[Comprehensive History] Clothes are all over the world

In later generations, the Principality of Moscow had a very apt nickname, the Fighting Nation, because of its tough style of men and women and its love of raising pets.

But in the fourteenth century, the title of fighting nation belonged to Ming. If Ming declined, no other nation could line up behind.

The so-called fighting nation of later generations is now just someone else's younger brother, and this "other" is the cousin of the Northern Yuan Dynasty... the Golden Horde Khanate who was beaten to the ground by the Ming army.

A century ago, Temujin and his Mongolian cavalry marched westward and created the largest territorial empire in history-the Mongol Empire.In order to keep this huge foundation, Temujin fought all the way to enfeoff his sons during his westward journey. In this way, there were four major Khanates.

——The fiefdom of the eldest son Jochi, the Qincha Khanate, the fiefdom of the second son Chagatai, the fiefdom of the Ogodei Khanate, the fiefdom of the third son Ogodei, and the fiefdom of the Yili Khanate of the youngest son Tuolei.

After unifying most of the northern territories, the man known as Genghis Khan keenly discovered that according to the rules on the grassland, the heir to the throne favored by the tribe and the people was his eldest son Jochi, but Temujin believed that Jochi was He is short-sighted and does not have the qualifications to become a king. He has his eyes on the third son, Wo Kuotai. However, even he cannot challenge the Kuritai election system in the prairie.

There are two main inheritance systems in the Mongolian grasslands, one is the property inheritance system of "young son inherits the stove", and the other is the political inheritance system of "Kuritai Assembly".

Using this method of separation of property and power can not only select the leader who is most suitable for the Mongolian army to be brave and good at fighting, but also ensure that the blood can continue to be passed on.

Unfortunately, at that time, Wo Kuotai was neither a "young son" who could legally inherit his father's property, nor a "hero" who was brave and fearless and won the support of most tribes. Wo Kuotai was actually a political manager with a brain talents.

Therefore, Temujin's idea at the time was to engage in corruption in the electoral system, which was a political mistake, and the consequences were extremely serious. If something went wrong, there would be infighting.

The Mongolian grasslands were finally unified. Once there is internal fighting, it is very likely to split again. This is what Temujin never wants to see.

Therefore, he used a very clever trick - to attack the heart first. Before the Western Expedition, he summoned many brothers and sons, pointed out that his successor was the third son Wo Kuotai, and then took the third son to make a wave of military exploits , and since then, he has brought Wo Kuotai by his side from time to time to give various hints.

It has to be said that his move was very effective. At the Kuritai Conference after his death, most of the Khanates stood on the side of Wo Kuotai, and the youngest son Tuo Lei, who legally inherited the property, was on the two sides of the "Jianguo". Years later, he had to surrender his authority due to the situation.

"After he came to the throne, Wo Kuotai really worked hard in the early days, measured his time and efforts, and did nothing wrong." Mr. Wang, who once compiled "Yuan History", stroked his beautiful beard, looked at him intentionally or unintentionally, and sat upright, but even The frustrated student whose hair was forced to work overtime said meaningfully, "But in his later years, he was addicted to wine and sex, coupled with the fact that he successively wiped out the biggest enemy, the Tuo Lei faction and the Golden Kingdom, he became increasingly indulgent and tyrannical, In the end, it gradually lost popular support.”

When he gave up the government, the power of the khanate under his brothers was expanding rapidly.

The eldest brother Shuchi died early, but his second son, Batu, was brave and good at fighting. After many expeditions to the west, he conquered a vast territory, from the Black Sea in the south, the Arctic Circle in the north, and Hungary in the west.With his efforts, the area of ​​the Golden Horde quickly became the largest of the four Khanates.

Before his death, Wo Kuotai decided to imitate his father and pass on the throne to his third son, Kuochu. Who knew that Kuochu was killed during the conquest of the Southern Song Dynasty, so Wo Kuotai designated Kuochu's eldest son, Bor Jijin, as the heir to the throne.

But after his death, the royal power was taken over by the queen. The queen was unwilling to pass on the throne to a grandson who was not related to her by blood, so she carried out some coquettish operations that could be written into gossip stories. After that, although she got her wish, she also It directly led to the split of the Wokuotai system.

The most important thing is that Guiyou, the eldest son of the queen, has been in charge of military affairs for a long time and has no ability to govern. Moreover, he has a very bad relationship with Batu, the new Khan of the Golden Horde, and finally died in the army who went to attack Batu. on the way.

"Because of his countless absurd actions before, the number of supporters of his family's forces has plummeted. The Tuolei family, which has been low-key before, has inherited the throne because of its leader Meng Ge's high reputation."

"But the good times didn't last long. Brother Meng died suddenly when he attacked Diaoyu City in Song Dynasty. Before he died, he could not designate an heir in the future, which directly led to civil strife in Mongolia." Mu Bai recorded the information one by one on paper, with a few words, But it is a family's love-hate relationship.

When the news of Mengge's death spread to the grasslands, his younger brother Aribuge, who guarded his hometown, immediately notified the descendants of Genghis Khan all over the Eurasian continent, asking them to come to the Kuritai Conference.

In the end, with the support of the other three Khanates, the youngest brother Alibu became the new legitimate king of the Mongol Empire, while Kublai Khan, with the support of Hanchen, took the place of Alibuge. He first ascended the throne in Kaiping.

Kublai Khan’s ascension to the throne was not justified, and it seriously violated the code of conduct and unspoken rules on the grassland. Therefore, in the Mongolian civil war, Ali Buge was defeated, and after Kublai Khan became king, the other three khanates were all publicized. Indicates separation from central government.

The once prosperous Mongol Empire suddenly fell apart. Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty with the Great Khan Empire he plundered and the lands of the Southern Song Dynasty captured by him. Although he got what he wanted, he also left a curse for future generations .

Due to historical problems, the succession system of the Yuan Dynasty was extremely chaotic. In the 98th year of the Yuan Dynasty, there were 11 emperors in rotation. In the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor was basically changed every six years.

Under such circumstances, the situation in the Yuan Dynasty was really turbulent. The other dynasties changed their decrees from day to day. In the Yuan Dynasty, the emperor changed one before the decree reached the place.

Therefore, in the end of the Yuan Dynasty, they were all unable to suppress the forces of the three major khanates, and the three major khanates were also affected by the style of the Yuan court, and began to split and fight among themselves.

Lomonlossov's motherland, the Principality of Moscow, rose by taking advantage of the opportunity of this group of enemies to beat themselves up.

The Principality of Moscow is a small force split from the vassal state of the Golden Horde. It first developed by helping the Golden Horde to collect taxes and tribute from all parties. Later, as the Golden Horde gradually lost popular support, The Principality of Moscow decides to become independent.

In the 13th year of Hongwu, the new king of Moscow, Dmitry, led the army to a decisive battle with the Mongols in Kulikovo.In this battle, the Principality of Moscow gathered an army of 15 to fight against the 20 army of the Golden Horde, and the Principality of Moscow won miserably.

Dmitry, who personally broke the myth of the Mongolian army's invincibility, was called a hero by the locals. Because of this battle, the Principality of Moscow also became famous locally and became a living banner against the Mongolian army.

After this battle, the image of the Principality of Moscow in the hearts of the Russians became more and more brilliant, and the appeal of the Principality of Moscow was greatly improved, which laid the foundation for the unification of Russia in the future.The Grand Duchy of Moscow gained temporary independence.

But the good times didn't last long, because the battle between Ming and Yuan was not like the replacement of other dynasties, which completely wiped out a power. At that time, the Yuan court was very fast, so it still retained its main combat power.

Although it is hard to say how much combat power these Mongolian cavalrymen, who were fattened by the fertile land in the south of the Yangtze River, still have, they are all masters of the prairie and direct heirs of the Golden Family.

Now that the Yuan government is in a hurry, their former prestige and deterrent power are still there, so it is only natural that these people return to the grassland, which naturally leads to a major reshuffle of the grassland forces.

However, as the Ming army pushed northward step by step, the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty had to go deep into the grasslands and spread westward. Simply put, if the Ming army could not win, they could only bully other weak ones.

As a result, the pressure was layered, and the final result was that the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which had just been independent for three years, became its vassal state again because it was invaded by the Golden Horde.

As the first Daming: Blame me?

Of course Lomonlossov didn't dare to say that. In fact, after being reconquered this time, the Grand Duchy of Moscow received a new task from above, asking them to dig mines everywhere. As long as they dug out coal mines, they could offset their taxes.

At first, the Grand Duke of Moscow thought it was a joke. The territory where their principality was located was frozen all year round, and the thick layer of ice was harder than rocks. It was impossible to break through the defenses with today's mining tools.

But the people of the Golden Horde brought a very miraculous tool. With the sound of an earthquake, the ice layer was cut open, and the frozen soil was splashed, exposing the brown coal mine underground.

After discovering that there was indeed coal in this place, the Principality of Moscow encountered unprecedented exploitation-to dig out the amount of coal mines that were required to be turned over, they needed most of the young and middle-aged to work day and night, and this day was really unbearable .

The people of the Muscovite Principality heard from merchants traveling east and west that the reason why the Golden Horde confiscated coal was to sell it to Daming at a high price, and the price was so high that the eyes of the Muscovites almost glowed green.

Therefore, the Grand Duke of Moscow sent an envoy to try to find the country named "Da Ming", thinking that if he could hug his thigh, he would immediately hug his thigh tightly, and if he couldn't, he would find a way to establish a trade relationship.

They have the coal that Ming wants, so why go through the Golden Horde?If you trade with them directly, there is no middleman to make the difference, and both parties can get benefits.As a vassal state of the Golden Horde, they can also help Daming to investigate the movements of the Northern Yuan forces. It is of great benefit to take them in!

"But this country is too far away from us." Mu Bai was also very excited about this country with low force value but rich mining industry, but when he unfolded the map, most of his passion was consumed immediately - from the Principality of Moscow to The distance between Yingtianfu and Yingtianfu in Ming Dynasty is three times that of Yunnan.Although it is said that the road is generally a plain area, it cannot conceal the fact that it will cross multiple forces.

The envoy took the commercial route this time. He pretended to be a merchant all the way through the Golden Horde and the Chahar Khanate, and entered Xi'an via Yilibali.Because he was robbed several times on the way, when he arrived in Xi'an, he had nothing to prove his identity. In addition, he was in a state of distress, and was finally "escorted" to Yingtian Mansion by Xi'an officials dubiously. It took him more than a year.

And because most of the time on the road was in winter, he also used dogs to pull the cart to reach Daming at such a fast speed.If it is changed to transporting coal, it will inevitably be replaced by heavy mules and horses. It may take two years to go away. With this time, you can come to other places several times. Why spend a lot of money and inefficiency to help the poor.

It is said that on this road, the young man from the Principality of Moscow brought 24 mature dogs from his hometown. Sixteen of them were lost due to exhaustion, disease, and hunting, and only eight dogs accompanied him safely. Xi'an.

Fortunately, he can ride a horse for the rest of the journey, and the eight big dogs no longer need to travel long distances. He has enough time to rest and fall in love, so he has one of his only two remaining tributes—now he is daily dismantling the house in the palace that puppy.

Incidentally, another piece of tribute was a lump of coal that he hid in his hat, which was used to show Da Ming the evidence of their mines.The severe cold and plunder along the way stripped him of his leather cloak completely. If it weren't for his strong willpower and sense of mission, this piece of coal would have already become their heating tool.

Looking at the expectant eyes of the other party, Mu Bai took the coal that You still had the warm temperature of the other party, and as soon as he squeezed it, he knew that it was the most common and cheapest inferior coal.

In fact, when he just heard this person talk about digging out a coal mine with a ground drill, he was mentally prepared.Although it is not 100%, as far as current exploration discoveries are concerned, the more high-quality coal mines, the deeper they are hidden, and the ones on the surface are basically inferior coals with more impurities and a lot of smoke when burned .

There are a lot of this kind of coal mines in Ming Dynasty itself. If you travel such a long distance to purchase, then it is not a business, but a charity.

But looking at this person's expectant eyes, and thinking about his hardships all the way, it seems a little too cruel to refuse directly, Mu Bai thought for a while, and asked the interpreter to translate: "Do you have a black liquid in there? It comes out of the ground, it can be burned, and it smells bad..."

As soon as the interpreter finished speaking, Lomon Losov nodded again and again, and he said innocently and simply: "Yes, there are many, we often dig wells there when we dig wells, we call them black water, it's annoying .”

…Sent people to explore all over the place but failed to drill another oil well, so that Mu Bai, who had a serious shortage of kerosene lamp production recently, suddenly fell into silence.

——Did he get flaunted by others?

The author has something to say: Mu Xiaobai: Damn it, I was flaunted!

Mu Xiaobai: I must show it off! !

Mu Xiaobai: Wait, I seem to have heard some great words just now. This person came to Daming...by a dog pulling a cart? (Looks to the pup, who is having a great time rubbing the memorial with his paws) A small light bulb flashed above his head.