Black Technology Refresher Manual

Chen Jingqiu and Sheng Mingan made an appointment to attend the lecture in the afternoon, and when they arrived at the door of the classroom, two people just came out of it.

Those two people had annoyed expressions on their faces, and they complained quickly: "Aren't they civil science scholars? They really use all kinds of tricks to become famous!"

"Not a professor at all... I don't know how to apply for a classroom at Stanford."

"Because of the launch of the Solvay Physics Conference, in order to facilitate physicists from afar to have a free venue to communicate and not just be limited to the three-day conference, Stanford has open classrooms, as long as the application has a certain chance of being approved. "

"Let's go. What a waste of time."

"Professor Witten was also invited to the meeting. After all, he is a top scholar in the field of quantum gravity. I heard that he will come."

"Professor Witten?! Professor Witten from Princeton?! He is my idol!" The student passed by Sheng Mingan, his tone changed from disappointing displeasure to high excitement.

"I dreamed that I could be his student!"

"Then keep dreaming."

Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu looked at each other, stopped at the door of the classroom, and looked inside. There were only three people inside.

Chen Jingqiu said: "There seems to be something wrong."

Sheng Ming'an: "I see..."

The number of people attending a lecture is the main influencing factor that directly reflects how practical the content of the lecture is. However, there are only three young people in the classroom, and you can't even tell who is the keynote speaker.

Combined with the conversation between the two students who ran away just now, we can basically get the result:

Someone used the right to use Stanford’s open classrooms to apply for a classroom, and one day in advance, taking advantage of the exchange scholars’ maximum day, they put up posters at the entrance of the teaching building with the most traffic, claiming to crack quantum error correction to attract people to come to listen to the lecture.

Under normal circumstances, no one can be fooled, but Sheng Ming'an and Chen Jingqiu both don't know much about the anti-de Sitter space theory, and they happen to be eager to find a solution to the problem of quantum error correction, so they have no doubts and go straight coming.

Chen Jingqiu asked, "Should we go in now or turn around and leave?"

Sheng Mingan was silent for a moment, staring at the calculation equations written on the blackboard on the podium, narrowed his eyes slightly and said: "It's all here..."

Chen Jingqiu laughed: "Then go in..."

Both of them walked into the lecture theater, Sheng Mingan sat down in the front row, Chen Jingqiu stood beside him but didn't sit down, they all looked down at the equations written on the blackboard.

I dismantled and reversed the equation in my mind. The white numbers and Greek symbols were disassembled and deformed respectively. I encountered obstacles on the way and suddenly stopped. Or, the quantum error correction they proposed may really be a bit of a splash.

The three scholars on the podium lowered their heads to sort out their affairs, and when Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu came in, they raised their eyes and ignored them.

Sheng Mingan asked softly: "Why do you say that the emergence of space-time holography is like a quantum error-correcting code? What does it have to do with anti-de Sitter space and quantum entanglement?"

Only the first question in this question is decent. As for the second question, it is obvious that he is a layman and does not understand anti-de Sitter space and quantum gravity at all.

One of the three young scholars, a bearded male scholar, explained in a cold voice: "The anti-de Sitter space theory works on the principle that the curved structure that is empty inside the universe is the projection produced by the entangled quantum particles living on its outer boundary. Both space and time structures are composed of quantum particles, and their operation is carried out according to the quantum error correction theorem."

Quantum error correction is quantum error correction.

"Are you quantum computer scientists?" Sheng Mingan asked.

The tall-nosed man next to him who was sorting out the lesson plans glanced at his companion, pondered for a moment and replied, "No. We study quantum gravity and are assistant professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology."

Assistant professors are the junior level of professorships in American universities, but the three in front of them are assistant professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

While Sheng Mingan was thinking, Chen Jingqiu said, "I'm here for your lecture, and I want to hear it. Would you like to explain it to the two of us?"

The three looked at each other, unable to tell whether the two Asians in front of them were serious or joking.

They started their lecture half an hour ago, but they were frequently interrupted and questioned because they were not well-known professors. Those questions were not scientific questions at all, but simply did not believe their research results.

There are also some people who showed thirst for knowledge at the beginning, but when they were in high spirits, they suddenly said, "Your research saved Schrödinger's cat, are you better than Schrödinger?" to ridicule their arrogance, like pouring cold water on them, instantly extinguishing them enthusiasm.

Because they were disheartened by the blow, they were indifferent to Sheng Mingan's questioning.

"You... are you Japanese?"

Chen Jingqiu: "Huaguo people..." He took the initiative to introduce himself, and at the same time introduced Sheng Mingan, "We are all students of Huaguo Physics Department."

"Hua people are very good at learning." But physics is not very good.

The bearded man among the three was a little more friendly: "My name is Ahmed, and they are my colleagues and partners, Harlow and Daniel."

Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu nodded: "Hello..."

After saying goodbye to each other, although Ahmed was skeptical about Sheng Mingan's attitude towards studying, he began to explain rigorously and seriously in the hope that someone could understand their research.

It has to be said that the level of the assistant professor at MIT is not boastful. He explained the profound things in simple terms and quoted classics, which was enough for Sheng Mingan and the two who had never been in contact with the anti-de Sitter space before to understand it quickly.

The anti-de Sitter space theory is generally speaking: the earth is the holographic projection of the universe.

It is mainly related to the research and application of string theory and m theory. It was discovered by the Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist Gerald Hoft when he was studying quantum mechanics and gravity. After being researched and summarized by many physicists in later generations, it gradually extended to quantum field theory and quantum entanglement.

"The collection of quantum field theory forms a unique mathematical structure. In 95, Shor used the decomposition algorithm and another method to prove the existence of quantum error-correcting codes. Later, computer scientists proved that the existence of such codes can make the error rate close to zero. .”

Quantum error correction here involves the realization of a universal quantum computer, and is also one of the fundamental physical issues for realizing quantum computing.

However, Ahmed's research is more inclined to the fact that space-time originates from entangled quantum information, that is, quantum error correction is related to the way of anti-de Sitter space-time generated from quantum entanglement.

Ahmed said: "This is the result of our calculation. Now I will reverse the calculation process..."

He spoke with great ecstasy, speaking faster and faster, completely ignoring the possibility that the students listening in the classroom might not understand, and this is one of the reasons why they were questioned by the audience an hour ago.

Because he speaks too fast and too egotistically, not only is it taken for granted, but the research results are too incredible.

Colleague Daniel wanted to hint to Ahmed to speak slowly, be careful that the students couldn't understand and became angry and ran away again!

Worried, Daniel subconsciously raised his head to look at Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu who were directly in front of him, but he saw that the two of them were listening intently, and their expressions were thoughtful. When they heard something interesting, their eyes seemed to sparkle suddenly ...

Shaking his head, Daniel thought he was blind, but his eyes were still shining? !

However, he saw that these two Huaguo students were really serious, and they both kept up with Ahmed's jumping thinking. They were simply... tough!

Time flies, and three hours pass in the blink of an eye.

Those who are lecturing on the stage and those who are listening to the lectures off the stage, one side is full of heart and soul, while the other side is still full of ideas and learning something.

Ahmed rubbed his hands and asked expectantly, "Do you have any questions?"

Sheng Mingan shook his head, "I'll think about it again..."

Chen Jingqiu raised his eyes: "Holographic space-time is the same as quantum error correction, so you have established the correct quantum error correction code? Can I take a look?"

Ahmed froze for a moment, and said embarrassingly: "We haven't actually established it yet...but our work has taken a big step forward. We just need to find a new way of thinking-well, we are really confused."

"Maybe..." Sheng Mingan murmured, "You can try to create three particles with any of the three states, and let them be coded into a logical three-state particle... Then, then—"

"And then what?" Ahmed asked.

Sheng Mingan shrugged: "I don't know. Unless there is an experiment."

He remembered the superconducting experiment he had done at the Institute of Chemical Materials, HKUST. By building a three-level artificial atom and making thousands of observations, he finally got an ultra-small frequency.

Then interfere with the quantum transition at this ultra-small frequency to achieve quantum error correction. The theory of this scheme is similar to that of anti-de Sitter space holographic space-time. Maybe you can try to combine the two?

The interest of the three of Ahmed was aroused, and they pestered Sheng Mingan to let him talk about his ideas.

Sheng Ming'an pondered for a moment, and explained in detail his detailed experimental plan and experimental results about the quantum leap, including the data of each result, as if a supercomputer with a terrible capacity!

The three of Ahmad and Chen Jingqiu all quickly understood Sheng Mingan's idea of ​​the plan, and they coincidentally followed his idea to combine anti-de Sitter space holographic time-space and holographic duality theory, and suddenly felt that they could try it.

"How about we cooperate?" Ahmed suggested.

Sheng Mingan raised his eyebrows.

Ahmed: "We use your experimental data and schemes, and you can also use our schemes to combine with each other to try to find new ideas. Then experiment together. I have friends at Stanford who can borrow the lab."

Sheng Mingan was very moved, but he was not sure whether Chen Jingqiu was willing or not, and whether he had time, so he looked up at him.

Chen Jingqiu smiled at him and nodded: "Yes..."

Sheng Mingan asked in a low voice in Chinese: "Don't you still have a part-time job?"

"It's a big deal to resign..." Chen Jingqiu showed a short smile as if remembering something, "Where is your job—" After a pause, he continued: "How important is our chance to be famous in the academic world?!"

Sheng Mingan: "Okay..."

He didn't say anything anymore, and felt that it would be good for Chen Jingqiu to indulge in scientific research, so that the chance of becoming a criminal genius would drop a lot.

The two sides separated, Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu went back to the hotel, and met Professor Guo Xiao and two seniors who had finished their affairs.

When Chen Jingqiu met Professor Guo, he just wanted to speak, but Professor Guo raised his hand: "It's also from the Institute of Physics, majoring in nuclear engineering, called...Chen Jingqiu, right?"

"Yes..." Chen Jingqiu nodded.

Professor Guo didn't ask Chen Jingqiu why a nuclear engineering student also came to Stanford. Anyway, nuclear engineering also involves quantum mechanics, which is beneficial and harmless.

"Tomorrow I will bring two people into the meeting, which one of you wants to go in with me first?"

Brother Hong said that the opportunity will be given to the juniors, anyway, you can watch the public video afterwards, and most of the discussions about the world's problems go so deep that ordinary people can't understand.

For them, the public lecture on the fourth day is more suitable for them to listen to.

"Then you two will come to the meeting with me tomorrow." Professor Guo said, pointing to Sheng Ming'an and Senior Brother Lu.

Sheng Ming'an had no objection, but Chen Jingqiu did not participate for the time being, so the matter was settled like this.

After returning to the room, Sheng Ming'an and Chen Jingqiu respectively tried to design an experimental plan combining the characteristics of anti-de Sitter space holographic space-time and the experiment he had done at HKUST before, trying to find a quantum error-correcting code.

The lights in the room are always on until late at night, but this corner is not a unique scenery. Throughout the entire hotel, every window is lit almost until the early morning. It is obvious that every physicist who is invited or comes here is immersed in a strong In the academic atmosphere, every minute and every second is not spared, with the intention of perfecting the theory or trying to solve the world's physics problems, and strive to make a big splash in this conference where the entire physics community is paying attention.

It's a pity that there are very few who really become famous in the first battle.

The cold wind is blowing outside the window, and the house is warm. The light yellow light dilutes the chill of winter, adding a bit of warmth in the visual sense.

"When the quantum system is in a superposition state, suppose a qubit is flipped..." Chen Jingqiu said his thoughts slowly, but after hearing no response for a long time, he turned his head subconsciously and saw Sheng Mingan who was lying on the desk sound asleep at some point.

The hour hand has already pointed to 2, and Sheng Mingan's quiet sleeping face is a little flushed, his eyelashes are very long, and he is still holding a ballpoint pen in his right hand.

Looks really good.

Chen Jingqiu's fingers stretched forward for a moment, paused, then moved forward slowly the next moment, and poked Sheng Ming'an's cheek, which was soft and slippery, brushed his lips carelessly, and immediately sparks burned from the belly of his fingers , the fire is not big, it only burns until the fingers are numb from the elbows.

"Hmm..." Sheng Mingan frowned, woke up with a frown, yawned and said, "Sorry, I fell asleep."

Chen Jingqiu withdrew his hand one step earlier: "Sleep if you're sleepy..."

Sheng Mingan responded, turned around and climbed onto the bed to sleep.

Chen Jingqiu remained in place, with his eyes downcast, and the light cast a light shadow on his eye sockets.

After a long while, he took out his mobile phone and sent several text messages in succession, before turning off the lights and going to sleep without waiting for a reply.

The next day, the Solvay Physics Conference officially started.

The board of directors of the sponsor Solvay Conference invited the media to stand guard at the door for filming. Every physicist who entered the conference room was captured and introduced in detail.

Maybe next year's Nobel Prize will be born from this group of people, or maybe when this meeting ends, human beings will take a big step forward towards quantum mechanics, or a new physical theory will appear...

Nothing is permanent, everything is possible.

Anyway, for the media who reported on this meeting, it is just a waste of time to say a few more words, and if one of the above assumptions comes true, then as photographers, they can follow suit!

Because this shows that they who control the camera are Bole who know how to recognize Maxima!

As one of the journal and video editors of the Discovery Science Channel in the United States, Bob was assigned the task of collecting materials outside the conference venue. Not to mention controlling the camera to shoot the boss, he didn’t even have the opportunity to get in close contact with him, let alone the conference ended. subsequent face-to-face interviews.

And the moderator representing Discovery Science Channel Media is Bob's editor-in-chief Ferien.

At this time, the 62 physicists who were invited entered the open conference room building of Stanford University one after another, and more than a dozen cameras followed the figures of the big cows.

Bob heard Felien order: "Hurry up and shoot Professor Witten! Professor Edward Witten! And David Gloss! Never mind those people behind, who is this?"

Bob looked over curiously. From his angle, he could just see that the camera controlled by Ferien was aimed at the three Asians walking in front. They seemed to be... from Huaguo?

"Don't shoot them!" Ferien said arrogantly and indifferently: "Hua people are not good at physics, they will never win the Nobel Prize."

Bob frowned, thinking that Ferien shouldn't discriminate against Huaguo physics so much. Although he himself felt that Huaguo's physics foundation was not good enough, they have been catching up very quickly these years.

Moreover, it is not without precedent in history that Chinese people won the Nobel Prize in physics, just because they were not awarded as scholars of their own country, their identity as Chinese people was denied...

Felien was too arbitrary.

Bob wanted to say something, but he was not qualified to speak at all.

Ferien didn't like him, and he didn't like Huaguo people either.

In the Young Physicists section of Science Weekly, he won a few words of introduction for the Chinese young scholar An, who was brilliant at the LRS Physics Symposium, but was rejected by the editor-in-chief Ferien on the grounds of absurdity and impracticality.

Later, a public opinion battle known to academics broke out on YouTube, followed by an explosive reversal, which was full of dramatic effects.

The New York media were reporting on this incident. Although they would not praise Hua Guo too much, they still gave the Hua Guo young physicist the correct words of praise in the spirit of science.

Except Science Discovery Channel.

Ferien suppressed the positive reports and chose to ignore the fact that he made successive speeches to satirize Chinese scholars.

When the public opinion turmoil subsides, no one will grab him to apologize for this matter.

"Ugh..." Bob sighed.

Forget it, he should honestly collect materials from the off-site meeting.

Look, the physicists outside the meeting also had heated discussions, and their academic spirit never faded because of their IQ and knowledge.

Sheng Mingan originally thought that the conference would be held in one room like the Fifth Physics Conference, with everyone discussing around a long table, with media and video cameras beside them for real-time recording.

However, the meeting was actually carried out in a large circular lecture hall, with media and cameras in the center and the back row of the classroom. The moderator of the meeting was David Gloss, one of the founders of quantum chromodynamics. Lao, was elected as a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 04, and also served as a professor of physics and director of the Institute of Physics at the University of Santa Barbara in the United States.

All in all, a big guy.

In fact, the more than 60 people who received the invitation are all big names in the field of physics, but the big names are also divided into batches.

There is no doubt that David Gloss is the first batch of bigwigs.

Sheng Ming'an thought that the number of people invited to this meeting would not exceed 30, but he did not expect that there were more than 60 people, plus the boss brought assistants, students, and media, there were at least a hundred people.

And he, Senior Brother Lu and Professor Guo are in the third row of the circular lecture hall, and the old man with white hair, glasses and a serious and silent expression in the first row opposite is the most powerful and powerful big guy in the audience. guy--

Edward? Witten!

Sheng Mingan's heart beats a little fast. From yesterday to now, young physicists at Stanford always mention Professor Witten suddenly, all in a respectful tone. Even the arrogant western media hope to film more about Professor Witten lens.

Edward Witten, currently a professor of physics at Princeton, was a Ph.D. in economics and history. He became a monk halfway, and changed his studies to physics and mathematics to study quantum mechanics. He is an excellent theoretical physicist.

He combined mathematics and physics very cleverly, and has quite high research results in both mathematics and physics. He is known as the reincarnation of Einstein's absolute genius!

No one has been able to verify the improved superstring theory. The m-theory created is known as the ultimate theory of the universe. This theory is too advanced!No one will be able to unravel these theories of him for at least a hundred years!

He is also the only physicist in the world who has won the Fields Medal, the highest honor in mathematics, and of course the Nobel Prize has long been in his pocket.

The ads?cft correspondence conjecture in the anti-de Sitter space theory that Sheng Mingan was discussing yesterday is also one of the main research directions of Professor Witten in theoretical physics.

——Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon at the International Physics Conference!

Discussions started quickly at the meeting, and the atmosphere was relatively relaxed, because the current physical research work is basically based on the theoretical physics established by the predecessors, and most of the new conclusions are mainly proved by experimental data.

Quantum mechanics is still the main research direction. People are constantly trying to prove or overthrow quantum mechanics, and provide various rigorous and wonderful experimental plans, which made Sheng Mingan feel suddenly enlightened, and also made his understanding of quantum mechanics more and more in-depth. .

Until the end of the meeting, Professor Guo listened silently to physicists from other countries standing up and throwing questions, catching them and starting debates. Brother Lu was also very quiet, and Sheng Mingan also noticed that Professor Weiteng did not speak much.

The physics meeting on the first day ended, everyone in the classroom sorted out the meeting minutes and left in a hurry, not many people stayed to deal with the media.

After coming out, Senior Brother Lu said, "Are you wondering why the professor didn't speak up?"

Sheng Mingan nodded.

Brother Lu raised two index fingers: "First, the discussion at the Solvay Physics Conference is actually more theoretical, while the professor focuses on experimental physics. Second, the questions raised on the first day are usually not of the highest level, but really high-level The problem was raised on the second day, and you can see that Professor Witten and Professor Gross, those front row Nobel Prize winners, knew it without opening their mouths."

Sheng Ming'an suddenly realized that he thought he would go to war directly on the first day.

Senior Brother Lu laughed: "The current physics meeting is not full of gunpowder! By the way, we Asian faces had better not join in front of those media who are squatting outside the venue, it is easy to be ridiculed."

Sheng Mingan: "Got it..."

His hands are a little itchy now, and he can't wait to go back and sort out the records of the boss battle in the classroom just now.

Brother Lu saw his desire, waved his hand and said, "Go and do your work. I have something to do with the professor."

Sheng Mingan said goodbye, hurriedly walked across the lawn of the Stanford Center, and walked towards the hotel room.

Bob, who was collecting materials on the lawn of the Stanford Center, suddenly looked back. The crowd was dense, and there was no special figure.

He patted his forehead and thought, sure enough, he was wrong, how could there be a familiar figure?

Sheng Ming'an, who returned to the hotel room, generously shared the minutes of the meeting with Chen Jingqiu, and jointly improved the new plan proposed by combining Ahmed's research and the previous experimental data at HKUST.

The completed new plan finally plans to use the anti-de Sitter space to construct a space-time structure, record the external entangled quantum and establish an equation by observing the space-time structure, and thus deduce the space-time code.

And the anti-de Sitter theory shows that space-time codes can be regarded as quantum error-correcting codes!

After the plan came out, Sheng Ming'an and Chen Jingqiu couldn't wait to contact the three of Ahmed. They were amazed when they saw their plan, and then studied together all night, modified a little data, and quickly used their contacts to apply for the Stanford experiment. room for experiments.

On the second day of the Solvay Physics Conference, Sheng Mingan did not attend again.

He, Chen Jingqiu, and Ahmed were immersed in the construction of the space-time structure in the Stanford laboratory, because every data is cautious and every equation calculation is complicated during the construction process. Shen would collapse completely and would have to be rebuilt.

So everyone takes turns staring at the construction, no one dares to blink, while inputting data and records, while performing simultaneous calculations.

Even so, the structure collapsed several times, and it almost didn't drive people crazy.

Before the start of the meeting on the third day, Brother Lu approached Sheng Mingan and Chen Jingqiu: "Professor Witten mentioned his m-theory at the meeting. You must know that the two pillars of modern physics, relativity and quantum mechanics, are mutually exclusive and violate each other." theory, and m-theory is the only theory that can combine these two pillars. If you miss this debate, you may have to wait another ten years for the next one.”

Everyone hopes that they can prove m-theory and be the founder of the unification of relativity and quantum mechanics.

Even if the ability is limited, maybe you can find a research direction from it.

"The Solvay Physics Conference is held every three years, and the topics discussed each time are different. The next time there will be a topic on quantum mechanics, it may be six or nine years later. The two of you came here with great difficulty, and you actually wasted the opportunity? "

Chen Jingqiu smiled: "Won't the video be released after the meeting? Besides, with my current physics level, I can't understand it even at the scene. It's better to leave the opportunity to the brothers."

Brother Lu: Brother, you are sincere.

He looked at Sheng Ming'an, who shrugged: "I'm doing research in the laboratory with someone."

Brother Lu couldn't put it into words: "Stanford Lab? With whom?"

"Hmm..." Sheng Ming'an nodded, "With my new friend, an assistant professor at MIT."

"You two Huaguo University students and MIT assistant professors are doing research in other people's labs at Stanford?" Brother Lu was overwhelmed by this operation.

Sheng Ming'an: "The summary is incisive..."

What else can Brother Lu say besides wishing them a successful experiment?

Immediately afterwards he clapped his hands and said: "Almost forgot! The professor said that he had applied for a public lecture for you a long time ago, and it was finally arranged today. At noon on the fifth day of the conference, a lecture was held in a classroom of Stanford University, because of the time and location. It's all urgent, so it's only an hour."

"!" Sheng Mingan was shocked: "Me? I give a lecture?! What am I talking about?!"

Brother Lu: "Of course it's about your quantum leap experiment at HKUST."

Sheng Mingan was dumbfounded.

"The professor applied for the lecture in his name." Brother Lu said with a smile: "Your brother, don't you think that your experiment is worthless?"

Sheng Mingan said: "The experimental results didn't verify anything..."

Neither overturned the randomness and uncertainty of quantum transitions, nor further proved quantum mechanics, and even the quantum error correction he derived from it has not yet had a perfect solution.

He thought it was a failed experiment.

Brother Lu was quite surprised: "You found a 100 microsecond early warning signal," he said emphatically, "This is your achievement! Although your experimental plan cannot overthrow quantum mechanics, it has opened up other ideas for quantum error correction. If we continue to study in this direction, maybe someday we will completely solve quantum error correction!"

Is it?I see.

Sheng Ming'an, who doesn't know much about the status quo of quantum theory, learned that his experimental results have pointed out a new way of thinking for quantum error correction after popular science. The results are enough to hold a public lecture at Stanford!