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Ancient Greek mythology is all oral or written myths about the gods, heroes, nature and cosmic history of the ancient Greeks.Ancient Greek mythology is the spiritual product of the primitive clan society, and it is also the earliest literary form in the Western world. It was produced between the [-]th century BC and the [-]th century BC. Finally, Zeus's victorious struggle, the love and quarrels of the gods, the adventures and power of the gods affect the mortal world, including the relationship with natural phenomena such as storms or seasons, places of worship and rituals.

The beauty and eloquence of ancient Greek mythology are world-renowned.Ancient Greece is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. During its survival and development, the ancient Greeks created a splendid and colorful culture and passed down a rich heritage. Myths and legends are one of them.

The ancient Greek mythology has a long history, and it is the product of the ancient human beings in the period of low productivity development to conquer the natural force with the help of imagination.Therefore, ancient Greek mythology must include the stories of gods and the relationship and conflict between humans and gods, that is, the two aspects of heroes and legends.The stories of gods more clearly reflect the rich imagination of ancient humans to visualize powerful natural phenomena, involving the origin of the universe and human beings, the generation of gods and their genealogy, etc.Legends of heroes originated from the worship of ancestors, mainly the worship and idealization of legendary figures and related events that may have some kind of history, reflecting the survival activities of ancient humans and the tenacious struggle against nature.The protagonists in such legends are mostly descendants of gods and humans, half-gods and half-human heroes.Their physical strength and heroism embody the heroic spirit and tenacious will of human beings to conquer nature, and they have become the embodiment of the collective strength and wisdom of the ancient people.

The formation of ancient Greek myths and stories is very early, and it is the crystallization of the collective creation of generations of Greeks in ancient times.Myths were first passed on orally, and later found in written texts.Its earliest handed down written documents should be the epic poems of Homer.In addition to the main story, the epic also mentions many other mythological stories, and those stories were obviously widely circulated at that time.Shortly after Homer, there was a long poem "Theogony" written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod, which briefly described many mythological stories and tried to genealogy those stories.The themes of ancient Greek tragedies are basically based on mythology, which is the dramatic embodiment of the writer's realistic understanding of those mythological stories.Scholars in Alexandria during the Hellenistic period after the third century BC made great contributions to the collection and preservation of ancient Greek mythology in the collection and annotation of classical works. Some poets, under the guidance of the principle of learning, discovered There are many little-known myths and allusions.Most of Greek myths or legends come from ancient Greek literature, except for classic works such as "Homer's Epic", "Theogony", "Work and Days", "Iliad", "Odyssey" and "Metamorphosis". And the plays of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.The most famous stories in Greek myths and legends are the Trojan War, the travels of Odysseus, Jason's search for the Golden Fleece, the exploits of Hercules, the adventures of Theseus and the tragedy of Oedipus.

The ancient Greek nation underwent several changes during its development.Their mythological concepts are also constantly changing in this change.The basic feature of this change is from the worship of nature to the worship of human nature.The basic feature of the Greek mythology that people are familiar with in this period is that people create gods in their own images. Gods not only have human body beauty, but also human emotions, understand emotions, have good and evil, have strategies, and participate in human activities. , endowing God with human form and humanity.Even people's social relations.The gods in Greek mythology have distinct personalities, without elements of asceticism, and seldom have mysticism.The basic difference between gods and humans is that gods are powerful, live forever, live a leisurely and happy life, change shape at will, and each has special abilities and great power.Their likes and dislikes play a decisive role in the life, death, misfortune and good fortune of humans in the lower world; human beings are weak, their lives are limited, they suffer from birth, old age, sickness and death, and their survival is difficult.The ancient Greeks worshiped gods, but at the same time praised people for their bravery and enterprising spirit.The ancient Greeks criticized the weaknesses of pride, cruelty, vanity, greed, violence, stubbornness, etc., and believed that it was these weaknesses that often caused tragedies in life.The ancient Greeks worshiped the gods, but they did not endow the gods with excessive nobility, nor did they regard the gods as the standard of morality, but regarded them as the reflection of life.

Greek Mythology and the Zodiac

Constellation Legend--Aries

King Atamas of Tyrania married Princess Nepera, and they gave birth to twins, but the king had an affair with Princess Tebe Inova, who kicked Princess Nepera out of the palace and greeted her Nova is the new concubine.When Princess Inova had her own child, she decided to kill the only twins left by the former Princess Nepera (the elder brother is Prix and the younger sister is Herley).She bought a fortune teller and sued the king: If the child born to the former princess is not given to Zeus as a sacrifice, the gods will be furious, and there will be famine this year.When Nepera knew it, she asked Zeus for help, so Zeus sent the two brothers and sisters to the sky on a golden ram.Because the speed was too fast, the younger sister fell into the sea, and the Aries looked back at the younger sister while guarding the elder brother, forming the current Aries.

Constellation Legend - Taurus

Through the Benas River in Harmonia, Greece, King Benas has a beautiful princess Europa.One day, the princess and her maids went to the wild to pick flowers and play, and suddenly a snow-white cow appeared, looking at Europa with gentle eyes. In fact, this cow was transformed by Zeus who admired the beauty of the princess.The princess was indeed taken aback at first, but she still walked to the docile cow and stroked it gently.Because the bull looked very well-behaved and docile, the princess climbed on the bull's back to try riding without worry. Suddenly the bull started to run, and finally jumped into the Aegean Sea.The princess hugged the cow tightly, and all the creatures in the sea came out to salute Zeus. The princess finally knew that the cow was the incarnation of Zeus. After arriving in Crete, she married Zeus. Zeus and Princess Europa lived a happy life in the form of a cow.

Constellation Legend--Gemini

Zeus, who was infatuated with beautiful Leda princess of Sparta, turned himself into a swan to get close to her. They gave birth to a pair of twins - Casto (son of man and son of Pollacks).Both of them are brave and adventurous warriors, and they often made great achievements together.The duo also have twin cousins ​​- Idas and Links.One day, the four were going to catch cattle. When they caught a lot of cattle and were about to share them equally, the greedy Idas and Links took all the cattle back when Pollacks and Castor brothers were not prepared.The enraged twins quarreled, and Idas stabbed Casto to death with an arrow.Pollacks was so sad that he wanted to go to heaven with Castor, but he couldn't because he had eternal life.His grief moved Zeus, and he set up a constellation for the two of them, living in the kingdom of heaven and the kingdom of death respectively.

Constellation Legend--Cancer

Zeus and the human girl Alcmene gave birth to a son Hercules, and Higlas later married the princess of Derbe, gave birth to a child and lived a happy life.Because of the spell of Hera, the queen of Zeus, Hercules killed his wife with his own hands and was about to commit suicide. In order to make him atone for his sins, Zeus appointed him as the king of Yeristes. He must go through ten adventures, the second of which is Subdue the Hydra, the monster that lives in the swamp.Hydra is a giant snake with only nine heads, eight of which cannot be killed. It hides in a cave near the swamp. Hercules throws a torch on it, and the enraged Hydra attacks with poisonous gas. The giant crab went to bite Hercules' foot, but the giant crab was crushed and Hydra was subdued.Hera set up Cancer in the sky because of its death.

Constellation Legend - Leo

Hercules, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, was appointed king of Yeristes, and he was to perform ten difficult tasks. The first task was to subdue the undead man-eating lion in the Neme Valley. It only eats livestock and villagers, and everyone fears it. Someone came to subdue it before, but no survivors were seen.Higlas, who came to Neme Valley, also lost his way for many days before he found the lion's trail.Hercules wanted to shoot arrows, but the lion's skin was too hard to attack.The sword was also bent when he cut it with a sword, so he made a thick stick out of an olive tree and hit the lion's head with force. At this time, the lion who was not afraid of the bow and sword was also afraid of the angry Heracles, and Heracles tied his neck. He was finally repelled.In order to commemorate the lion, the goddess Hera established the constellation Leo in the sky.

Constellation Legend--Virgo

The goddess of agriculture, Demeter, and Zeus had a daughter named Persephone. One day, when Persephone was picking flowers in the field, a beautiful flower that she had never seen before was in full bloom. Just as she reached out to pick it, The ground suddenly split into several pieces and fell down.Mother Demeter vowed to find her missing daughter and searched everywhere.The sun god Helios, who saw everything that happened, told Demeter that Hades, the king of the underworld, wanted to marry Persephone and took her back to the ground. Withered, the earth is barren.Seeing the seriousness of the situation, Zeus interceded with Hades, but Hades gave Persephone a pomegranate from the underworld when she was about to leave. Persephone ate four pomegranates happily because she could leave, but was forced There are four months in a year to stay in the underworld, and these four months become the winter when everything is not suitable for farming. Once Persephone comes to the world, it is spring, and Persephone is the incarnation of Virgo.

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