New Shun 1730

However, will Britain send its navy to support Gibraltar?

In fact, a few months before the fire, when Dashun's navy appeared at Gibraltar and defeated Edward Boskerne's fleet, chaos and panic broke out in London.

There are endless rumors that the Chinese will land in Britain together with the French, as well as the exiled Jacobites, Catholics, Scots, and Irish, and that every Anglican in Britain will be forcibly converted to Catholicism or Buddhism or their Confucian religion. .

In inherently troubled times, misfortunes always come singly.

The old King George II had another big health problem.

After all, he is nearly eighty years old, and constipation is inevitable due to dietary problems. The old king has not shown up for a long time. According to rumors, it was said that he used too much force when he was defecating. It is normal for an eighty-year-old man to bleed heavily when he defecated too hard. No one knows the details, but it has been happening these days. Didn't show up.

If Britain is not in a period of transition at this time, then based on its political tradition, the old king is gone and the new king will take over.

However, the reality is that Britain's internal conflicts at this time are very intense.

The king's succession and handover issue is not just a simple succession, but is likely to face a huge political purge.

Because the Whigs are now in power.

The leader of the royal party next to the heir to the throne and the king's eldest grandson is John Stewart.

The labels on his body are really very specific: Socrates, Tories, royal power suppresses partisans.

John Stewart's political thoughts were obtained from Viscount Bolingbroke, and he has been instilling Viscount Bolingbroke's political thoughts in the young prince and grandson all year round: a wise monarch, a patriotic king, the abolition of parties, the elimination of party disputes, and the restoration of tradition.

[Human beings are divided into two types: the ignorant masses, and the few noble elites. This is a time when all strata are unjust and self-interested, traditions are dying, and politics are dirty. Those who are of noble birth and have outstanding talents should step forward to save the country from the dirty and corrupt, and replace them with people of noble moral character to govern the country].

[Britain is dead. The pursuit of interests is everywhere, and those in power wantonly plunder wealth. It’s too long to describe. All this is because the traditional spirit of freedom in Britain has died and withered]

[The return to the traditional British constitution and principles of freedom must rely on the emergence of a great man, that is, a king who truly loves Britain. This is the only remaining hope for Britain]

[Change can only be achieved by relying on a true great king who transcends partisanship, is above all sects and political parties, and is able to appoint wise and moral elites instead of choosing to govern because of partisan interests. This corrupted nation can restore its lost virtues only by ruining its traditions.]

Basically, Viscount Bolingbroke hopes to restore Britain's "traditional constitution and liberal tradition," which is similar to Voltaire's description of China. He has made up a fantasy tradition for Britain.

Because this is a Restorationist, a Jacobite, a squire who followed the usurper of the throne of the little king, a person who has been completely defeated in several confrontations after being monopolized by the Whig party. These things that he muttered and made up do not exist at all. tradition was really just an opposition to the Whig oligarchy.

He did not support absolute monarchy.

But he believed that now that the Whig Party was in power, it would take a real monarch who was above the party to defeat the Whig Party.

And the "traditional, morally aristocratic squires" he advocated basically only existed among bullshit - all those who were politically dissatisfied, excluded, and unable to enter the court seemed to be "highly moral, underappreciated, and petty." It is difficult for a gentleman to act when he is in power. A true gentleman will die in depression in the countryside. It is difficult for Feng Tangyi and Li Guang to be sealed. The government is in the hands of shameless villains."

In any country where there is partisanship, the situation is similar. In public opinion, those who gain the upper hand must be the "villains" and those who fail in party struggles must be the "gentlemen."

As for the tradition he advocates, what exactly is it? It's really abstract: good, moral, not selfish, dedicated... In short, all praise words are traditions.

In contrast to these complimentary words, they are all untraditional sins, and the reason why there is such chaos now is that tradition has been completely lost...

This is not even considered new wine in old bottles. It is the same nonsense from all countries. It was the same thing when the people were fighting against the traitorous parties, it was the same thing when the old and new parties were fighting, and it was still the same thing during the restoration after the legal revolution.

Of course, Bolingbroke's self-conscious views on party disputes can be regarded as a not fringe view of many traditional elites in European countries at this time.

For example, Washington said: [The struggle intensifies due to the natural revengeful psychology generated by the disputes between the two parties. In different eras and countries, this alternating rule of party disputes has committed disgusting crimes and is itself a terrible despotism]

For example, Jefferson said: [If I want to enter heaven with a party, I would rather not go to heaven].

For example, Condorcet said: [One of the basic needs of the French Republic is that it does not want political parties].

Of course, many of Viscount Bolingbroke's ideas at this time were instilled in George III, who was about to succeed to the throne, that is, the grandson of the old King George II, because the old king lived in the hope that his son would die and have a son. He really died before him, so his grandson succeeded him.

It is rumored that George III might use John Stuart to replace the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt... This, in the British market, can basically be understood as the groundless rumors of Lu Buwei and Ying Zheng.

It is said that after the death of the crown prince, this person had a close relationship with the crown princess, that is, George III's mother. It is unknown whether it is true or not. Anyway, when the Treaty of Paris was signed during the Seven Years' War in history, paper figures and stockings of him and the Queen Mother were publicly burned on the streets of London - because there is one thing that is true. When the Queen Mother was still the crown princess, people asked him what was John Stuart's greatest advantage? The crown princess said that he had a pair of slender legs, so why burn stockings is actually burning the metaphor.

This kind of relationship between men and women is not a big deal in the UK.

But John Stuart's political intentions have never been concealed.

[Sever the political ties between Britain and Germany, destroy the oligarchy of the Whig family, maintain the king's dominance over Parliament, and create a political ecology where wise and wise kings dominate Parliament instead of being dominated by party struggles].

Moreover, he always believed that his cause was just.

Moreover, this idea is theoretically feasible.

Because, after so much trouble, Britain finally ushered in a king who could speak English!

And a king who could speak English was the prerequisite for severing the political ties between Britain and Germany.

Now George II is probably in danger because he took a shit too hard, after all, he is eighty years old.

As the situation gradually became clear, the British Country Party, the Tory Party, and the nobles who were excluded from the Whig oligarchy circle suddenly became active, began to support George III who had not yet succeeded to the throne, and began to attack William Pitt's policies.

It is said that Pitt's repeated attacks on the French coast were costly, but he gained nothing except his own face and honor. He was even mocked for a special phrase [breaking windows with gold guineas].

A fool who smashed other people's windows with gold ingots.

It is said that the Dashun's attack on India was all due to William Pitt's aggressive maritime empire policy, which made "the radical policy in India aroused the vigilance and panic of the Chinese Empire, so they chose to attack India. If it were not for such a radical policy, the Chinese Empire would not have sent troops to India."

Even some people made very dishonorable satires on his physical defects: he was a cripple tortured by ventilation and mentally depressed...

And so on and so forth.

Although, in fact, from the perspective of the Dashun General Staff, William Pitt's huge expense to attack the French mainland and the failed landing attempt were of great significance, which forced the French to divide their main fleet that could fight into several parts to protect their coastline and avoid being attacked by public opinion - Dashun was very aware of this, because at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the peasant army wanted to mobilize the Ming army, they attacked the cities with vassal kings.

In essence, it's not much different. Although France did not have vassal cities, the French court struggle forced the Secretary of State to resist the backlash of public opinion and had to make a wrong strategy to disperse the troops and guard against the British landing.

However, once this strategic correctness was used as a reason for attack by the opposition, it would be a real [breaking windows with gold guineas].

As for the real reason for their opposition, or the deep-seated class factors, the later Lao Ma had an article analyzing the Tories and Whigs, which had already said it very pointedly.

They are laudatores temporis acti [praisers of the past], tradition, conscience... but in fact, they are ardent supporters of rent.

They are attached to the old British political and religious systems because they have always relied on these traditions to rule Britain.

"Tory" is a sacred name. It sounds like a political battle cry, a defender of tradition, and a praiser of the past.

But "protectionist tariff party" or "beneficiary of rent" is a mundane name.

The difference between Tories and other capitalists is the difference between rent and industrial and commercial profits.

Rent is conservative, profit is progressive; rent is national, profit is global; rent believes in the state religion, profit is born non-conformist...

Once these class issues are put forward, whether it is Viscount Bolingbroke or John Stuart's Tory Party, the Tories, country party, rural party, and traditional party who support them no longer want to fight.

Because they did not get any benefit, nor did they get much benefit.

Is there any relationship between sugarcane and their land rent?

Is there any relationship between trade and their land rent?

After Dashun joined the war, even wool trade might be in trouble in the future, and land rent must fall. What should we do?

In the reform of the Whig Party, there were both land taxes and consumption taxes on tobacco, alcohol, sugar and tea. Most of these taxes actually fell on their heads.

Powwer pioneered the practice of labeling political opponents. Whoever opposed the cabinet was a "Jamesian". Once the big hat was put on, no one dared to speak.

Even Walpole himself knew that [peace can win over those gentry who are groaning under the land tax from the Tories] - but war costs money and land tax must be paid. The British government's money is not blown by the wind, but also depends on taxes.

The main benefits of foreign expansion are all obtained by the emerging bourgeoisie. How much benefit can these gentry who live on land rent get?

The national debt has soared to 153.25 million pounds, equivalent to 450 million taels of silver. Is it possible to reduce land tax in the future to repay the national debt?

Before, the Tories supported the Duke of Newcastle and William Pitt to a limited extent because they promised that the benefits after the war would reduce land tax and reduce the 51% tax on land to 15% tax.

However, it seems possible now?

The focus of the competition is the sugar-producing islands. How much benefit can these old-school gentry, the conservative rent aristocrats rooted in the vast countryside of Britain, get?

As described by Lao Ma's pungent brushstrokes: The Tories are sacred words and guardians of tradition. They are abstract and therefore sacred. But if you say that they oppose for the sake of rent, for the reduction of land taxes, and for the sake of class interests, that would be vulgar.

So, of course, the reason they oppose the war now is not because it harms their interests.

In fact, the reason why they have authoritarian tendencies and support a truly patriotic monarch with traditional virtues who is above the party is essentially a manifestation of the economic base determining the superstructure.

With the growth of the bourgeoisie, the interests of land ownership are subject to the interests of financial groups, real estate is subject to business, agriculture is subject to industry, and the countryside is subject to the city... The material basis of the Tory Party's strength is rent, while the Whig Party is a group of aristocrats used by the bourgeoisie to realize their demands.

The change in the economic base makes the Tories play party politics, and of course they can't beat the Whigs, because the economic base determines the superstructure. Starting from the equalization of land taxes on industrial and commercial income and the national debt system, they will definitely not be able to play.

Since they can't win, they naturally expect a traditional, true monarch who is above the party.

The reason is very simple: they try to maintain the political power that has lost its social foundation.

So how can they do this?

Two words: reactionary, what else can they do.

Apart from reactionary, they have no other way.

They try to use force to maintain the system and political power that have been doomed to perish since the gradual development of industry and commerce surpassed agriculture, so naturally they can only pursue a strong monarch who is above the parliament in a reactionary way.

This is normal.

Of course, there is a more intuitive fuse: it was agreed that the national debt would be repaid with tea tax, sugar tax, and cotton luxury tax. Now it's like this, you expect the national debt I bought to be repaid with chicken feathers? Tea tax... his mother's tea tax is gone! The only tea-producing country has sent its fleet to Gibraltar, and the London Tea Exchange has collapsed. Where is the fucking tea tax to collect?

William Pitt opposed taxing the North American colonies, but fighting in America costs money, so why should I pay for fighting the French in America? In order to gain the support of the American colonies, the United States has always adopted a conciliatory policy towards North America during the war. On the contrary, the old traditional gentry in his family agreed to reduce the land tax, but ended up being conciliatory to the already dissatisfied North Americans, and let us, the real traditional British, continue to pay?

When we expanded abroad, you sold woolen cloth and I rented land to raise sheep, and we made money, we were all happy.

But now, you are happy and I am not, and the contradiction is about to erupt.

The old gentry Tories must ask: Is this Britain the Britain of the bourgeoisie? Or the Britain of us traditional aristocrats? Is it the Britain of those Puritans, Protestants, and financial capital? Or is it the Britain of us traditional gentry of the state religion?