New Shun 1730

Industries in the county town are almost all developed around the needs of capital in southern Jiangsu.

The layout of local industry and commerce is relatively complete.

Grain warehouses, as well as the sorghum liquor industry, oil pressing industry, and bean cake processing industry that are equipped with grain warehouses.

Businesses sell cotton cloth, cotton silk cloth, tea, white, black, brown sugar, spices, ironware, and a basic set of groceries from birth to death transported from Yingkou along the Liaohe River.

Inns and car shops provide a full range of services for summer water transportation and winter sledge ice transportation on the Liaohe River: meals, drinks, horse feed, and kiln girls.

The folk songs of later generations sing: My home is on the Songhua River in the northeast, where there are forests and coal mines, and there are soybeans and sorghum all over the mountains and plains.

Forget about coal mines for the time being. The railway is still early, and the southern Jiangsu region, which has the greatest demand for coal, is now using coal from Xuzhou Prefecture.

As for soybeans and sorghum, they are somewhat similar to the original evolutionary route, but also somewhat different.

The evolutionary route of soybeans is basically the same.

Originally, the development of the soybean industry in Northeast China originated from the war preparations in Europe before World War I, the demand for oil and fat in smokeless gunpowder, and the demand for soybean cake fertilizer in Japanese agriculture before the synthetic ammonia industry.

Now, the soybean industry here has also developed in a commercialized model of capital demand.

Capital from southern Jiangsu came to the Northeast and enclosed land and planted soybeans in areas with convenient transportation along the Liaohe River Basin.

The candle industry and soap industry in southern Jiangsu urgently needed soybean oil from the Northeast.

The cotton planting industry in northern Jiangsu also needed cheap nitrogen fertilizers with the lowest cost that could be found at that time.

Because the fertilizer industry was impossible to establish at that time, and the saltpeter in South America was too far away to make nitrogen fertilizer, due to the particularity of legumes, capital enclosed land to plant soybeans, which became a priority choice for capital investment in southern Jiangsu.

Because of the spontaneous nitrogen fixation mechanism of legumes, the yield of beans is in a very strange state.

With the use of chemical fertilizers in later generations, the per-acre yield of wheat has risen from the original 100 to 200 kilograms to 1,400 to 1,500 kilograms.

With the use of chemical fertilizers in later generations, the yield of soybeans per mu has increased from 200 kilograms to 300-400 kilograms.

Judging from the situation in Dashun at that time, the general yield of wheat per mu was lower than that of soybeans.

A large amount of idle land was occupied by capital and then recruited for reclamation. In addition, Liu Yu suppressed the uprising in Jiangsu Province, and a large number of members of the uprising army were sent to the Northeast in a form similar to indentured slaves. The harvesting and planting of bean crops were relatively convenient, which led to the rapid development of the soybean industry specifically for Jiangsu, Nanyang, and Japan.

It was the demand for capital that promoted the planting of beans. The only difference is that it was originally sold to Europe and Japan, but now it is mainly sold to Jiangsu.

And bean crops cannot be planted every year, and need to be changed. A large number of immigrants from the Huanghuai area have also led to a rapid increase in the planting area of ​​sorghum, and it soon became the staple food in the Northeast.

North of the Songliao watershed at a higher latitude, because of the escape of Koreans and Japanese rice seeds, the staple food is rice.

South of the Songliao watershed at a lower latitude, the staple food is sorghum rice.

The reason for this is somewhat different from the original history.

Starting from the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the imperial court promoted the planting of sorghum in the Huanghuai region.

The purpose was to control water, and sorghum stalks were used as the skeleton of some small river embankments, which also gave rise to the development of sorghum wine in the Huanghuai region.

Dashun implemented drastic reforms in the Huanghuai region, and the development of sea transportation and the extension of the Liaohe River transportation line in Yingkou area led to a large number of people from the Huanghuai region entering the Northeast.

The sorghum planting technology and sorghum winemaking technology brought by them were quickly spread.

And soon, sorghum became a widespread staple food in the area south of the Songliao watershed, and with the population growth in the southern region, some people were squeezed to continue to cross the Songliao watershed to the north, causing sorghum planting to continue to move north to the Songhua River Basin, and gradually mixed with the rice planting industry extending from the Ussuri River in Vladivostok.

With the experience of the last Huaihe River construction project, the imperial court did not curb the winemaking industry in the Northeast.

On the contrary, the brewing industry, as a reservoir, can ensure that when necessary, you can buy enough food with money.

Sorghum rice is also food, and it is definitely cheaper than rice for disaster relief.

Originally, the only food resource that Dashun could control was the little grain collected every year. Now you can get all kinds of messy food, and as long as you spend money, you can buy bulk commodities.

Take Sanjiangkou County as an example. All its industrial layout and economic development are actually arranged around the needs of Jiangsu capital.

Farmers and capital that occupy land grow soybeans.

Soybeans are processed into soybean oil and bean cakes here.

It is actually very convenient to transport bean cakes along the Liaohe River to Yingkou, especially when winter comes. It takes less than ten days to transport them from Changchun, the future of Huanglongfu, to Shenyang by ice sled.

Soybean oil and the like are generally transported by boat along the river to Yingkou in summer, where they are loaded and transported south.

Sorghum is basically used for brewing wine, and then the strong liquor is packed into barrels and transported to Yingkou; or it is transported upstream along the Liaohe River to the Mongolian pastoral area in exchange for leather.

Since last year, there has been another industry here.

Flax planting.

The flax varieties introduced from Luosha Country and the Grinkov combing machine introduced from Luosha Country have made the flax industry take root and grow.

The new Grinkov combing machine rapidly increased the production efficiency of flax fiber; and during the long winter, a large number of women spun these flax fibers into flax yarn. Since they were idle anyway and there was no cotton here, the package purchase system soon developed in the surrounding areas.

These flax yarns were also transported to Yingkou, and then from Yingkou to Songjiang Prefecture. The main direction was to be used as warps and woven into British blended cotton cloth, which was smuggled in large quantities to North America and Europe to hit the newly emerging cotton textile industry in Britain and exchange for silver.

The quality of pure cotton cloth was too good, and the British anti-smuggling department knew it was smuggled goods at a glance. However, the Dutch smuggling group's method of making the real thing look real could disrupt the market to the greatest extent. Blended cotton cloth mixed with flax, cashmere and cotton yarn soon became a bulk commodity in the smuggling industry.

The combing machine newly invented by the Luosha people was soon introduced to Dashun, which was in urgent need of flax yarn for warps.

However, given that cotton in northern Jiangsu was more valuable, flax planting was still placed in the northeast region, and after being twisted into finished yarn, it was transferred by sea.

The locals have long been accustomed to industries such as sorghum and soybeans.

This flax industry is a new one, so they can't help but be curious.

Of course, they must know that this thing is used for weaving cloth, which is something almost all fools know.

But the point of the debate is quite peculiar.

At this time, the drivers driving horse sleighs were skillfully using small banknotes to buy a few kilograms of sorghum wine produced in the local pot, and asked for a few kilograms of mutton, a by-product of sorghum wine lees, and talked with the rest of the people in the inn and wine shop about the new star product that appeared this year and was shipped from the distant southern Jiangsu region - the cotton cloth that was as wide as 2.8 feet, which shocked these immigrants who originally farmed and wove.

Then they discussed: "Do you think that the 2.8 feet wide cloth uses the hemp thread here?"

The people in the inn are very familiar with these things, because these drivers of carts and sleighs mainly transport various goods from north to south.

Last year, linen yarn became popular, and this year there is 2.8 feet wide cloth here, which inevitably makes people think about it.

The width of the original loom was only one foot, so it is now commonly known as small cloth.

And this improved cotton cloth with a width of more than two and a half feet is commonly known as large cloth. As for how this thing is woven and how it can be woven two and a half feet wide, the locals basically don't understand.

But this year's new large cloth quickly gained widespread market recognition, and it is much more convenient to cut clothes and make cotton pants than before.

There was a debate about whether there was hemp thread in this large cloth, until a shop assistant said with a strong Jiangsu accent: "This two feet and eight large cloth really has no hemp thread. This is all Nantong cloth. Nantong cloth has no hemp thread. Only cotton cloth produced by large factories in Songjiang Prefecture has hemp thread."

"I followed the shopkeeper to come here to do linen yarn business. I know what's going on here. The cloth in Nantong is similar to the hemp spinning here, all of which are the method of spreading the loom. And those large factories in Songjiang Prefecture are big workers. It's different. The large factories over there use hemp thread, and those who spread the loom don't use hemp thread."

The so-called spreading loom is a common name.

According to Liu Yu, it is called the Baomai system.

The so-called Shangdagong is also a common name.

According to Liu Yu, it is called the Gongchang system.

The hemp thread textile industry in the Liaohe River Basin has both Shangdagong and scattering looms.

The process of turning flax into fiber requires a hemp combing machine, which is the Gongchang system.

And the hemp fiber is spun into hemp thread and is subcontracted to rural women, which is the Baomai system.

The shop assistant did not lie. There is really no hemp cloth in this two-foot-eight cloth.

In other words, the cotton cloth produced in Nantong, where the Baomai system is the mainstream, does not use hemp thread or cashmere.

This is also a specific manifestation of the Dashun characteristic industrial revolution.

If the symbol of the beginning of the British Industrial Revolution is the Jenny spinning machine.

Then, the symbol of the beginning of the Dashun Industrial Revolution is the foot-operated iron wheel shuttle loom produced on a large scale in Jiangsu at this time.

In fact, even if the steam engine has been used in the well salt industry, coal mine drainage and other industries, it is not the beginning of the Dashun Industrial Revolution.

The beginning of the Dashun Industrial Revolution was the "pedal iron wheel loom going to the countryside" after Liu Yu completed the reform in Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu became a long-staple cotton producing area.

Along with the enclosure of land for cotton planting in northern Jiangsu, the originally prosperous salt transport canal has now become a cotton transport canal.

Nantong has become a distribution center for Huainan cotton across the river.

Machine ginning, seed removal, cotton combing, and manual spinning.

The new type of pedal iron wheel shuttle loom, because of its slightly expensive price, soon became the mainstream of Nantong's cotton cloth industry.

Capital provides money and buys cotton yarn to provide iron wheel looms for rural women.

Then they buy the finished cotton cloth they make at a low price and pay a certain amount of labor remuneration. The weaving process is carried out in each family.

However, the early cotton planting, picking, seed removal, ginning, rubbing, spinning, etc.; as well as the subsequent dyeing, starching, etc., are mostly carried out in a workshop system.

The introduction of pedal-operated iron-wheeled flying shuttle looms to rural areas represents what Liu Yu calls the technological advancement of the textile industry, or a distinctive textile industrial revolution, which requires "weaving before spinning."