How to break into a math book

The words of Shinigami made Tu Hua nervous.The sentence he said to take away people who do not belong to this world is probably to eliminate the challenger in some way.

Shen Siyi and Sun Wei are separated from him in two spaces at this time, which proves that this level game probably requires the cooperation of three people to complete.And this god of death is coming fiercely again, and it is self-evident what kind of situation he will face next.

Tu Hua tried his best to calm himself down, and said to Death, "What game?"

The god of death waved his hands, and two boxes, one red and one blue, suddenly appeared in front of Shen Siyi and Sun Wei.He pointed to the blue box in front of Shen Siyi and said: "I have put their life and death information in the box in front of the two of them, but their life and death still need to be decided by you."

As he said that, the box in front of Shen Siyi suddenly turned transparent, and there was a palm-sized ball in the box, and the word "生" was written on the ball: "You saw it too, this boy's blue In the box is a live ball. Now you have two options in front of you: first, choose to take the ball out of both boxes, but when I expect you to do this, I will put a dead ball in the red box ;The second option, you only choose to open the red box, then I will put two life balls in the red box, and your two friends can both survive."

Tu Hua pondered for a while, and finally understood what he meant.The box in front of Shen Siyi is transparent, and Tu Hua can see the information inside, which proves that as long as Tu Hua chooses to open the blue box, Shen Siyi can definitely survive; but no one knows what is inside the red box.

According to Death God, if Tuhua chooses to open the red box alone, then there will be two life balls in the box, and both Shen Siyi and Sun Wei can survive; but if Tuhua chooses to open both boxes, then the red box will If there is only one dead ball in the game, Sun Wei will be eliminated directly.

This statement is based on the fact that Shinigami can accurately predict Tuhua's choice.Reaper, as the NPC of the [Death Prophecy] level, can accurately predict Tu Hua's choice in advance, which means he knows what Tu Hua will choose in the end.

So he has prepared the answer in the red box according to Tu Hua's choice in advance, as long as Tu Hua makes a choice, he will get the corresponding result.

It was such a simple multiple-choice question. Reaper put his two teammates who were fighting side by side under the blade, forcing Tu Hua to make the most compelling choice.

In fact, the answer is obvious.If only the red box is opened, both of them can live; if both boxes are opened at the same time, only Chen Siyi can live.

If he completely followed the information given by the God of Death, Tu Hua should choose to open the red box without hesitation to ensure that both of them can survive.

But the problem is that Tu Hua can't fully believe the words of the god of death.

He can see the living ball in the blue box, so he is sure that as long as he chooses the blue box, Shen Siyi can survive.But the red box is not transparent. So far, what kind of balls are in the box is only a one-sided statement by the god of death.He didn't dare to place all his bets on Reaper. Once Reaper lied, both of his teammates would be eliminated because of his misjudgment.

The situation reached a stalemate for a while.

Tu Hua looked at the gloating god of death, pondered for a while, and said, "Can you ensure that your prediction is absolutely accurate?"

Death snorted softly: "Of course."

Tu Hua Ning brows fell into deep thought: "There are two choices in front of me. Theoretically speaking, each of these two choices has a half-possibility of happening, but your prophecy can only have one. If my choice coincides with your prophecy Contradictory?"

The god of death laughed: "God's philosophy and human's one-sided thinking can never be in the same dimension. It's like you are always thinking whether I will lie to you, how did I predict your choice, but I I have already seen everything, and all your thoughts and choices are under my control."

This multiple-choice question is exactly the same as the famous Newcomb's paradox.

Newcomb's paradox, invented by physicist William Newcomb, is by far the thorniest of the prophetic paradoxes debated by philosophers.The original topic of this paradox is this: the prophet brought two boxes, the same as the box in front of Tu Hua, one transparent box contained 1000 dollars, and the other box was opaque.The prophet lets the challenger make a choice, he will predict the challenger's choice in advance, and put the corresponding things in the opaque box.If the challenger chooses only the opaque box, the box will contain $100 million; but if the challenger chooses to open both boxes, the opaque box will be empty.

The basis for this event is that the prophet can accurately predict the behavior of the challenger.

Tuhua is now facing such a choice.But his situation is much more difficult than that of the challenger in Newcomb's paradox. His box contains not money, but the lives of his friends.

In Newcomb's paradox, people analyze based on game theory and find that it is the optimal choice for the challenger to choose to open two boxes at the same time.Because the result in the opaque box is established, that is to say, the prophet has fulfilled his prediction, regardless of whether there is money in the box, the fact has already happened.

If there is money in the box, the challenger who chooses to open both boxes can get $100, even if the box is empty, the challenger still gets $1000.

This principle is easy to understand, but Tu Hua cannot apply this simple idea to his current choice.First of all, he doesn't know how Reaper does it. After all, in the game, the system endows the NPC Reaper with special abilities, and he can't guarantee whether Reaper will switch packages midway, so the result in the box may not be fixed; Secondly, what he is facing is the lives of two teammates. He cannot use the simple profit maximization theory to analyze it. What he wants is an accurate result to ensure that neither of his teammates will sacrifice.

Shen Siyi and Sun Wei also knew how difficult it was to make a choice in front of Tu Hua, but there was nothing they could do.This feeling is even worse for Sun Wei, because in Tu Hua's choice, Shen Siyi can survive no matter what, and all the hesitation he is doing now is trying to save Sun Wei's life.

Sun Wei looked at the triumphant Grim Reaper, then at the two struggling teammates, and finally realized that what Tu Hua faced was not a choice at all, but a trap that could not be filled.

She must die.

"Hu Hua." She said suddenly, her expression calm and terrifying, "Newcomb's paradox is not a logical paradox, and its root does not exist in logic at all."

Tu Hua raised his head suddenly, his eyes were sad.

Sun Wei's words and her death-defying expression told Tu Hua that she wanted him to give up on her.The so-called logical paradox means that in an axiom system, two opposite conclusions can be established.

The reason why Newcomb's paradox is not a logical paradox is precisely because this paradox does not have a completely accurate logical axiom system.There is no completely accurate prediction of the prophet in this world. There is a certain probability relationship between the behavior of the prophet and the choice of the challenger. Generally speaking, the prediction of the prophet and the choice of the challenger are independent of each other. , no matter what the challenger chooses, the success probability of the prophet is only so many, which is the limitation given by the objective conditions.

In fact, this paradox is a kind of philosophical speculation.

If Tu Hua believes that the god of death can make a prediction about his choice, then it proves that the god of death's prophecy will have an impact on Tu Hua's choice, but Tu Hua's choice is free, there are two choices and two results, the choice is entirely up to Tu Hua thinking.But if Tu Hua doesn't believe that the god of death can make predictions, that is to say, he believes that the facts are established and the things in the box already exist objectively, and the predictions of the god of death have no effect on his choice at all. The accepted view is that all choices follow the law of temporal causality, where what happens first affects what happens later.

These two viewpoints are actually the incongruity between the free will to choose and the law of temporal causality.

Even the masters of philosophy can't solve the problems, and Tu Hua can't even choose.He looked at Sun Wei with some embarrassment. This was probably the most difficult game he had encountered since entering the game.

Sun Wei knew what Tu Hua was thinking, and pretended to smile relaxedly: "Do you still remember the witch level, did you rescue me?"

Tu Hua looked at him and remained silent.

"The god of death said that he wants to take away people who don't belong to this world... In fact, think about it, the person who doesn't belong to this world is me." Sun Wei raised his lips, "If you didn't rescue me from the witch pass, I'm afraid I would It has been eliminated long ago. I can continue to go on in this game because of you."

"So the life you gave me with your own hands must also be taken away with your own hands."

Tu Hua shook his head, frowned and said, "It's in line with the rules of the game that I can rescue you. It's not because of me that you can walk in the game for so long, but because you are excellent!"

Tu Hua lowered his head and murmured, "Our team...can't be short."

Sun Wei slowly approached Tu Hua, and there was a transparent barrier between them. She put her palm on the barrier in the middle, as if smiling at Tu Hua in another world: "Tu Hua, you know what to do. made."

"Actually, I am very happy to be able to fight with you in this game." Her expression was calm, and the original arrogance and indifference of a schoolmaster had long since disappeared, "I used to... I was always a very self-righteous people, including when you rejected my confession, I even gave you a bad position in my heart."

"I didn't realize how naive I was until now. Everyone has their own good and lovely side, and everyone has their own positions and choices. It is important to be alone, but working together and standing with the team makes me feel The sense of accomplishment is different from the past." Sun Wei looked at him with burning eyes, "And... I feel the most important thing, that is the joy of fulfillment."

She smiled brightly: "Tu Hua, please let me feel the joy of fulfillment again."

Tu Hua tightly closed his eyes, his mind was filled with the scenes of them fighting side by side.Regarding the [Death Prophecy] level, Tu Hua knew very well that it was absolutely impossible for there to be two life balls in the box in front of Sun Wei.

Not to mention the point of view of Newcomb's paradox, from the perspective of the insidiousness of the virus system, even if Tu Hua only chose the red box in front of Sun Wei, it is very likely that there is only a dead ball in the box.The virus would never have given them such an obvious chance of survival when it wanted them to die.

He knew this very well, but he still couldn't convince himself to give up the lives of his teammates like this.

The virus system is to use the weak point of their relationship, trying to force Tu Hua to make a wrong choice.So in front of this game, they will definitely lose.As for whether to lose one person or all his teammates, it was in Tu Hua's mind.

After hesitating for a long time, he finally raised his head and said in a low voice, "I choose...to open both boxes."