[Comprehensive History] Clothes are all over the world

Yuantong Courtyard was built by Zhu Yuanzhang when he built Fengyang Zhongdu. The craftsmen are skilled and the materials are exquisite.

In addition, there are many classics in the local area, and the requirements for fire protection are extremely high, so no Buddha statues were invited, and naturally there would be no scent of incense and candles that are common in ordinary temples.

Mu Wen didn't bother to leave after two laps under the sun, he dragged Mu Bai to sit under the shade of a tree, and carefully helped his brother choose a place where there was no sun at all.

The former life of little black skin seems to have left an indelible impression on this kid, which made Mu Xiaowen pay great attention to sun protection.

He didn't pay attention to himself, but he still wanted to drag his elder brother.If it weren't for Mu Bai's persistent opposition, the children would probably be clamoring for umbrellas, and the burden of idols can be said to be very heavy.

The summer is hot, and I want to doze off after eating and drinking, but because Mu Bai said before that their image will be added by Mu Wen to the princess, Mu Wen has been very motivated to learn painting recently.At his younger brother's insistence, Mu Bai had no choice but to set up an easel to teach his younger brother how to copy.

"No matter what you draw, don't forget to draw shadows." Mu Bai was making a draft on the drawings, while passing on his experience to his younger brother.

Mu Wen looked at the lotus pond on the paper, then at the small pond outside the drawing paper, and asked doubtfully, "But now that the sun is so big, do you want to draw shadows?"

"Draw it at any time, it's more real. Sometimes the shadow is invisible, so just draw a little bit."

Mu Wen immediately tilted his head, and the [-] why mode immediately started: "Brother, no matter what time it is, the shadow will not disappear? But Wen'er, it seems that the lotus now has no shadow. Is it because the sun is too bright at this time?" When it gets too big, the shadow won’t dare to come out?”

In Muwen's understanding, the shadow is a black object extending from the bottom of a person's feet, but under the midday sun, there is no such black shadow around the lotus.

Mu Bai thought for a while, and pointed to the large shadow under his buttocks, "Look, just like this is the shadow of a big tree, the shadow of the lotus is also in the water now, so Wen'er can't see it."

"Oh~" Mu Wen nodded with a vague understanding, and then he wanted to go to the water's edge to observe the shadow of the lotus, but was stopped by Mu Bai.

Most of the pool water here is covered by lotus leaves and lotus leaves, and the depth cannot be seen for a while. In addition, the child's center of gravity is unstable and easily affected, and the underwater situation does not know what is going on. If you accidentally fall, it will be bad.

Mu Bai looked left and right, but couldn't find anything suitable, so he simply stood up and took two steps, and carried a stone lantern on the side of the path in the distance and put it in front of the two of them.

In Buddhist culture, it is a very sacred ceremony to offer fire to the Buddha. Therefore, in places related to Buddhism, the existence of [lamps] is indispensable.Due to the need for fire prevention and durability, the lamps in the courtyard here are mostly made of stone.

The stone is flame-retardant, even if the candle is dumped, it will not burn the seedlings and cause a fire.Of course, since the biggest natural enemies of flames burning outdoors are rain and strong winds, the shape of the stone lamps is also basically uniform.

In order to prevent the flame from extinguishing, there is a "small pavilion" on the top of the stone lamp to keep out the rain, and there are usually stone windows carved around it to disperse the wind and protect the flame.The most famous stone lantern in later generations is the "Three Pools Reflecting the Moon" in the West Lake. It can be used directly or pasted with paper on the side. The method of use is similar to that of a window frame.

This design allows the stone lamp to be lit on rainy days. When it is rainy, light an oil lamp and put it in the stone lamp. The dim light dances with the sound of rain hitting leaves, not to mention Zen.

...However, the stone lamp that was picked up by Mu Bai directly and moved forcibly may not have this feeling.

Mu Bai lowered the lamp to the sun, motioning his younger brother to observe the ground.

"Did Wen'er see the shadow on the ground? The sun is above the head now, so its shadow is directly below, and when Brother put it down like this...Look, is it just blocked by me? So it looks like there is nothing, but after a while the sun shifts, the shadow will become longer and longer, and it will come out when it can't be stopped."

Mu Wen was silent for a while, lowered his eyes and muttered: "Then Wen'er doesn't like shadows, why can't there be no shadows?"

"Why don't you like shadows?" Mu Bai asked in surprise.

"It's black." Mu Wen pursed his lips and said in a low voice, and while talking, he secretly looked at Mu Bai from the corner of his eyes.

As if he was afraid that his thoughts would cause dissatisfaction with his elder brother, the child added: "Just like the night, when the sky gets dark, there will be bad people."

In Muwen's only five years of life, the dark night brought him too many bad things, especially the night when the flames were soaring into the sky. The fear and sadness of that night was so impressive that he may not remember what happened that day. What, but I still remember that emotion, and the dark night that blessed everything.

All his unpleasant things happened in the night.

The death of the mother was, and so was being away from the father, and so was the bedwetting.In Muwen's little mind, the night is the accomplice of the big villain, and nothing good happens at night.

"Does Wen'er like daytime?" Mu Bai thought for a while, and led his younger brother to the shade of the tree again, "Daytime is not all good things, just like the sun now, you don't like it, do you?"

Mu Wen nodded, and pointed to his face: "The sun is too big, it will get tanned, and not only Wen'er doesn't like it, birds and insects don't like it either, and little flowers don't like it either." See, he He also found a natural ally for himself, and stepped on the night by the way.

"But Wen'er hates the night more than the day."

Following the direction of his younger brother's finger, Mu Bai swept his eyes over the birds resting in the shade of the trees, the insects, and the wilting flowers and plants under the scorching sun, and when he returned to his younger brother, his gaze was very gentle: "So, at this time , the existence of shadows is very necessary! You see, when you don’t want to bask in the sun, you can run to the shadows to hide, and so do many small animals.”

"Under the shadows is also a refuge area. If you can adapt to the outside, you can stick to it. If you can't adapt, you can come in to rest. Therefore, the birds and insects seem to be very energetic, and the little flower who can't hide in is now It's exhausting."

"...Well, it can do some good things, but Wen'er still doesn't like it. Besides, not all small animals like shadows, right? At least fish don't feel hot!" Mu Wen two The little feet stepped on alternately, and after thinking for a long time, they found a counterexample.

So, he was brought to the edge of the small pond, Mu Bai held his brother in his arms, and helped him push away the lotus leaves on the pond.As soon as the lotus leaf was removed, there was a commotion under the water, and the aquatic animals that had been hiding in the hidden place suddenly scattered.

Mu Bai pushed aside several lotus leaves in a row, and almost every movement he made was accompanied by some small underwater movements: "Look, there are also places where small animals like to hide under the water, and they hide here. Not to see them, but also to escape the heat."

Seeing this, Mu Wen opened his mouth wide: "They, are they also afraid of the sun? But they are in the water."

"Does Wen'er still remember how the water was boiled when we took a bath?" Mu Bai asked as he picked him up.

"Remember!" the child Nuonuo replied, "Take a big basin and put the water in the sun to dry."

"So, if the water is exposed to the sun for a long time, it will become hot." Mu Bai held his younger brother's waist, motioning him to reach out to touch the water, "Remember the current temperature of the water."

Mu Wen cautiously stretched out his hand, poked it in the pool and retracted it, and then his elder brother took him to an unsheltered water surface and let him touch the water: "What about here?"

"It's hot." Mu Wen shook his fingers, a little dazed, "Oops, brother, the water will really get hot, so the fish will be hot? Then what can we do to help them?"

"No need to do anything, just like birds and bugs, they will find the most suitable place by themselves, those who like to bask in the sun can go outside, those who don't like it can go under the lotus leaves, but if there is no shade, they have no choice " Mu Bai hugged his younger brother upside down, and kissed him, "Wen'er, we don't need to like it, but it has its meaning, so Wen'er, let's respect it together, shall we?"

"Little benefactor's words are very true." A voice suddenly came from behind the two brothers. When they turned their heads, they immediately met the eyes of a middle-aged monk with a kind face.

The eyes of the middle-aged monk swept across the faces of the two teenagers, and then fell on the collars of the two. His movements were very fast, as if he glanced casually, and would not make people feel uncomfortable.

"Excuse me, the poor monk saw this stone lamp suddenly moved to the middle of the road when he was passing by. He was afraid of accidents and came over to take a look. He happened to hear what the little benefactor said, and expressed his feelings. He didn't mean to disturb the two of you." The monk bowed. He was dressed in cassock and held a rosary, looking very polite.

Hearing this, Mu Bai turned his head and saw that the stone lamp that he had just moved had indeed been placed near the middle of the road from the side of the road. If someone passed by without paying attention, he might trip over. He hurriedly apologized and hugged the stone lamp Go back and put it down.Mu Xiaowen also cooperatively piled up the soil beside the stone lamp, trying to obliterate the evidence.

The two brothers cooperated tacitly, and it was clear at a glance that this was not the first time they had cooperated like this.The monk watched with a smile on his face, and then he bowed again when the two of them stood up again: "Amitabha, I just heard the words of the benefactor, and I have a question in my heart, and I hope the benefactor will give me some advice."

"Master, please tell me." Mu Bai also returned the Buddhist salute, but added with some distress, "It's just that I have no research on Buddhism, so I may not be able to help the master."

"This question has nothing to do with Buddha's gatha, but some obsessive thoughts of the little monk." The monk lowered his eyes and asked softly, "May I ask the benefactor, how do you view the relationship between light and shadow? Just as the little benefactor said just now, with In my humble opinion, shadows breed haze, and haze encourages crimes, which are inherently beneficial for warding off the summer heat, but overall they are sinful, and if we can shine bright light on Kyushu, it would be a good thing that there would be no more haze in the world.”

"...Your thoughts are very dangerous..." Mu Bai rubbed his nose, thinking that this monk always gave him an unserious feeling for some reason. It's the aura that a monk would have, but it's a bit like a...well, a sophomore in middle school?

If he hadn't met here, he would have wondered how this person's ultimatum was obtained.

But the other party's question is very interesting, Mu Bai tilted his head to think for a while, and said: "The master means that evil things are easy to happen in the dark, right? But in my opinion, evil does not distinguish between day and night, and evil in the sun There is never less crime than in the dark. It's just that the night easily obscures the eyes of bystanders, making the perpetrators feel that they have a chance to escape."

"It is not the night that is guilty, but the human heart. If the human heart has evil thoughts, then light and darkness are useless. The dark night is nothing but an opportunity for cowards. As for what you said about 'letting the world have no haze', this is really true. okay?"

"Please benefactor, enlighten me." The middle-aged monk bowed with a humble face.

"Let me give you an example." Mu Bai thought for a while and said, "You should know that Daming is conducting a population and land census these days, right?"

"The little monk knows."

"According to your thinking, the census of population and land should be regarded as an act of light, right? This move can help officials from all over the country clear up the number of people and the number of acres of land under their control. After sweeping away the previous confusion, Tibetan tax avoiders will have nowhere to hide Corrupt officials who use this as an excuse to intercept tax payments and fill their pockets will have no place to hide. If my prediction is correct, after the census, the revenue of the national treasury will double or even triple. Do you think this is a good thing?"

Monk and Mu Wen both nodded, expressing that they really thought it was a good thing.

"But the premise of all this is that it is His Majesty's current situation." Mu Bai hooked the corner of his mouth, "Your Majesty knows the hardships of the people, so he promised not to increase taxes to support the people. This investigation is the only way to regulate tax amounts and check corrupt officials. But if it is replaced by another emperor...for example, Qin Ershi, do you know what the result will be?"

Mu Wen opened his mouth and shook his head obediently.The monk lowered his eyes, and his attitude could not be seen from his expression.

"That means that all the family properties of the common people will be found out along with these account books. How much money you have this year and how much income you will have next year, the court knows better than you yourself."

"In this way, the taxation will become more and more personal based on these data, and finally it will be like a thin rope stuck around the neck, to the point where it is just enough to survive, and if it is an inch longer, it will be strangled to death." Mu Bai said meaningfully , "But is it difficult to tighten this rope by an inch?"

"A plague, a drought, or the simplest sudden illness will take away the last inch of breathing space." Mu Bai shook his head, "It's fine if these are natural disasters, but what about man-made disasters? A war, An inappropriate reform, or a low-level executive officer who does not understand enough, this inch will be easily stuck."

"Since the day of the king, there have never been many such oolong incidents. Let's not talk about it, let's talk about the dredging of the Yellow River in the Yuan Dynasty. Isn't its original purpose good?"

But what about the result?

Because of a group of greedy officials and brutal grassroots bureaucrats, a good deed directly became the trigger for the demise of a dynasty.

Is this just because of dredging the Yellow River once?

No, the cause of the demise of the former Yuan Dynasty was not just the dredging of the Yellow River. The people of the Yuan Dynasty at that time were driven to a dead end by repeated searches, exploitation, and persecution. They had no surplus food in their pockets and could no longer afford a little risk. .Even without the Yellow River incident, a heavy rain or a severe drought would lead to the same result.

Different from modern times, in the era of human and animal power as the main carrying capacity, the government's disaster relief speed can never be described as "timely".

Compared with the official disaster relief, the methods adopted by most people are self-rescue and mutual rescue.

The premise of self-help is to have surplus food on hand. Only with enough wealth on hand can there be more room for disaster avoidance. Even if the government encounters a foolish trick, it will not be trapped to death.

Let me give you a vivid example...that is, if modern young ladies have savings and earning skills, when they encounter brain-twitching leaders and scumbag husbands, they can have the confidence to say that their mothers quit.

If there is no money in hand and no ability to make a living, then her bones will not harden at all, and a few words from the boss or a few actions from her husband are enough to make her collapse and even compromise.

"So in my opinion, a shadow should be properly left on the affairs of the world, so that when policies and government changes, they can hide in the shadow like underwater fish to get buffer and adapt. Of course, the existence of the shadow itself must be under the control of the state." Mu Bai patted the stone lamp that had been placed, and added, "And you haven't noticed one thing, right? The light and shade of the shadow depends on the the brightness of the light."

"The brighter the light, the thicker the shadow, and the darker the light, the lighter the shadow. Light and shadow are originally accompanied."

Mu Wen suddenly showed a face of horror, looking at the shadow under the stone lamp, as if looking at a stalking class enemy.

The monk thought for a while and said: "The poor monk seems to understand the meaning of the benefactor, just dare to ask the benefactor, no matter whether the evil comes from the heart or the act of a coward, it is an indisputable fact that there is evil in the dark , how can the benefactor get rid of this problem?"

Mu Bai blinked, and suddenly smiled: "Monk, you shouldn't ask me this question. Have you forgotten? This is what you Buddhists have been working hard on."

"In my opinion, most of the problems can be solved by using the laws of the country to hold people's bottom line, and using Buddhism, Taoism and education to light a lamp in people's hearts so that they don't sink into darkness. What can be done is to try to light up lights in as many places as possible, use lights to illuminate more darkness, guide as many people as possible on the right path, and not give them the chance to go on the wrong path. "

Mu Bai tilted his head, thinking of the Fengyang workshop that was booming, and added: "Actually, I don't think about which is better, light or dark, children only make choices, I want to grasp both. In hand."

The middle-aged monk was silent for a moment, then suddenly smiled: "The poor monk has been taught."

Mubai also smiled.

Mu Wen looked left and then again, stretched out his hand and grabbed his brother's sleeve, and said softly: "Wen'er doesn't understand!"

"The meaning of the benefactor is that he will tolerate a little darkness in the light, and will also light a light in the darkness for those who have a bright heart to guide them forward. Light and darkness are the roots of each other, and they complement each other." The monk said He said a Buddha's name, "This is the Taoist theory of Liangyi. The donor is so young, but he has already penetrated so far. It is not as good as a poor monk."

Mu Bai also recited a Buddha's mantra: "Master, you are being polite, but I am speaking immaturely."

"It is a blessing in the world if the benefactor can think this way." The monk suddenly smiled, watching the two surprised young men respectfully performed the Buddhist ceremony, "Young master is a person with great luck, with the ability of the king, he will surely be able to Put the thoughts in your heart into practice in this world.”

Mu Bai was taken aback by what he said, and saw the mage straighten up, showing a solemn smile, and said sincerely: "The poor monk's name is Daoyan."

"The little monk originally came to find Master Laifu for enlightenment, but now he has a sense of enlightenment after hearing the words of the benefactor."

"My little monk has been looking for a predestined person for more than [-] years, and today I finally found it."

After finishing speaking, the monk took two steps forward and bowed deeply to Mu Bai: "Almsgiver, the poor monk is destined to be with you."

Mubai:? ? ? !

Wait, why did the topic suddenly change here? Is there something wrong?

The author has something to say: ah... this is the end of the writing, I am satisfied.

Lie flat

5500+3900=9400, in fact, this is not a double watch, but a triple watch

To explain, the meaning in Mu Xiaobai's text is not to give people the opportunity to do bad things, but to say that I allow the common people to hide a little money of their own, that is, "to hide wealth from the people"

This is very important!

There is not a concept between hiding wealth from the people and hiding wealth from capitalists. To put it bluntly, it is to let the people maintain a long-term ability to face and resist risks, and they can survive for several months in the face of natural and man-made disasters. It also gives the country better time to react.

The Ming Dynasty actually experienced two large-scale surveys of land and assets. One was Zhu Yuanzhang’s fish scale book. The taxes that should be collected, and the taxes in the early Ming Dynasty were really low, did not have much impact on the people.

The second survey was when Zhang Juzheng reformed the law. This reform also increased the country's huge income. The most wonderful thing about it is that it greatly simplifies the means of tax collection. Unlike the taxation in Zhu Yuanzhang's period, it was more complicated and there was tax evasion. There is room for tax evasion, and the one-whip law basically did not degenerate from the reform to the end of the dynasty.

(This is easy to understand, and everyone who works understands how much difference there is between the personal income tax a few years ago and the current personal income tax. Because the entire algorithm is extremely simple and crude, the total income is added up to 6W and taxed in steps , so you can’t escape even a penny of formal income, and all of it is included in the tax amount. In the past, if taxes were collected in batches and items, it would be very beneficial to the rich. After all, the source of funds for the rich is impossible. Only one, so, EASYISBEST)

Therefore, every time the tax burden was increased in the later dynasty, every ordinary person could not escape, because the country knew very well how much income you had and how to get stuck in your neck.So that by the end of the Ming Dynasty, the folks had no ability to resist risks.

This is completely different from the Ming Dynasty, which could rely on its own private capital to support Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di's random issuance of banknotes in the early Ming Dynasty.