Red Alert 1895

Those reporters started looking at this so-called "semi-constitutional monarchy" and started thinking about it in their heads. ●⌒Novel, because they found that this semi-constitutional monarchy is actually neither like the British parliamentary constitutional monarchy, nor like the dual system of constitutional monarchy in Germany and Japan. In this semi-constitutional monarchy, the power of the monarch is greater than that of the British parliamentary constitutional monarchy, but it is also smaller than those of the dual constitutional monarchy. For example, this semi-constitutional monarchy has no legislative power, not only the legislative power of the constitution, but also the legislative power of other laws.

However, on the other hand, monarchs also have administrative power, and some of them have administrative power, and they are monarchs who control the army. On the other hand, the king is also qualified to issue an edict, but the edict must be counter-signed by the prime minister and the cabinet members of the corresponding department before it can take effect.

In terms of appointing the head of government, this power is also smaller than those of Germany and Japan. For example, the prime minister of the semi-constitutional monarchy is elected by the parliament, and the prime minister is responsible to the parliament. Generally speaking, the king has no right to interfere. However, in this case, there is no need to worry too much about being dismissed at will, and since cabinet members cannot concurrently serve as members of parliament, it is impossible to control the parliament and the executive power at the same time. However, correspondingly, the conditions for the impeachment of the cabinet by the parliament were also raised, and then the stability of the government was ensured.

So it seems that this semi-constitutional monarchy is actually a so-called "two giants" model, one giant is the emperor, while the other giant is the head of the government. These two are actually sharing power together. Basically, the two sides are very flexible, and anyone can find an opportunity to suppress the other. For example, it seems that the monarch does not have the power to directly appoint the prime minister, but if the prime minister is impeached by the parliament, the prime minister can only choose to ask the monarch to dissolve the parliament to fight for the next round of elections.

But at this time, the main decision-making power lies with the monarch, not the prime minister. Unlike the United Kingdom, once the prime minister proposes to dissolve the parliament, it is almost impossible for the monarch to refuse. This is where the difference in initiative lies. Therefore, the struggle between the two sides is very flexible, unlike other constitutional monarchies, where the cabinet will fall at every turn. The British cabinet's downfall often comes from within the political party, and a "rebellion" has been launched within the political party. Then they are bound to be unlucky. Germany and Japan often come from the trust of the king. Once the king does not trust and wants to kill the donkey, he will be blasted away. These two models are actually very unfavorable to governance.

Judging from the situation in the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the Emperor Chongzhen changed his prime ministers faster than he changed his clothes. So can there be no problem? If the prime minister is changed so frequently, every time the prime minister is changed, a large number of officials will be replaced. In the end, everyone is in danger and has no intention to do practical things. If everyone is not in the mood to do practical things, then the country will definitely suffer. On the one hand, such a constitutional monarchy ensures that the king cannot dismiss the prime minister at will, and on the other hand, it also avoids the "rebellion" of the prime minister's internal party, and then he is forced to overthrow the cabinet.

This is conducive to the unification of governance, and will not cause problems due to frequent changes of heads of government, so that those officials can do things with relative peace of mind, and don't spend all day thinking about keeping their positions and using their minds in a wrong way.

But Wang Guorui said to several of his women in the headquarters: "Do you know why I give the power to appoint local governor-level officials to the Examination Yuan? It's because of a policy. In the end, it still has to be implemented." , if the policy is not implemented, it will be like a castle in the air. And I set up the Examination Yuan, which is actually the Ministry of Officials in the past, and the Ministry of Officials will be in the hands of the king to a certain extent, and the king has the power to appoint the president of the Examination Institute In this way, if the cabinet wants to implement their economic policies, it must obtain the approval of the king, so that they can implement them accurately. And I have the power to appoint local officials and personnel, so that is to control the implementation of policies. Then they Even if there are any good policies, they must be implemented by officials appointed by the Examination Institute. The president of the Examination Institute is appointed by the king, and then serves for a five-year term."

"Husband, then why do you set the principle term of the examination institute for five years? Why can't you cancel it casually once the king appoints it? If you can cancel the dean of the examination institute at will, isn't it easy? Do you have the right to appoint local officials?" Zheng Hong asked.

"The rules of the game must be followed. In the future, the Examination Institute will become a game between the emperor and the cabinet. The Examination Institute manages personnel, and the reason why I must not be dismissed casually within five years, That is to leave a certain space for the game. If the king can change the dean of the examination institute at will, isn't it easy to control the appointment of local personnel? Do you know why I set up this semi-constitutional monarchy? Actually In order to maintain elasticity. Only things with elasticity can be the most stable. Too much steel is easy to break, and this is the same. If the king has too much power, although it looks very hard in the end, it will often cause a big uprising in the end Or it will be completely eliminated during the coup. Flexibility is the best, and maintaining a certain degree of flexibility means that there is room for games. This examination institute will become an important game place for the future king and the cabinet. The cabinet can win over the president of the examination institute, and then Let the director of the Examination Institute appoint officials according to their ideas, at least officials at the prefect level."

"And if the dean of the Examination Institute can be changed at will, then there is no room for such a game, and in the end it is very likely that an unprecedented conflict will break out. The so-called being a person who stays on the front line and people have hope, they don't even think about it." Obtained through violent means. If I completely control the Examination Institute, it means that there is no room for gaming, and those civil servants and cabinets will be completely desperate, and then they will think about solving the problem through another way. At that time, Either my new empire was overthrown by the revolution, or the empire returned to the era of autocratic monarchy. So we must try our best to maintain the state of the game, even if the king suffers a temporary loss and is emptied by his ministers, it is nothing. Anyway, the Examination Institute Far away, the term of a cabinet prime minister is only five years, while the emperor's reign can be as little as 20 years, as long as more than 30 years. Anyway, if you lose this five years, you can find a way to get it back in the next five years. ? Who has the longer term?"

"So I left room for the game, so that they can also maintain enough flexibility, so as not to cause too much concentration of power, and eventually cause the collapse of the entire system. As long as the time comes to master the Examination Institute, there are only two ways One way is that the cabinet pays a huge price to pull the head of the Examination Institute over so that they can get the ruling power for five years. Of course, I believe that few bureaucrats will do this. Because of course their term is only five years It is obviously not worthwhile to pay so much for five years of power, after all, after five years, most people will be replaced soon."

"So in my imagination, it is more about the king and his ministers reaching more deals and compromises in terms of personnel appointment power, maintaining a certain amount of game space, and allowing them to maintain flexibility. If the ministers are allowed to completely control the personnel power, then in the end the king will It must be emptied. And if the king has fully grasped the power of personnel, then in the end constitutional monarchy will also evolve into an autocratic monarchy, and finally return to the old way of the past. Since ancient times, the power struggle in officialdom has been nothing more than a struggle for personnel power. So I put Personnel rights are independent and become a game space for both parties to compete. The government cabinet cannot hold enough personnel rights and must trade with the king. However, the king does not have the power to directly govern, so it is necessary to reach a compromise with the government through this personnel power .”

"This is actually the same as the military power in the past. It has the power to deploy troops but does not have the power to command troops~www.readwn.com~ but the generals who command troops do not have the power to deploy troops. The future emperor has the power to appoint personnel, but he does not directly govern However, as the government's cabinet, although it has the power to govern, it has to be restricted by the monarch in terms of personnel power. So this is the method I think can create future game space, that is, the power of personnel. If the cabinet wants to carry out government affairs, it must obtain the support of the monarch's personnel. However, the monarch does not have the power to directly interfere with the economy. Avoid the monarch having the power to govern directly, and then further form absolute power."

"At that time, the Examination Institute will become a place for daily games, and the parliament will become a place for games on strategic issues. As long as there is enough room for both parties to play games, stability can be maintained."

And outside, after the plan of this semi-constitutional monarchy was announced, those reporters also quickly passed this plan to countries all over the world, and then countries all over the world began to study the advantages and disadvantages of this plan, and then began to carefully promote it. Study the advantages and disadvantages of this semi-constitutional monarchy, and then let everyone start thinking about how to learn from it and what lessons to draw. In particular, what are the characteristics of this political system, and what can everyone learn from it? After all, studying the political systems of different countries is also something that all countries should study. (To be continued.) SJGSF0916 Search "" on Baidu to read the latest and most complete novels!