Golden Eye

"Yes." Gu Zhuo smiled slightly, "Then I will test you now, what are the differences?"

"Hmm..." Xuan Ning said while thinking, "The cloud patterns in the Yuan Dynasty are asymmetrical. The head is like a wishful one, and the tail is relatively fat in the front and slender in the back, just like... like a tadpole with a big head swimming. There is also the type with an asymmetric head, but two small heads in the middle, more like two small leaves supporting a blooming flower. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were more ribbons on Yunduo, and the Ruyi shape The head is like the front part of the tail in the Yuan Dynasty, which is relatively full. The cloud pattern streamer in the middle period is longer, twice as long as the head, with a bit of animal shape. In the Qing Dynasty, such as the Qianlong period, more clouds are not a single cloud , but a string of clouds..."

"Hehe, that's right." Mr. Gu twirled his beard in satisfaction, let the people behind drag their luggage, walked around, and walked around to an antique market, "Let's talk about the shape of the utensils. The type of utensils also plays an important role in distinguishing and identifying. It also has an obvious era type, which can reflect the aesthetic views and hobbies of people in different periods."

"It seems that some types of utensils were popular in the Ming Dynasty and others were popular in the Qing Dynasty?"

"That's right." Mr. Gu took a bowl and handed it to Xuan Ning for him to touch, "Let's take this bowl as an example. A bowl is a utensil that is closely related to daily life, but its shape is also random It keeps changing with time. Can you tell me when this bowl is from? Whether it’s true or not, it’s just the shape of the bowl.”

"Hmm..." Xuan Ning didn't use the power, but patiently groped for the bowl in his hand, "Master, you told me that the bowls of the Tang Dynasty were usually deep-bellied, straight-mouthed, flat-footed, thick-bodied, heavy , Well, it’s obviously not in line. The Song Dynasty...is not like this. The Ming Dynasty’s bowl has a slanted mouth, a deep belly, and a high ring foot... Although this bowl has a slanted mouth, the curvature is not so large, and the shape is thinner. Some, lacking the ancient and stable sense of the Ming Dynasty utensils, should be Qing Dynasty. Hmm... After Yongzheng, the bottom end of the bowl ring is no longer flat, but has evolved to the back of the loach, so this bowl is from the shape of the utensil, It should have been during the Kangxi period."

"Very good!" Mr. Gu praised him, put the bowl back, and led them to move forward, "I will let you practice your hands when you meet a suitable one. We are talking about inscriptions now."

"Ah."

"The so-called inscription is actually the year. When the ancient craftsmen made porcelain, they sometimes wrote some marks on the bottom center of the porcelain or the inside of the vessel. For example, the more common Daming Chenghua Year System, which is the emperor's year. Some of them are made for the palace, which belong to official kiln models. Of course, there are also folk kiln models made by folks. In addition to this type of year-recording models, there are also hall name models, hall name models, and Xuan name models. It is related to the location. Then there are praise money, auspicious money, potter's money, offering money, dry branch money, pattern money, etc. Ming and Qing inscriptions are the largest, but there are more forged inscriptions, so you need to do more when appraising In comparison, the fonts, styles, stroke characteristics, etc. of each dynasty must be clearly memorized..." Mr. Gu suddenly raised his voice when he said this, "Qianyi! Did you hear that!"

So fierce!Lin Qianyi looked at Xuan Ning aggrievedly, and then replied, "I heard."

"You are Xiaoxuan's eyes. If Xiaoxuan can't do this kind of thing, I have to rely on you!"

Sure enough, as soon as Gu Zhuozeng said this, Lin Qianyi immediately stopped being wronged, and said happily, "That's right, I am Xuan Ning's eyes!"

Yan Qingsong pouted at the back of his head.

"As for inscriptions, you can't be too rigid. You can't think that all the inscriptions that are not in the textbook must be forged. It depends on the device. I don't worry about Xiaoxuan. Of course, usually this situation is not good. It will happen. The inscriptions of each period have their own regularity. Like most of the year records, they are the country name plus the emperor's year name. We are familiar with the Xuande Year System of the Ming Dynasty and the Kangxi Year of the Qing Dynasty. system, etc. Among the ancient porcelains that have appeared, only the Longqing dynasty wrote the year and not the year in terms of inscriptions."

"Ok!"

"... Speaking of the Ming Dynasty, the earliest inscriptions started from Yongle, but only the four-character seal script of the Yongle Year System. Therefore, if we encounter the Yongle Year System of the Ming Dynasty, or come to a regular script, it will be fake It can’t be fake anymore! From Xuande of Ming Dynasty to Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, the year titles were all six-character regular script. In the Yongzheng Dynasty, regular script and seal script began to be used together, and there were all six-character and four-character characters. This situation should be more vigilant , Don’t take fakes for real! During the Qianlong period, there were fewer regular scripts. In the Jiaqing and Daoguang dynasties, seal scripts were mainly used. However, in the third year of Xianfeng to Xuantong, regular scripts were restored, and seal scripts were not used much. This kind of regularity...you have to keep in mind that when you encounter artifacts, compare them with each other, then you will have a little confidence in authenticity, right?"

"Yes..." Because Xuan Ning couldn't see it, Lin Qianyi listened very seriously.

Xuan Ning seemed to have sensed his intentions, and couldn't help but squeeze Lin Qianyi's hand back even harder.

"In addition to these rules, there is another point is the color. The pigments used to write inscriptions are different in different periods. You can't force the people of the Qing Dynasty to like the colors used in the Ming Dynasty, can you?"

"As you said last time, the blue and white models from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, under a magnifying glass, you can see the color sinking, and there are small uniform bubbles around, but there is no such thing as the middle and late Qing Dynasty?"

"That's it! Xiao Xuan, come..." Mr. Gu seemed to see something of interest again, stopped in front of a stall, picked up a bottle and handed it to Xuan Ning, "Tell me what kind of utensil it is .”

"Small mouth, full shoulders, round feet... well, it's a plum vase."

"Then tell me which era the plum vase is from." Gu Zhuo had tried to teach him, but he just smiled and let him touch the vase and fall into deep thought.

"Okay!" Xuan Ning touched the various parts of this plum vase carefully, "The plum vase of the Song Dynasty has a small mouth, short neck, and particularly plump shoulders. It looks slender and very beautiful. It is very beautiful like this one. ... It's not the same. In the Yuan Dynasty, the small skimming mouth was changed to a flat lip mouth, the short neck was raised, and the straight shape became a horn, and the body shape became bigger, but it was not like this. The bottle is from the Ming Dynasty, but the mouth is slightly higher, and the place where it meets the neck lacks a certain curvature. The shape is too rigid. Although the lines of this bottle are not beautiful enough, it is not a copy of the Qing Dynasty plum bottle. It is a Ming Dynasty It looks like an early vessel!" He concluded with certainty, "Although the imitation is not very good, but the curled lips, shoulders are plump and slanted, the lower body is slightly fat, not so long, smooth and ancient, it is still relatively fits the character."

Gu Zhuo once changed another piece of porcelain noncommittally, "Talk about this again."

"This is...a pen holder." Xuan Ning touched it carefully, brushing his slender and white fingers over the porcelain surface, "It's the shape of a Qing Dynasty pen holder, but it was taller than this during the Shunzhi period, with a flat bottom and no glaze. After Yongzheng, the carcass of the pen holder was wider than this one, the tire wall was also slightly thinner, and the bottom was a ring foot, which was also different from this one. This pen holder was in the shape of Kangxi. The shape of the pen holder in that period was slightly reduced. Some, the tire wall is neither thick nor thin, and the bottom is a biped. There is a small circle of depression in the center, and the outside of the concave circle is flat, and it looks like jade after being painted with white glaze."

"Come again..."

It wasn't until Xuan Ning explained a series of utensils such as the palace-style bowl, Guanyin statue, and Taibai vat in a clear and logical manner, and the road under his feet basically reached the end of the market, that Mr. Gu stopped the process and asked in surprise: "I said you are still in such good spirits? Are you not hungry? I am tired and hungry at the same time. You also know that old people can neither be tired nor hungry."

"..." The three of them were speechless, thinking to themselves what is robber logic?This is the real robber logic, not a counterfeit imitation!

I went to a good hotel in old Kangding to have dinner and rest for the night. Early the next morning, Mr. Gu was the most active.He knocked on several doors one by one, "Still asleep! My old man hasn't slept yet! Get up, get up, let's go to the kiln today!"

Xuan Ning is okay, he has always been an early to bed and early to rise.Lin Qianyi was also fine, with strong self-control.Only Yan Qingsong went out and yawned one after another, and his half-closed eyes never opened!

The kiln mentioned by Mr. Gu is on the site of the ancient kiln in Jingdezhen.Although after renovation and development, the current kilns are all built into Ming Dynasty workshop buildings, the layout of the garden can only be used to restore the style and appearance of the imperial kiln factory hundreds of years ago, but decades ago, this place was still Before it was developed, it was really a place to play with treasures.Of course, Gu Zhuo came here today not for shopping, but to learn how to make porcelain with Xuan Ning.

What the kiln shows outside is a series of porcelain production processes. When the group arrived at the destination, many tourists had already begun to have an addiction to porcelain making.

Mr. Gu's footsteps did not stop here at all, he led Xuan Ning straight in, turned east and west, and finally arrived at a relatively remote location.

Probably because they heard the voices from outside, the people in the room came out with a particularly loud voice, "Who is it? It's Brother Gu who disturbed people early in the morning! Brother Gu, hurry up and sit inside!"

"Brother Fei, how are you?" Gu Zhuo once exchanged greetings with him.

It was the first time that Xuan Ning found out that his master still had such a...market side, and it was strange to find that their topic turned to him.

"...Brother Gu's apprentice is needless to say! But, I still have to palm my own eyes. How about this, brother, wait a moment!" Fei Lao hurriedly threw a few people inside, and after a while He came out with a stack of boxes, "These broken porcelain, let your apprentice talk about it first?"

"Okay!" Mr. Gu asked Xuan Ning to come over without hesitation.

It's just that he didn't expect that as soon as Xuan Ning touched the first piece of broken porcelain, he fell to the side.