Division.But Wang Anshi didn't expect that he was just teaching arithmetic, so why did he have to revise "Nine Chapters on Arithmetic"?

"In the past, "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" only had expositions, few illustrations and calculation formulas, which were too difficult for students. If you use this simpler code, and use calculation formulas and images to describe the topic, you can not only summarize more simple and easy-to-learn The method can also make people quickly lay the foundation. There are not many people who are proficient in counting in the court. Even if it is only taught in the Imperial Academy and Taixue, it will be of great benefit. When the number of people who know this method increases, it will be learned in the world. Spread the word, the imperial court will definitely harvest a large number of usable planners!" Shen Kuo replied methodically, apparently quite concerned about this matter.

Are accountants important?Of course it is important, for warehousing, taxation, craftsmanship, and business, there must be clerks who are good at calculating, but such talents are too few after all, so important positions are easily taken over by families who make a living from this, thus filling their pockets.In some places, political affairs are not clear. In addition to the mediocrity of officials, it is largely the result of uneven officials who deceive the top and the bottom.If the accounting officials can also be appointed from the central government, they will definitely be able to get twice the result with half the effort.

However, can it be realized only by revising "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic"?Wang Anshi flipped through a few more pages of the book in his hand, looking at those weird symbols and patterns, he was even more puzzled: "If you learn these, wouldn't it be a burden for nothing. It seems to be superfluous."

Even he can't understand these symbols, let alone those students who are too learned?It is of course good to be able to train planners, but he doesn't plan to even change the tutorials.

"Using this code to count is more convenient than the merchant's code. For example, accounting, you can see it clearly as long as you list it. If you use calculation formulas, the calculation process is also easier to check, and you can easily see any calculation errors. It seems that I have learned something more, but in fact it is used as a tool to master the method of calculation faster." Said, Shen Kuo took out another account book, "This is the account book that has been modified by using codes. Please also take a look."

Wang Anshi didn't expect that he even prepared this thing, but when he looked through it, his eyes widened immediately: "This bookkeeping method, is this new one made by you?"

"Exactly. There was a Ph.D. in mathematics who worked in the third department. When he mentioned the accounting, I thought of a way and improved it. If you use the new code to keep the accounts, the accounts are clear and easy to check. Then use The number of documents that should not be changed, and the general ledger that records the exchange of money can also avoid the hidden danger of privately changing accounts." Shen Kuo explained with a smile.

Now the "four-pillar account method" is prevailing in the world, which is to record the balance of the previous period as "old management", record the income of the current period as "new income", record the expenditure of the current period as "expulsion", and record the balance of the current period as "expulsion". "really".Balance the accounts through the accounting method of "old management" plus "new income" equals "expulsion" plus "real".In this way, it can not only ensure the correctness of the numbers, but also classify and summarize them, making it clear at a glance.

However, Shen Kuo's new account is somewhat different from the "four-pillar method". All current accounts, such as credit purchases, credit sales, foreign arrears, and foreign loans, are recorded in two accounts, which are listed as "outgoing" and "incoming".These daily records all use the new code, and the accounts are reconciled daily, so that the total of incoming accounts is equal to the total of outgoing accounts.On this basis, use the "four-pillar method" to record the balance, and compare the two, so that you can see mistakes and omissions at a glance, and it is even more difficult to falsify.

And this novel bookkeeping method immediately attracted Wang Anshi's attention.The third department is in charge of the world's money and food, and there are countless accounts. Every time the accounts are checked, it is a headache.Wang Anshi not only wanted to be in charge of the Department of Regulations, but also wanted to be in charge of national wealth.In his opinion, it is necessary to establish a third division accounting department on the basis of the third division.And this requires a large number of available officials and a more intuitive accounting method.

Now this method is in front of him.This new code is clearer than the grass code used by ordinary merchants, no matter how big the number is, it can be expressed clearly with a few strokes.Coupled with the traditional numbers used in official documents, the accounts are clear at a glance, and even he can see the benefits.

And to use this method to keep accounts, it is necessary to retrain the accountants so that the accountants know how to use this new code.

Wang Anshi didn't really pay much attention to how to teach arithmetic.But he couldn't help but care about the bookkeeping method.After thinking for a while, he finally nodded: "This new type of code is indeed useful. You might as well let a doctor of mathematics teach the three accountants so that they can learn this new type of bookkeeping. If it works, then let the Imperial Academy compile the " Nine Chapters on Arithmetic."

Although it was not an immediate reform of the education method, Shen Kuo was quite satisfied with the result.When the counting officials in the imperial court are used to the new code, are you afraid that the calculation formula will not be popularized?After all, Taixue needs to be taught by people, and it must be taught by the doctors and lecturers in the imperial court first.

This matter cannot be handed over to Shen Kuo, and there must be a special person in charge.Moreover, "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" has been revised, so don't you need to move other arithmetic classics?If you want to reform the system, it must be a big project.Wang Anshi immediately drafted a memorial and prepared to submit it to the emperor.

Of course, for Wang Anshi's ultimate goal, counting is only a side issue, and the key is to reform poetry and prose into policy theory.There has been a lot of arguing about this matter these days, especially Su Shi, a brat who is outspoken and sharp in words.Originally, Wang Anshi planned to let him invigilate this year's solution test, but now that he thinks about it, don't make trouble for himself.This person has a close relationship with Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang, and it seems that he is against the new law, and the emperor loves his talent very much.If he is allowed to go to the book for impeachment at every turn, maybe even the emperor will be moved by his eloquence, which will cause waves in the implementation of the new law.

Since he is keen on boasting, he must find some trivial matters for him and let him know how difficult it is to do things!

After a little thought, Wang An's Shimo pen hooked the post of Tuiguan in Kaifeng Mansion.Kaifeng Mansion is the most troublesome place in Beijing. If you take office, you will inevitably be involved in affairs, so how can you have the energy to interfere in the government affairs?And it is always better to be pragmatic than to be unrealistic. After getting in touch with the messy files and complicated and trivial matters, this talented man with a brilliant literary talent will be able to see the suffering of the people and understand the benefits of the new law, right?

The author has something to say: the word cubic is the original text in Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, and there is also a calculation method, uh, I don’t understand orz

Bookkeeping is the difference between a four-post account and a four-leg account. The four-leg account is equivalent to the double-entry bookkeeping method, which was only popular in the Qing Dynasty.

Grass codes are the numbers used by ancient merchants to keep accounts. It is written as 〡﹑〢﹑〣﹑〤﹑〥﹑亠﹑〧﹑〨﹑〩. Although it is simple, it is not as intuitive as Arabic numerals.