Black Technology Refresher Manual

There is no technical difficulty in signal collection. Sheng Mingan only needs to pay attention to the gap between the collected signal and the expected signal, find out if there is any signal that exceeds the expected signal, and record it.

As for whether it can explain what the unexpected signal is, Professor Weiss does not force him to answer.

There's no question that day jobs can be boring as hell.

Out of caution, Professor Weiss didn't intend to bring Sheng Mingan to participate in the core project. The researchers in the laboratory were also very busy, and they didn't want to waste time answering Sheng Mingan's questions, so much so that he worked in the research institute for seven or eight days and was still in the experiment. Walk around outside.

However, Sheng Ming'an understood the institute's precautions, even if he was an American student, he would probably receive the same treatment.

Although he couldn't participate in the core project, Sheng Ming'an was able to distinguish the difference between the expected signal, the false signal and the signal beyond the expected signal after staring at the flashing signal being recorded for several days.

On this day, after having breakfast, Sheng Mingan came to the operating table of the particle detector, glanced at the signal captured by the display screen, recorded it, counted the number of signal captures, and compared with the expected signal five times more.

The extra five signals are special signals, representing a new, undiscovered particle, which may be a new candidate particle of dark matter, but it may also be a meaningless false signal.

The previous signal collection was over, and the next signal collection was estimated to be more than ten hours later, and he was idle, so Sheng Mingan observed five signals that exceeded expectations.

Signals that exceed expectations are called unexpected events in the detection process, and the energy spectrum of unexpected events can be calculated through physical formulas.

Sheng Mingan tried to speculate on the energy spectrum of unexpected events. First of all, he should not obtain important information such as detection efficiency and energy resolution from the in-depth understanding of particle detectors, such as the study of detector response signals, because these information can also be used for the final analysis of dark matter.

The second is the low-energy event scale of the particle detector, where the nest model needs to be applied.

The two steps of particle detector response signal research and low-energy case calibration are the most complicated, so Sheng Ming'an focused on taking care of them, and it took several hours to finally complete them. The "false signals" in unexpected events were screened out, and the remaining [-] times exceeded expectations. signal of.

He summed up the five unexpected signals aside, concentrated on them, and calculated the energy spectrum, and found that the energy spectrum of the unexpected signal may be similar to the model energy spectrum of the solar axion, and coincides with the solar axion signal.

In other words, the 15 unexpected signals collected by particle detector observations are likely to be solar axions!

Sheng Ming'an was confused, and when Cecil came, he told him all about what happened, thinking that Cecil took it seriously, but he said indifferently, "Don't worry about these false signals."

"?"

Cecil: "The institute's dark matter detection experiments in the past three years have observed a total of [-] accidental events of this kind, and more than [-]% of the accidental events are false 'false signals'."

"I've calculated that 30% of the unexpected events coincide with the solar axion signal, and we are likely to detect the existence of another hypothetical particle."

"Impossible." Cecil said decisively: "The accident you mentioned was first recorded in an atomic impact experiment observation three years ago. Our initial thought was the same as yours now. We thought it was A new particle, but not really."

"The two hundred and seventy-three accidents collected were analyzed and determined to be either errors caused by the collection device, or muons that can imitate the daa signal—we established a muon model and successfully explained the detected daa signal .”

"Really?" Sheng Ming'an was puzzled, vaguely feeling that the unexpected events he collected were not all 'false signals'.

Cecil said firmly: "Of course!"

Sheng Ming'an shook his head: "If what you said is true, then what should be the explanation for the 15 special signals that were screened out from the unexpected signal collected this time, which coincide with the solar axion signal?"

Cecil: "Maybe it's just a beautiful misunderstanding. You have to know that there are too many data factors that cause signal errors. Just the technical limitations of the detection device..." He pointed to the tubular device in front and said: "It is not currently possible to be detected Perfectly resolved."

Seeing that Sheng Ming'an still didn't believe it, Cecil said: "Well, the records I left before I took you to see them are all records of energy analysis results of unexpected events observed. After reading it, you will understand."

Energy analysis records of previous accidents?

Sheng Mingan's eyes lit up, "Can I see?" The more data samples, the higher the probability of leading to the correct result.

Cecil: "It's all unimportant data. Wait, I'm going to retrieve the sample data now." After speaking, he used his own authority to retrieve the sample data.

Sheng Mingan made a copy, "Thank you."

Cecil didn't raise his head: "No need. It's a rare opportunity to do an internship in this institute. At least you can touch the particle detector that it doesn't have, but the internship time is too short, and you can learn too little. If These sample data can help you, which is good for you and good for us."

After all, the sample data comes from their research institute.

"That said, the purpose of our experiment is to observe wi."

Sheng Mingan smiled, accepted the favor, took the sample data back to the room, and after finishing dinner, he began to screen the unexpected signals observed in the past three years.

The lights in the room were on all night, and Sheng Mingan wrote the last stroke on the paper, staring at the obtained data and muttering to himself: "Based on the observed signal, after eliminating various error factors, we finally get the same result as the solar axion. There are more than five unexpected signal values ​​for signal fitting, accounting for nearly 17 of the total unexpected signals, but the overall confidence level is less than 5 siga, so it cannot be concluded that it is a solar axion."

In the sample data from the three-year experiment, in addition to the expected wi signal matching, there are also some signals that exceed expectations.This part of the signal screens out "false signals" such as errors, leaving several "special signals".

After calculation, the energy level of the 'special signal' is fitted with the solar axion signal.

Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that the 'special signal' produced during the wi experiment observation process is the solar axion, another dark matter candidate particle.

It's a pity that the confidence level is less than 5siga.

The so-called confidence is the interval estimate of a certain population parameter of a probability sample, and the true value of the parameter has a certain probability to fall in this interval estimate.

In the physical world, 5 siga is the accepted threshold for a discovery.

If the confidence level of the fit between the 'special signal' and the solar axion signal exceeds 5 siga, it does not necessarily prove that the special particle is a solar axion, but the probability of this establishment becomes larger.

The confidence level is less than 5 siga, but close.

If this discovery is announced, there must be a group of physicists flocking to it.

Sheng Mingan smiled, which was also a big gain.

He sorted out all the data and calculation process, and told Professor Weiss about his findings the next day.Professor Weiss was really interested. After reading his report and calculation results, he said that he applied to the higher authorities for further exploration of this discovery.

"Your discovery provides a new way for scholars to study dark matter. I think they will be very happy." Professor Weiss sighed: "You are also more talented than I imagined."

Sheng Mingan's discovery in the research institute for a week is far better than other researchers who have worked for two or three years.

The abnormal signals in the report appeared as early as three or four years ago, but everyone regarded them as 'errors' and threw them aside, stingy enough to devote more energy to in-depth research.

Cecil, who was on the side, was full of curiosity and puzzlement: "We have tracked down these signals, and marked them at the beginning, and after calculations, they were confirmed to be 'errors', and there was no abnormality after several times."

He took the reports from Professor Weiss and looked through them one by one. When he saw that the data they had previously designated as 'false signals' had been recalculated and included in 'special signals', he couldn't help but be surprised: "Why do you find that there is something wrong with these signals? ? Why is the result different from ours?"

"I recalculated all the unexpected signals, eliminated some classic error values, and excluded some false signals. I found that there is a new background pollution source caused by tritium in the detector. This background pollution source is very similar to another pollution source. It is easy to be ignored, and its data insertion causes the special signal to look like a false signal, as long as the data of the background pollution source is recalculated, the special signal can be screened out."

Cecil suddenly realized: "So it is."

He was amazed at Sheng Mingan's keenness, it was terrifying to be able to detect such subtle data.

Cecil thought for a while and said, "I want to study this special signal in depth, Sheng, do you want to help me?"

Sheng Mingan refused, "I don't have time."

The course is coming to an end, and he is going to return home.

Only then did Cecil realize that Sheng Mingan had only participated in the project for only two weeks, so he hurriedly persuaded him to stay: "You can stay and continue to participate in new projects, as long as the boss is the person who started the project."

Anyway, Sheng Ming'an is a student of Professor Weiss, so taking part in his project is the same as taking a class in IT!

Cecil looked at Professor Weiss, who said that he was also interested in this special signal.

Sheng Ming'an was a little moved. After all, with a very advanced large-scale scientific device and a Nobel Prize-winning leader, he didn't have to worry about scientific research funds. It was definitely a big topic that everyone dreamed of.

but--

At first, he really didn't have time, and the two researches on graphene superconductivity and new theory of superconductivity would occupy his next energy.The second reason is that the nationality is different. If you participate in the research of a large scientific project, you may have a lot of difficulties if you want to separate or return to your country in the future.

Although both Cecil and Professor Weiss wanted Sheng Mingan to stay, he still firmly refused.

Professor Weiss didn't force it when he saw this, he just said: "You go back and write a thesis and give it to me, even if the subject is over, I will enter the grades for the next semester. If you change your mind, you can come to me at any time."

Sheng Ming'an thanked him, but he didn't think he changed his mind.